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Ctenactis

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Fungiidae

Taxonomy
Ctenactis was named by Verrill (1864) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi R Sepkoski's reference number: 796]. It is extant. Its type is Madrepora echinata.

It was synonymized subjectively with Fungia by Wells (1956).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Fungiidae by Veron (2000), Gittenberger et al. (2011).

Entered
by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by M. Clapham on 2026-04-17

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1864Ctenactis Verrill
2000Ctenactis Veron
2002Ctenactis Sepkoski
2011Ctenactis Gittenberger et al. p. 121

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumCnidariaHatschek 1888
classAnthozoaEhrenberg 1834
Hexacorallia()
orderScleractiniaBourne 1900
RankNameAuthor
suborderFungiinaVerrill 1865
superfamilyFungiicaeDana 1846
familyFungiidaeDana 1846
genusCtenactisVerrill 1864

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Ctenactis Verrill 1864
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Ctenactis crassa Dana 1846
Ctenactis echinata Pallas 1766
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Grouping: colonialf
Clonal: yesf
Environment: marinef
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesf
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: photosymbioticf
Diet 2: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: alternatingo
Asexual: yeso
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2008-02-04 10:27:34
Modified: 2008-02-04 12:31:23
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Pliocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 5.33300 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma

Collections (9 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Indonesia (Java) Fungia echinata (45343 45344)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Papua New Guinea Fungia echinata (42736)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Indonesia (Aceh) Fungia echinata (63127)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Indonesia (South Sulawesi) Fungia echinata (124784)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Indonesia Fungia echinata (45339)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Indonesia (Maluku) Herpetolitha crassa (127815)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Saudi Arabia C. echinata (80963 201414)