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Procyoninae

Osteichthyes - Carnivora - Procyonidae

Taxonomy
Procyoninae was named by Gray (1825). It is extant. Its type is Procyon.

It was assigned to Procyonidae by Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Baskin (1998), Baskin (2003), Baskin (2004).

Subtaxa
Potosini, Procyonini

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Procyoninae Gray
1902Procyoninae Hay p. 764
1980Procyoninae Kurten and Anderson p. 175
1998Procyoninae Baskin p. 146
2003Procyoninae Baskin
2004Procyoninae Baskin p. 709

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—Pancarnivora
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
—Mustelida
familyProcyonidaeGray 1825
subfamilyProcyoninaeGray 1825
subfamilyProcyoninaeGray 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Procyoninae Gray 1825
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Tr. Potosini Trouessart 1904
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G. †Bassaricyonoides Baskin and Morea 2003
+
†Bassaricyonoides stewartae Baskin and Morea 2003
G. †Parapotos Baskin 2003
+
†Parapotos tedfordi Baskin 2003
G. Potos Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795
+
Potos flavus Schreber 1774 [kinkajou]
Tr. Procyonini Gray 1825
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G. †Amphinasua Mercerat 1895
+
†Amphinasua brevirostris Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Amphinasua longirostris Rovereto 1914
G. †Arctonasua Baskin 1982
+
†Arctonasua eurybates Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua floridana Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua fricki Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua gracilis Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua minima Baskin 1982
G. Bassaricyon Allen 1876 [olingo]
+
Bassaricyon alleni Thomas 1880 [Allen's olingo]
Bassaricyon gabbii Allen 1876
Bassaricyon medius Thomas 1909 [western lowland olingo]
Bassaricyon neblina Helgen et al. 2013 [olinguito]
G. Bassariscus Coues 1887 [ringtail]
+
Bassariscus albipes Elliot 1903
†Bassariscus antiquus Matthew and Cook 1909
+
Invalid names: Bassariscus nevadensis Merriam 1916 [synonym]
Bassariscus astutus Lichtenstein 1830 [ringtail]
+
Invalid names: Bassariscus sonoitensis Skinner 1942 [synonym]
†Bassariscus casei Hibbard 1952
†Bassariscus minimus Baskin 2004
†Bassariscus ogallalae Hibbard 1933
†Bassariscus parvus Hall 1927
†Bassariscus rexroadensis Hibbard 1950
Bassariscus sumichrasti Saussure 1860 [cacomistle]
Invalid names: Bassaris [replaced]
G. †Brachynasua Ameghino and Kraglievich 1925
+
†Brachynasua merani Ameghino and Kraglievich 1925
G. †Chapalmalania Ameghino 1908
+
†Chapalmalania altaefrontis Kraglievich and Olazabal 1959
†Chapalmalania ortognatha Ameghino 1908
G. †Cyonasua Ameghino 1885
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†Cyonasua argentina Ameghino 1885
†Cyonasua brevirostris Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Cyonasua clausa Ameghino 1904
†Cyonasua groeberi Kraglievich and Reig 1954
†Cyonasua longirostris Rovereto 1914
†Cyonasua lutaria Cabrera 1936
†Cyonasua meranii Ameghino and Kraglievich 1925
†Cyonasua pascuali Linares 1981
†Cyonasua robusta Rovereto 1914
†Cyonasua zettii Hontecillas et al. 2023
G. †Edaphocyon Wilson 1960
+
†Edaphocyon lautus Baskin 1982
†Edaphocyon palmeri Baskin 2003
G. Nasua Storr 1780 [coati]
+
†Nasua mastodonta Emmert and Short 2018
Nasua narica Linnaeus 1766 [white-nosed coati]
Nasua nasua Linneaus 1766 [South American coati]
†Nasua nicaeensis Holl 1829
†Nasua pronarica Dalquest 1978
G. Nasuella Hollister 2000
+
Nasuella meridensis Thomas 1901 [eastern mountain coati]
G. †Paranasua Baskin 1982
+
†Paranasua biradica Baskin 1982
G. †Probassariscus Merriam 1911
+
†Probassariscus matthewi Merriam 1911
+
Invalid names: Rhapsodus tedfordi Linares 1981 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhapsodus Linares 1981 [synonym]
G. Procyon Storr 1780 [raccoon]
+
Subg. Procyon (Euprocyon) Gray 1864
Subg. Procyon (Procyon) Storr 1780
Procyon cancrivorus Cuvier 1798 [crab eating raccoon]
†Procyon gipsoni Emmert and Short 2018
Procyon gymnocercus Fischer 1814 [pampas fox]
Procyon lotor Linnaeus 1758 [raccoon]
+
Invalid names: Procyon nanus Simpson 1929 [synonym], Procyon priscus Leconte 1848 [synonym], Procyon simus Gidley 1906 [synonym]
†Procyon megalokolos Emmert and Short 2018
†Procyon rexroadensis Hibbard 1941
Invalid names: Lotor Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [synonym]
G. †Protoprocyon Linares 1981
+
†Protoprocyon savagei Linares 1981
+
Invalid names: Lichnocyon phoenicus Baskin 1982 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Lichnocyon Baskin 1982 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialf
Diet: frugivoref
Diet 2: carnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 19:33:53
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hemingfordian to the top of the Holocene or 18.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 16.3 Ma

Collections (207 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Louisiana) Bassariscus sp. (163859)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Delaware) Procyoninae indet. (18579)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Florida) Bassaricyonoides phyllismillerae, Edaphocyon palmeri (18562)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3Panama (Panama City) Bassaricyonoides sp. (144879)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Nebraska) Edaphocyon lautus (17898)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Nebraska) Bassariscus sp. (17969)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Oregon) Bassariscus antiquus (208511)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Nevada) Procyoninae indet. (18962)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Florida) Procyoninae indet. (18561)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nevada) Bassariscus antiquus (19103) Bassariscus parvus (19088)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Arctonasua gracilis, Probassariscus sp. (18141) Arctonasua sp. (18144) Arctonasua sp., Probassariscus antiquus (18275 18442) Bassariscus antiquus (18165) Bassariscus parvus (18284) Probassariscus sp. (18164)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Louisiana) Edaphocyon sp. (18659)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Oregon) Procyoninae indet. (19092)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5Canada (Saskatchewan) Bassariscus parvus (18759 18761 18794)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Edaphocyon pointblankensis (18627) Parapotos tedfordi (35591)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Oregon) Bassariscus lycopotamicus, Lutrictis lycopotamicus (230904)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Arctonasua minima, Rhapsodus tedfordi, Bassariscus minimus (17976) Bassariscus antiquus (17904 125933)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Probassariscus sp., Arctonasua gracilis (18665)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) Bassariscus parvus (19547 19611)
Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Bassariscus ogallalae (18187)