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Fagus (beech)
Taxonomy
Fagus was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant. Its type is Fagus sylvatica.
It was assigned to Fagaceae by Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), Brown (1959), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
It was assigned to Fagaceae by Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), Brown (1959), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
Species
F. americana, F. antipofii, F. castanea, F. cretacea, F. deucalionis, F. dicksoni, F. engleriana, F. feroniae, F. hitchcockii, F. integrifolia, F. lambertensis, F. longifolia, F. macrophylla, F. orbiculata, F. papyracea, F. polycladus, F. protonucifera, F. pseudoferruginea, F. sieboldii, F. subferruginea, F. sylvatica (type species)
Species lacking formal opinion data
F. attenuata, F. chinensis, F. crenata, F. decurrens, F. dodgei, F. ferruginea, F. grandifolia, F. grandifolliiformis, F. japonica, F. japoniciformis, F. langevinii, F. menzelii, F. microcarpa, F. microphylla, F. minima, F. pacifica, F. palaeojaponica, F. pliocaenica, F. silesiaca, F. stuxbergi, F. stuxbergii, F. subferrunginea, F. tenella, F. washoensis
Synonymy list
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Fagus Linnaeus 1753 [beech]
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Fagus americana Sweet 1826
†Fagus antipofii Abich 1858
Fagus castanea Linnaeus 1753
†Fagus cretacea Newberry 1868
†Fagus deucalionis Unger 1882
†Fagus dicksoni Dusen 1899
Fagus engleriana Seemen 1900
†Fagus feroniae Unger 1845
†Fagus hitchcockii Lesquereux 1861
†Fagus integrifolia Dusen 1899
†Fagus lambertensis Berry 1916
†Fagus longifolia Lesquereux 1872
†Fagus macrophylla Unger 1854
†Fagus orbiculata Lesquereux 1891
†Fagus papyracea Knowlton 1918
†Fagus polycladus Lesquereux 1868
†Fagus protonucifera Dawson 1882
†Fagus pseudoferruginea Lesquereux 1878
Fagus sieboldii Endlicher 1864
†Fagus subferruginea Dusen 1899
Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus 1753
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Holocene or 106.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Collections (131 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Albian | USA (Kansas) | Fagus sp. (34726) | |
| Tertiary | Japan (Gunma) | Fagus stuxbergii (22768) | |
| Tertiary | Japan (Aichi) | Fagus stuxbergii, Fagus palaeojaponica (22819) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Fagus subferruginea (136410) | |
| Ypresian | Canada (British Columbia) | Fagus sp. (227994) Planera longifolia (121046) | |
| Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Fagus sp. (237755) | |
| Eocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Fagus langevinii (179231) | |
| Eocene | China (Guizhou) | Fagus sp. (223895) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Fagus antipofii (24087) Planera longifolia (24147 24155) | |
| Middle Eocene | China (Jilin) | Fagus sp. (179213) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | China (Liaoning) | Fagus chinensis, Fagus sp. (223815) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Fagus longifolia (106380) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Fagus pacifica (35220 35221 35237 35269) Fagus sp. (193700) | |
| Oligocene | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Fagus subferruginea (141997) Fagus subferruginea, Fagus dicksoni, Fagus integrifolia (141996) | |
| Oligocene | Argentina (Santa cruz) | Fagus subferruginea (141995) | |
| Oligocene - Late/Upper Oligocene | Puerto Rico | Fagus sp. (32282) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | United Kingdom (England) | Fagus minima (27665) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina (Rio Negro) | Fagus subferrunginea (31540) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Fagus pacifica (35921) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Fagus deucalionis (26513) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Sachsen) | Fagus deucalionis (24179 24183 24184 24185 24533 24534 26508 26509) | |
| Chattian | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Fagus sp. (23663 23673) Fagus sp.1 (23888) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Middle Miocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Fagus subferruginea (141183) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Fagus sp.2 (23908) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | China (Jilin) | Fagus stuxbergi (223816) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Fagus chinensis (223826) | |
| Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Fagus sp. (231834) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Fagus japonica, Fagus sp. (22820) | |
| Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Fagus sp. (223850) | |
| Miocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Fagus sp. (231784 231824 231825) | |
| Miocene | China (Hebei) | Fagus sieboldii (223818) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Gunma) | Fagus stuxbergii (22786) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Fagus palaeojaponica, Fagus stuxbergii, Fagus sp. (22796) | |
| Langhian | Germany (sachsen) | Fagus decurrens (27519) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Fagus ferruginea, Fagus decurrens (28442) Fagus sp., Fagus ferruginea (28443) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation | Fagus grandifolliiformis, Fagus tenella, Fagus japoniciformis (45451) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Brandenburg) | Fagus menzelii (23303) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Saxen) | Fagus decurrens, Fagus deucalionis (22897) Fagus deucalionis (22898) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Fagus decurrens, Fagus deucalionis (22899 23056 23666) Fagus deucalionis (23042 23046 23055 23058 23059 23348 23355 23609 23616 23618 23652 23677 27013 27066 27523 27524 27528) Fagus menzelii (23045) Fagus menzelii, Fagus deucalionis (27379 27512) Fagus silesiaca (27514) Fagus sp. (23661 27377) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Sachsen) | Fagus deucalionis (27381) Fagus sp. (27376) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Fagus sp. (126605) | |
| MN 6 - MN 7 + 8 | Switzerland (Zürich) | Fagus stuxbergi (46258) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Virginia) | Fagus sp. (152251) | |
| Tortonian | Türkiye (Yalova) | Fagus sp. (184470) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Fagus sp. (65238) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Gunma) | Fagus stuxbergii, Fagus palaeojaponica (22755) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Japan (Gunma) | Fagus palaeojaponica, Fagus stuxbergii, Fagus sp. (21265) Fagus stuxbergii (21239 21264) Fagus stuxbergii, Fagus sp. (21224) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine Westphalia) | Fagus decurrens (27918 27921 27927) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine) | Fagus decurrens (28046 28051 28053 28055 28113 28114 28115 28117 28131) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | France (Elsass) | Fagus decurrens, Fagus ferruginea (21222) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Indiana) | Fagus grandifolia (18320) | |
| Turolian | Spain (Valencia) | Fagus pliocaenica (40758) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Germany (Sachsen) | Fagus decurrens (27277) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Japan (Aichi) | Fagus sp. (168063) | |
| Zanclean | Germany (North Rhine) | Fagus decurrens (28134) | |
| Zanclean | Japan (Iwate) | Fagus crenata, Fagus sp. (56300) | |
| Pliocene | Portugal | Fagus sp. (232124 232125) | |
| Piacenzian - Zanclean | Germany (North Rhine) | Fagus decurrens (28197) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringen) | Fagus sp. (22783) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringia) | Fagus attenuata, Fagus decurrens (22778) Fagus sp. (22780) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Tokyo) | Fagus crenata, Fagus japonica, Fagus stuxbergi (224546) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guizhou) | Fagus engleriana (223872) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Fagus sp. (50524) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kyoto City) | Fagus crenata, Fagus microcarpa, Fagus sp. (168082) Fagus sp. (168071) | |
| Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Fagus sp. (50522) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Kyoto) | Fagus japonica, Fagus microcarpa (224408) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | France | Fagus microphylla (42673) | |
| Holocene | Japan (Kyoto city) | Fagus sp. (168083) |