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Sequoia (coast redwood)
Taxonomy
Sequoia was named by Endlicher (1847). It is extant. It is the type genus of Sequoioideae. It was considered monophyletic by Gadek et al. (2000).
It was assigned to Abietineae by Ettinghausen (1880); to Coniferae by Knowlton (1899); to Taxodieae by Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926); to Taxodineae by Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964), Chandler (1978); to Taxodiaceae by Berry (1914), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000); and to Sequoioideae by Gadek et al. (2000), Ahuja and Neale (2002), Zhang and Zhou (2015).
It was assigned to Abietineae by Ettinghausen (1880); to Coniferae by Knowlton (1899); to Taxodieae by Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926); to Taxodineae by Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964), Chandler (1978); to Taxodiaceae by Berry (1914), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000); and to Sequoioideae by Gadek et al. (2000), Ahuja and Neale (2002), Zhang and Zhou (2015).
Species
S. acuminata, S. acutifolia, S. affinis, S. albertensis, S. ambigua (syn. Sphenolepidium dentifolium, Arthrotaxopsis expansa, Sphenolepidium recurvifolium), S. angustifolia, S. bowerbankii (syn. Petrophiloides cellularis, Petrophiloides cylindricus), S. brevifolia, S. burgessii, S. charlottensis, S. concinna, S. condita, S. couttsiae, S. cuneata, S. cycadopsis, S. delicatula, S. fairbanksi, S. fastigiata, S. formosa, S. gracilis, S. gracillima, S. heerii, S. heterophylla, S. jeholensis, S. langsdorfii, S. longifolia, S. magnifica, S. magnifolia, S. maguanensis, S. minor, S. nordenskioeldii, S. obovata, S. pagiophylloides, S. penhallowi, S. reichenbachi (syn. S. inferna, S. densifolia), S. rigida, S. sempervirens, S. smittiana, S. spinosa, S. winchellii
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1847 | Sequoia Endlicher |
| 1880 | Sequoia Ettinghausen p. 393 |
| 1899 | Sequoia Knowlton |
| 1914 | Sequoia Berry p. 23 |
| 1919 | Sequoia Knowlton |
| 1926 | Sequoia Knowlton |
| 1961 | Sequoia Chandler p. 60 |
| 1962 | Sequoia Chandler p. 20 |
| 1963 | Sequoia Chandler p. 44 |
| 1964 | Sequoia Chandler p. 97 |
| 1978 | Sequoia Chandler p. 40 |
| 1996 | Sequoia Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Sequoia Gadek et al. |
| 2000 | Sequoia Mabberley |
| 2002 | Sequoia Ahuja and Neale p. 93 figs. Table 1 |
| 2015 | Sequoia Zhang and Zhou |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Sequoia Endlicher 1847 [coast redwood]
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†Sequoia acuminata Lesquereux 1875
†Sequoia acutifolia Newberry 1891
†Sequoia affinis Lesquereux 1876
†Sequoia albertensis Penhallow 1908
†Sequoia ambigua Heer 1878
+
Invalid names: Arthrotaxopsis expansa Fontaine 1906 [synonym], Sphenolepidium dentifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sphenolepidium recurvifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Sequoia angustifolia Lesquereux 1872
†Sequoia bowerbankii Ettingshausen and Gardner 1879
+
Invalid names: Petrophiloides cellularis Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Petrophiloides cylindricus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym]
†Sequoia brevifolia Heer 1868
†Sequoia burgessii Penhallow 1903
†Sequoia charlottensis Knowlton 1919
†Sequoia concinna Heer 1906
†Sequoia condita Lesquereux 1875
†Sequoia couttsiae Heer 1862
†Sequoia cuneata Newberry 1863
†Sequoia cycadopsis Fontaine 1889
†Sequoia delicatula Fontaine 1889
†Sequoia fairbanksi Fontaine 1905
†Sequoia fastigiata Sternberg 1833
†Sequoia formosa Lesquereux 1868
†Sequoia gracilis Heer 1873
†Sequoia gracillima Lesquereux 1868
†Sequoia heerii Lesquereux 1871
†Sequoia heterophylla Velenovsky 1885
†Sequoia jeholensis Endo 1951
†Sequoia langsdorfii Heer 1877
†Sequoia longifolia Lesquereux 1875
†Sequoia magnifica Knowlton 1898
†Sequoia magnifolia Knowlton 1916
†Sequoia maguanensis Zhang and Zhou 2015
†Sequoia minor Velenovsky 1886
†Sequoia nordenskioeldii Heer 1870
†Sequoia obovata Knowlton 1916
†Sequoia pagiophylloides Fontaine 1893
†Sequoia penhallowi Jeffrey 1904
†Sequoia reichenbachi Heer 1868
+
Invalid names: Sequoia densifolia Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sequoia inferna Ward 1905 [synonym]
†Sequoia rigida Heer 1873
Sequoia sempervirens Don 1824 [coast redwood]
†Sequoia smittiana Heer 1872
†Sequoia spinosa Newberry 1882
†Sequoia winchellii Lesquereux 1884
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tithonian to the top of the Piacenzian or 149.20000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 143.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 143.1 Ma
Collections (262 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Jurassic - Late/Upper Jurassic | China | Sequoia jeholensis (205065) | |
| Late/Upper Jurassic | China (Heilongjiang) | Sequoia sp. 1 (29529 29616) | |
| Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Utah) | Sequoia sp. (221973) | |
| Tithonian | France | Sequoia portlandica (24516) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Sequoia Reichenbachi (34865) Sequoia Reichenbachi, Sequoia gracilia (34837) Sequoia gracilis (34838) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | USA (Georgia) | Sequoia reichenbachi (212691 212692) | |
| Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Sequoia sp. (32047) | |
| Late/Upper Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | Sequoia sp. (222373) | |
| Barremian | Japan (Ishikawa) | Sequoia sp. (32324) | |
| Aptian | Portugal | Sequoia sp. (73584) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | USA (California) | Sequoia reichenbachi (52034) | |
| Albian | Canada (British Columbia) | Sequoia condita (24895) | |
| Albian | USA (Kansas) | Sequoia condita (29018 102713 102716 102721 102722 102723) Sequoia sp. (102724 102990 102991) | |
| Albian | Canada (Alberta) | Sequoia condita (24838) | |
| Albian - Cenomanian | Russian Federation | Sequoia minuta (34771) Sequoia minuta, Sequoia sp. (34804) Sequoia reichenbachii, Sequoia sp. (34772 34775) Sequoia sp. (34796 34800 34801) Sequoia spp. (34628) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Sequoia dakotensis (34971 34973 34974) Sequoia reichenbachi (31383) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Georgia) | Sequoia reichenbachi (28321) | |
| Coniacian - Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Sequoia montana (24182) | |
| Campanian | USA (South Carolina) | Sequoia reichenbachii (210091) | |
| Campanian | USA (Utah) | Sequoia sp. (223936) | |