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Taxonomy
Cardiinae was named by Lamarck (1809) [m. kosnik taxon no: 9219]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Cardiidae by Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Dockery (1982), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Squires (1984), Vokes (1984), Squires (1987), Freneix et al. (1988), Chiesa et al. (1995), Schneider (2002), Moore (2003), Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Eucardiids by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Cardiidae by Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Dockery (1982), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Squires (1984), Vokes (1984), Squires (1987), Freneix et al. (1988), Chiesa et al. (1995), Schneider (2002), Moore (2003), Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Eucardiids by Carter et al. (2011).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1809 | Cardiinae Lamarck |
| 1977 | Cardiinae Adegoke p. 268 |
| 1980 | Cardiinae Vokes p. 126 |
| 1982 | Cardiinae Dockery p. 69 |
| 1982 | Cardiinae Woodring p. 635 |
| 1983 | Cardiinae Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 96 |
| 1984 | Cardiinae Squires p. 49 |
| 1984 | Cardiinae Vokes p. 43 |
| 1987 | Cardiinae Squires p. 65 |
| 1988 | Cardiinae Freneix et al. |
| 1995 | Cardiinae Chiesa et al. p. 44 |
| 2002 | Cardiinae Schneider p. 323 figs. Table 2 |
| 2003 | Cardiinae Moore |
| 2010 | Cardiinae Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Cardiinae Carter et al. p. 15 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Cardiinae Lamarck 1809
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G. Acanthocardia Gray 1851
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Subg. Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) Gray 1851
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Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) aculeata Linnaeus 1758
Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata Linnaeus 1767
†Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) kirkerensis Clark 1918
†Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) reedi Loel and Corey 1932
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Invalid names: Ciliatocardium snatolense Krishtofovich and Ilyina 1947 [synonym]
Subg. †Acanthocardia (Agnocardia) Stewart 1930
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†Agnocardia acrocome Dall 1900
†Agnocardia alternata Hubbard 1920
†Agnocardia cinderellae Maury 1917
†Agnocardia claibornense Aldrich 1911
†Agnocardia convexa Deshayes 1858
†Agnocardia cossmanni Vincent 1882
†Agnocardia dissidepictum Woodring 1925
†Agnocardia elnaggari Abbass 1972
†Agnocardia glebosum Conrad 1848
†Agnocardia machaporiensis Maury 1925
Agnocardia mahgoobi Abbass 1972
Agnocardia mokattamensis Abbass 1972
†Agnocardia pessoae Maury 1925
†Agnocardia rectispina Koenen 1893
†Agnocardia sorrentoensis Hanna 1927
†Agnocardia spinosifrons Vokes 1984
†Agnocardia thalassium Maury 1925
†Trachycardium (Agnocardia) claibornensis Aldrich 1911
Subg. †Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) Stewart 1930
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†Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) gehannamensis Strougo 1977
†Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) tuomeyi Aldrich 1886
†Acanthocardia afra Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Acanthocardia becksii Muller 1847
Acanthocardia brunettii La Perna and D'Abramo 2013
†Acanthocardia hanseata Kautsky 1925
†Acanthocardia maputi Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Acanthocardia massintonti Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Acanthocardia mozambensis Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
Acanthocardia paucicostata Sowerby 1834
†Cardium (Acanthocardia) cheribonense Oostingh 1935
G. Bucardium Gray 1853
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Subg. Bucardium (Bucardium) Gray 1853
†Cardium (Bucardium) lillei Freneix and Grant-Mackie 1978
G. Cardium Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Cardium (Americardia) Stewart 1930
Subg. †Cardium (Cardium) Linnaeus 1758
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†Cardium (Cardium) guineense Adegoke 1977
†Cardium (Cardium) nicklesi Adegoke 1977
†Cardium (Cardium) okeziei Adegoke 1977
Subg. †Cardium (Criocardium)
Subg. Cardium (Dallocardia) Stewart 1930
Subg. Cardium (Eucardium) Fischer 1887
Subg. †Cardium (Tulongocardium) Chen et al. 1976
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†Cardium (Tulongocardium) pluriradiatum Chen et al. 1976
Cardium angustatum Sowerby 1821
†Cardium arcaeformis Gabb 1870
Cardium asiaticum Bruguière 1789
†Cardium barnense Stoppani 1865
†Cardium bisectum Forbes 1846
†Cardium bottegoi d'Ossat 1900
†Cardium bourdoti Cossmann 1882
Cardium braunsi Tokunaga 1906
Cardium casertanum Poli 1791
Cardium centifilosum Carpenter 1864 [hundred-line cockle]
†Cardium cloacinum Quenstedt 1856
Cardium comoxense Dall 1900
†Cardium concinnum Buch 1844
Cardium coosense Dall 1909
†Cardium corallinum Leymerie 1846
Cardium costatum Linnaeus 1758
†Cardium cucullatum Goldfuss 1839
†Cardium cuculloides Tate 1886
†Cardium curtum Meek and Hayden 1861
Cardium cygnorum Deshayes 1855
†Cardium dariesi Dey 1961
†Cardium emmonsi Conrad 1867
†Cardium etheridgei Tremlett 1950
Cardium flavum Linnaeus 1758
†Cardium fragum Linnaeus 1758
†Cardium galaticum d'Archiac 1866
†Cardium hians Spengler 1799
†Cardium hians danubianum Trentanove 1901
†Cardium impeditium Deshayes 1858
†Cardium inaequiconvexum Cossmann and Pissarro 1927
†Cardium incomptum Forbes 1846
Cardium indicum Lamarck 1818
†Cardium interruptum Wood 1850
†Cardium intersectum Forbes 1846
†Cardium khowaiteri Abbass 1972
†Cardium labronicum Trentanove 1901
†Cardium ladinum Bittner 1895
†Cardium lithocardium Linnaeus 1771
Cardium lobulatum Deshayes 1855
†Cardium lucerna Forbes 1846
Cardium maxicostatum Ter Poorten 2007
†Cardium midyetti Richards 1943
†Cardium miikense Nagao 1928
†Cardium moricinum de Loriol 1866
†Cardium multicostatum Quenstedt 1858
†Cardium nanum Khomenko 1931
†Cardium nodosulum Wood 1840
Cardium nodosum Montague 1803
†Cardium nuculoides Stoppani 1865
†Cardium ouachitense Harris 1919
†Cardium ouralicum de Verneuil 1845
†Cardium pentagonum Stoppani 1857
†Cardium perobliquum von Koenen 1897
†Cardium perobliquum Martin 1882
†Cardium philotarium Maury 1924
†Cardium pisum Philippi 1887
†Cardium pygmaeum Hisinger 1837
†Cardium quilonense Dey 1961
†Cardium rachitis Deshayes 1829
†Cardium regazzoni Stoppani 1865
†Cardium rhynchonelloides Stoppani 1865
†Cardium riogramamense Maury 1930
†Cardium rudis Camacho 1957
†Cardium soldani Stoppani 1865
†Cardium spillmani Conrad 1858
†Cardium strigilliferum Wood 1840
†Cardium subalternatum Vogel 1895
†Cardium subcurtum Meek 1873
†Cardium subperobliquum Riedel 1933
†Cardium talahabense Martin 1922
†Cardium tippanum Conrad 1858
†Cardium tropicum Kossmat 1893
†Cardium tuba Camacho 1957
Cardium tuberculatum Linnaeus 1758
†Cardium tumidum Kossmat 1893
†Cardium venustum Wood 1840
†Cardium verbeeki Martin 1879
G. †Chesacardium Ward 1992
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†Chesacardium acutilaqueatum Conrad 1839
†Chesacardium laqueatum Conrad 1830
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†Chesacardium laqueatum blountense Mansfield 1932
†Chesacardium laqueatum eshelmani Ward 1992
†Chesacardium laqueatum laqueatum Ward 1992
†Chesacardium laqueatum vostreysi Ward 1992
†Chesacardium laqueatum blackwelderi Ward 1992
†Chesacardium leptopleura Conrad 1841
G. Dinocardium Dall 1900
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†Dinocardium cabezai Gardner 1945
†Dinocardium ecuadoriale Olsson 1932
Dinocardium robustum Lightfoot 1786
†Dinocardium robustum hazeli Ward and Blackwelder 1987
†Dinocardium taphrium Dall 1900
†Dinocardium vicksburgense Conrad 1848
†Laevicardium (Dinocardium) levyi Richards 1953
Laevicardium (Dinocardium) parkinsoni Sowerby 1814
G. †Ethmocardium White 1880
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†Cardium (Ethmocardium) ursaniense Russell and Landes 1937
†Granocardium (Ethmocardium) whitei Dall 1900
G. †Granocardium Gabb 1869
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†Granocardium carolinum Amard et al. 1981
†Granocardium dumosum Conrad 1870
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†Cardium (Criocardium) dumosum Conrad 1870
†Cardium (Granocardium) dumosum Conrad 1870
†Granocardium enstromi Bergquist 1944
†Granocardium kruschi Riedel 1933
†Granocardium kuemmeli Weller 1907
†Granocardium productum Sowerby 1832
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Invalid names: Cardium (Trachycardium) productum Sowerby 1832 [synonym]
†Granocardium quinquecostatum Douvillé 1916
†Granocardium simplex Douvillé 1916
†Granocardium tenuistriatum Whitfield 1885
†Granocardium whitei Dall 1901
G. Rudicardium
G. †Schedocardia Stewart 1930
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†Plagiocardium (Schedocardia) brewerii hartleyense Clark and Woodford 1927
†Schedocardia brewerii Gabb 1864
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Invalid names: Arca columbiana Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922 [synonym], Cardium oldroydi Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922 [synonym]
†Schedocardia etheringtoni Effinger 1938
†Schedocardia gatunensis Dall 1900
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Invalid names: Fragum (Trigoniocardia) bolivarensis Clark and Durham 1946 [synonym]
†Schedocardia hatchetigbeensis Aldrich 1886
†Schedocardia juncea Olsson 1930
†Schedocardia olequahensis Weaver 1912
G. †Septocardia Hall 1877
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†Septocardia peruviana Cox 1949
†Septocardia typica Hall and Whitfield 1877
G. Vepricardium Iredale 1929
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†Vepricardium asperulum Lamarck 1805
Vepricardium delicatulum Smith 1915
†Vepricardium multispinosum Sowerby 1838
Vepricardium sinense Sowerby 1841
†Vepricardium verrucosum Lamarck 1824
Invalid names: Cardiini [empty], Dinocardiini [empty], Vepricardiini [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Todd 2001, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Longobardian to the top of the Holocene or 239.48000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Collections (1526 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Longobardian | Italy (Trentino) | Cardita crenata (44953) | |
| Julian | Italy | Cardita crenata (137429) Cardita crenata, Cardium ladinum (144634) Palaeocardita crenata (34692 69661 69662 69669 69674 69677 69679 69684 69685 69686 69687 69688) | |
| Carnian | Austria (Tyrol) | Cardita crenata (202331) | |
| Carnian | Hungary (Bakony) | Cardita crenata (203208) | |
| Carnian | USA (nevada) | Septocardia sp. (32766 32767 32768 32769 32771 32773 32774 32776 32792 32793 32795 32797 32799 32810 32811) | |
| Carnian | USA (Nevada) | Septocardia sp. (32512 32514 32519 32520 32521 32523 32526 32527 32532 32533 32535 32541 32667 32670 32725 32728 32742 32752 32753 32756 32757 32759 32761 32762) | |
| Carnian | Italy (South Tyrol) | Cardita crenata (205149) | |
| Carnian | USA (Oregon) | Septocardia sp. (220464) | |
| Carnian - Norian | China (Xizang) | Cardium sp. (85521) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Singapore | Palaeocardita crenata (202320) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Indonesia | Cardium martini (201866 201867 201869 201870) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Mexico (Sonora) | Septocardia sp. (41020) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Chile | Septocardia sp. (29509) | |
| Tuvalian | Serbia | Cardita crenata (56632) | |
| Tuvalian | USA (Nevada) | Septocardia sp. (32540 32731 201916) | |
| Tuvalian | Canada (British Columbia) | Septocardia sp. (49650) | |
| Lacian | Russian Federation | Cardita cloacina (39313) | |
| Lacian | USA (Oregon) | Septocardia sp. (33294 36755) | |
| Lacian - Alaunian | China (Sichuan) | Cardium nequam (25402) | |
| Lacian - Alaunian | Russian Federation | Septocardia typica (136158) | |