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Juglans (walnut)
Taxonomy
Juglans was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant. Its type is Juglans regia.
It was assigned to Juglandaceae by Knowlton (1899), Berry (1914), Knowlton (1919), Brown (1959), Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
It was assigned to Juglandaceae by Knowlton (1899), Berry (1914), Knowlton (1919), Brown (1959), Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
Species
J. acuminata, J. affinis, J. alba, J. alkalina, J. appressa, J. arctica, J. baltica, J. bendirei, J. berryi, J. brandonianus, J. cinerea, J. coloradensis, J. crassifolia, J. crassipes, J. crescentia, J. crossii, J. cryptata, J. debeyana, J. dentata, J. elongata, J. florissanti, J. harwoodensis, J. laurifolia, J. leconteana, J. leonis, J. magnifica, J. mandshurica, J. minutidens, J. missouriensis, J. nigella, J. nigra, J. obtusifolia, J. occidentalis, J. oregoniana (syn. J. hesperia), J. picroides, J. regia (type species), J. rhamnoides, J. rugosa, J. saffordiana, J. sapindiformis, J. sapindoides, J. schimperi, J. sepultus (syn. Juglandites costatus), J. similis, J. thermalis, J. townsendi, J. ungeri, J. vetusta, J. woodiana
Species lacking formal opinion data
J. bastropensis, J. bergomensis, J. berryana, J. browniana, J. clarnensis, J. denveriana, J. desatoyana, J. eocenica, J. indioensis, J. japonica, J. megaceneria, J. miocathayensis, J. nevadensis, J. nigripites, J. shanwangensis, J. sieboldiana, J. taurina, J. tengchongensis, J. ventricosa, J. wandae, J. wheelerensis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Juglans Linnaeus |
| 1899 | Juglans Knowlton |
| 1914 | Juglans Berry p. 30 |
| 1919 | Juglans Knowlton |
| 1959 | Juglans Brown p. 128 |
| 1976 | Juglans Lakhanpal et al. |
| 1991 | Juglans Chauhan |
| 1996 | Juglans Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Juglans Mabberley |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Juglans Linnaeus 1753 [walnut]
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†Juglans acuminata Braun 1845
†Juglans affinis Kirchner 1898
Juglans alba Linnaeus 1753
†Juglans alkalina Lesquereux 1875
†Juglans appressa Lesquereux 1869
†Juglans arctica Heer 1882
†Juglans baltica Heer 1882
†Juglans bendirei Knowlton 1902
†Juglans berryi Knowlton 1916
†Juglans brandonianus Perkins 1904
Juglans cinerea Linnaeus 1753
†Juglans coloradensis Lesquereux 1918
†Juglans crassifolia Knowlton 1902
†Juglans crassipes Heer 1869
†Juglans crescentia Knowlton 1899
†Juglans crossii Knowlton 1898
†Juglans cryptata Knowlton 1902
†Juglans debeyana Heer 1866
†Juglans dentata Newberry 1882
†Juglans elongata Hollick 1906
†Juglans florissanti Lesquereux 1883
†Juglans harwoodensis Dawson 1882
†Juglans laurifolia Knowlton 1899
†Juglans leconteana Lesquereux 1870
†Juglans leonis Cockerell 1908
†Juglans magnifica Knowlton 1916
Juglans mandshurica Maximowicz 1856
†Juglans minutidens Knowlton 1918
†Juglans missouriensis Knowlton 1900
†Juglans nigella Heer 1869
Juglans nigra Linnaeus 1753
†Juglans obtusifolia Heer 1859
†Juglans occidentalis Newberry 1882
†Juglans picroides Heer 1869
Juglans regia Linnaeus 1753
†Juglans rhamnoides Lesquereux 1871
†Juglans rugosa Lesquereux 1868
†Juglans saffordiana Lesquereux 1869
†Juglans sapindiformis Knowlton 1918
†Juglans sapindoides Knowlton 1918
†Juglans schimperi Lesquereux 1872
†Juglans similis Knowlton 1918
†Juglans thermalis Lesquereux 1872
†Juglans townsendi Knowlton 1894
†Juglans ungeri Heer 1859
†Juglans vetusta Heer 1859
†Juglans woodiana Heer 1865
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Coniacian to the top of the Holocene or 89.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Collections (130 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Georgia) | Juglans arctica (28321) | |
| Campanian | USA (South Carolina) | Juglans arctica (210091) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Juglans denveriana (54105) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Juglans arctica (96781) | |
| Paleocene | USA (North Dakota) | Juglans taurina (40390) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Juglans taurina (40104 43313 53949) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Colorado) | Juglans berryana (43413 52846 52931 53084) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Wyoming) | Juglans spp. (31220) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Texas) | Juglans bastropensis (98211) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Idaho) | Juglans browniana (35336 35347) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Juglans eocenica (22811) | |
| Eocene | USA (Alaska) | Juglans nigella (112313 112316) Juglans sp. (238476 238478 238482 238562) | |
| Eocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Juglans sp. (179231) | |
| Eocene | USA (Missouri) | Juglans nigripites (231931) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Juglans crescentia (24089) Juglans laurifolia (24130) Juglans rugosa (24088 24090 24137 24147 24155 24157) Juglans rugosa, Juglans crescentia (24156) Juglans schimperi (24091) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Juglans clarnensis, Juglans sp. (21220) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Russian Federation | Juglans sp. (45449) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Juglans wheelerensis (35221) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Vietnam | Juglans schimperi (224535) | |
| Oligocene | USA (Montana) | Juglans regia (23793) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Juglans sp. (35921) | |
| Chattian | Azerbaijan | Juglans sp. (116622 116637) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Virginia) | Juglans sp. (231708) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Russian Federation | Juglans sp. (45431 45432 45433) | |
| Aquitanian | Azerbaijan | Juglans sp. (116633) | |
| Aquitanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Juglans sp. (21371) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Juglans cinerea (23907 23908) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation | Juglans sp. (45442) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Juglans sp., Juglans cinerea (22820) | |
| Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Juglans sp. (231834) | |
| Miocene | China (Zhejiang) | Juglans miocathayensis (224041) | |
| Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Juglans sp. (223850) | |
| Miocene | China (Inner Mongolia) | Juglans indioensis (223910) | |
| Miocene | Switzerland (Zürich) | Juglans acuminata (46327) Juglans sp. (46324) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Juglans japonica (22789) | |
| Neogene | China (Yunnan) | Juglans sp. (224533) | |
| Neogene | China (Jilin) | Juglans shanwangensis (223933) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Juglans miocathayensis, Juglans shanwangensis, Juglans acuminata (223803) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Nevada) | Juglans desatoyana (27179) Juglans nevadensis (27701) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Juglans sp. (23401) | |
| Langhian | USA (Virginia) | Juglans sp. (79793) | |
| MN 5 | Switzerland (Zürich) | Juglans acuminata (46225) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Juglans wandae, Juglans ventricosa, Juglans cinerea (28442) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation | Juglans sp. (45451) | |
| MN 5 - MN 7 + 8 | Switzerland (Aargau) | Juglans acuminata (46279) | |
| MN 6 | Switzerland (Zürich) | Juglans acuminata (46237) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Juglans sp. (126605 187324) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Juglans acuminata (23041) Juglans bergomensis (23666) Juglans sieboldiana (23045 27379) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Juglans japonica (222698) Juglans regia (222695) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Gunma) | Juglans japonica (22755) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | France (Elsass) | Juglans bergomensis, Juglans cinerea (21222) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | China (Shaanxi) | Juglans sp. (223874) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Japan (Aichi) | Juglans sp. (168063) | |
| Pliocene | Portugal | Juglans sp. (232112 232124 232125 232144 232145 232146 232147 232148) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Italy (Umbria) | Juglans bergomensis (51756 51757) | |
| Piacenzian - Zanclean | Germany (North Rhine) | Juglans bergomensis (28197) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Japan (Mie) | Juglans sp. (34496) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | China (Yunnan) | Juglans tengchongensis, Juglans sp. (224402) | |
| Piacenzian | Japan (Niigata) | Juglans megaceneria (101021) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kyoto City) | Juglans sp. (168071 168082) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kishiwada city) | Juglans sp. (168070) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Juglans sp. (50523) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guangxi) | Juglans shanwangensis (223913) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu & Kashmir) | Juglans sp. (225945) | |
| Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Juglans sp. (50522) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Juglans sp. (224613 224614 224715 224751) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Juglans sp. (228772) | |
| Pleistocene | China (Heilongjiang) | Juglans mandshurica (223990) | |
| Quaternary | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Juglans sp. (228774 228775 228777 228778) | |
| Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Juglans regia (228760) Juglans sp. (228776) Juglans sp., Juglans regia (228761) | |
| Quaternary | India (Uttarakhand) | Juglans sp. (228809) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Virginia) | Juglans sp. (104698) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Juglans sp. (228782) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Juglans sp. (63249) | |
| Holocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Juglans sp. (228764 228780) | |
| Holocene | Japan (Kyoto city) | Juglans sp. (168083) | |
| Holocene | China (Inner Mongolia) | Juglans mandshurica (223943) | |
| Holocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Juglans sp. (228783) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Juglans sp. (228762 228763 228773) |