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Billingsellida

Strophomenata - Billingsellida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1893Billingsellida Schuchert
2000Billingsellida Williams et al. p. 689
2003Billingsellida Benedetto
2005Billingsellida Zhan and Jin p. 386
2009Billingsellida Popov et al.
2017Billingsellida Liljeroth et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classStrophomenataWilliams et al 1996
orderBillingsellida
orderBillingsellida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Billingsellida Schuchert 1893
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Subor. †Billingsellidina Schuchert 1893
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Superfm. †Billingselloidea Schuchert 1893
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Fm. †Billingsellidae Schuchert 1893
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G. †Billingsella Hall and Clarke 1892
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Subg. †Billingsella (Otusia) Walcott 1905
†Billingsella aliena Nikitin 1956
†Billingsella anomala Walcott 1905
†Billingsella appalachia Walcott 1905
†Billingsella bivia Walcott 1912
†Billingsella corrugata Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Billingsella costata Zhan et al. 2010
†Billingsella dice Walcott 1905
†Billingsella exporrecta Linnarsson 1876
†Billingsella harlanensis Walcott 1905
†Billingsella hicksi Davidson 1868
†Billingsella holtedahli Walcott 1924
†Billingsella lindstromi Linarsson 1876
†Billingsella major Walcott 1905
†Billingsella marion Walcott 1908
†Billingsella obscura Walcott 1905
†Billingsella orientalis Whitfield 1884
†Billingsella perfecta Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Billingsella plicatella Walcott 1905
†Billingsella pumpellyi Walcott 1905
†Billingsella richthofeni Walcott 1905
†Billingsella saffordi Walcott 1905
†Billingsella salemensis Walcott 1887
†Billingsella seletensis Nikitin 1956
†Billingsella striata Walcott 1905
†Billingsella tonkiniana Mansuy 1915
†Billingsella uniplicata Popov et al. 2011
†Billingsella whitfieldi Walcott 1884
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†Cymbithyris hami Cooper 1952
G. †Kozhuchinella Severgina 1967
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†Kozhuchinella mariinica Severgina 1967
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†Saccogonum arenosum Mergl et al. 1998
†Saccogonum salebrosum Mergl et al. 1998
G. †Xenorthis
Invalid names: Eoorthinae Walcott 1908 [empty]
Fm. †Chaniellidae Benedetto 2009
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G. †Chaniella Benedetto 2009
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†Chaniella pascuali Benedetto 2009
Subor. †Clitambonitidina Opik 1934
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Superfm. †Clitambonitoidea Winchell and Schuchert 1893
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Fm. †Arctohedridae Williams et al. 2000
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†Arctohedra alata Roberts and Jell 1990
†Arctohedra pyramidalis Aksarina 1975
Fm. †Clitambonitidae Winchell and Schuchert 1893
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G. †Apomatella Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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†Apomatella ingrica Pahlen 1877
†Apomatella secunda Öpik 1939
G. †Atelelasma Cooper 1956
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†Atelelasma decorticatum Cooper 1956
†Atelelasma dorsoconvexum Cooper 1956
†Atelelasma longisulcum Liljeroth et al. 2017
†Atelelasma multicosta Hudson 1905
†Atelelasma perfectum Cooper 1956
†Atelelasma primotica Ross and Barnes 1967
†Atelelasma subdorsoconvexum Rozman and Severgina 1983
G. †Clinambon Schuchert and Cooper 1932
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†Clinambon anomala von Schlotheim 1822
†Clinambon anomalus Schlotheim 1822
†Clinambon inflatus Opik 1934
G. †Clitambonites Pander 1830
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Subg. †Clitambonites (Hemipronites) Pander 1830
†Clitambonites adscendens Eichwald 1861
†Clitambonites anomalus Schlotheim 1822
†Clitambonites maximus Pander 1830
†Clitambonites schmidti Pahlen 1877
†Clitambonites squamatus Pahlen 1877
Subfm. †Clitambonitinae Schuchert and Cooper 1932
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G. †Iru Opik 1934
G. †Ladogiella Opik 1934
G. †Fistulogonites Neuman 1971
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G. †Hemipronites Pander 1830
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†Hemipronites excelsa Pander 1830
†Hemipronites tumida Pander 1830
G. †Ilmarinia Opik 1934
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†Ilmarinia dimorpha Opik 1934
†Ilmarinia ponderosa Opik 1934
†Ilmarinia sinuata Pahlen 1877
G. †Lacunarites Opik 1934
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†Lacunarites ilmatar Opik 1934
†Lacunarites ornatus Eichwald 1840
G. †Palaeoneumania Hansen and Harper 2005
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†Palaeoneumania paucicostata Egerquist 2003
Invalid names: Neumania Bruton and Harper 1981 [replaced]
G. †Starnikoviella Baranov 2017
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G. †Vellamo Opik 1930
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†Vellamo aenigma Opik 1934
†Vellamo ambisulcata Opik 1934
†Vellamo anijana Opik 1934
†Vellamo defecta Opik 1934
†Vellamo diconvexa Nasedkina 1970
†Vellamo diversa Shaler 1865
†Vellamo emarginata Pahlen 1877
†Vellamo grayiae Davidson 1883
†Vellamo leigeri Opik 1934
†Vellamo magna Opik 1934
†Vellamo mitra Nasedkina 1970
†Vellamo oandoensis Opik 1934
†Vellamo parva Opik 1930
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Invalid names: Vellamo rara Opik 1934 [synonym]
†Vellamo phrygia Opik 1934
†Vellamo praeemarginata Alichova 1953
†Vellamo putukuneiensis Oradovskaya 1977
†Vellamo pyramidalis Pahlen 1877
†Vellamo sauramoi Opik 1934
†Vellamo shallockiense Davidson 1883
†Vellamo silurica Opik 1934
†Vellamo simplex Opik 1930
†Vellamo sinclairi Wilson 1946
†Vellamo sulcata Wright 1964
†Vellamo sulculata Wright 1964
†Vellamo summa Bondarev 1968
†Vellamo symmetrica Opik 1934
†Vellamo trentonensis Raymond 1921
†Vellamo typylica Nasedkina 1970
†Vellamo verneuili Eichwald 1843
†Vellamo verneuilii Eichwald 1843
†Vellamo wesenbergiensis Pahlen 1877
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Invalid names: Vellamo wesenbergensis Pahlen 1877 [synonym]
Invalid names: Atelelasmatinae Cooper 1956 [empty]
Fm. †Gonambonitidae Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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G. †Atelelasmoidea Zeng 1987
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†Atelelasmoidea typica Zeng 1987
G. †Estlandia Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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†Estlandia hispida Zuykov and Hints 2002
†Estlandia marginata Pahlen 1877
†Estlandia pyron Eichwald 1840
†Estlandia seidlitzi Rubel 1963
G. †Gonambonites Pander 1830
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†Gonambonites lata Pander 1830
†Gonambonites latus Pander 1830
†Gonambonites parallelus Pander 1830
G. †Jaanussonites Neuman 1976
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†Jaanussonites hornei Neuman 1976
G. †Kullervo Opik 1932
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†Kullervo aluverensis Opik 1934
†Kullervo complectens Wiman 1907
†Kullervo grandis Cocks 2014
†Kullervo intacta Opik 1934
†Kullervo lacunata Opik 1934
†Kullervo ornata Cooper 1956
†Kullervo panderi Opik 1930
†Kullervo parva Cooper 1956
†Kullervo sulcata Cooper 1956
G. †Oslogonites Öpik 1939
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†Oslogonites orthoides Opik 1939
†Oslogonites septatus Rubel 1963
Subfm. †Progonambonitinae Rubel 1963
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G. †Progonambonites Öpik 1934
Invalid names: Gonambonitinae Schuchert and Cooper 1931 [empty]
Superfm. †Gonambonitacea Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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Fm. †Kullervoidae Opik 1934
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Invalid names: Kullervoinae Opik 1934 [empty]
Superfm. †Polytoechioidea Opik 1934
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Fm. †Polytoechiidae Opik 1934
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+
†Acanthotoechia hibernica Williams and Curry 1985
G. †Eremotoechia Cooper 1956
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†Eremotoechia alabamensis Cooper 1956
†Eremotoechia cloudi Cooper 1956
†Eremotoechia inchoata Popov et al. 2001
†Eremotoechia silicica Cooper 1956
†Eremotoechia spissa Popov et al. 2001
G. †Martellia Wirth 1936
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†Martellia ichangensis Wang 1956
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Invalid names: Martellia fenxiangensis Zeng 1977 [synonym]
†Martellia mesocosta Benedetto 1987
†Martellia reliqua Popov et al. 2001
†Martellia shabdjerehensis Percival et al. 2009
†Martellia talacostensis Benedetto 1987
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†Platytoechia boucoti Neuman 1964
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†Polytoechia inaequistriata Ulrich and Cooper 1938
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†Protambonites hooshangi Popov et al. 2009
†Protambonites lermontovae Andreeva 1960
†Protambonites soror Barrande 1879
G. †Raunites
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†Raunites janischewskyi Lessnikow 1924
†Raunites venusta Opik 1934
Invalid names: Rauna Öpik 1932 [replaced]
G. †Tritoechia Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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Subg. †Tritoechia (Parvitritoechia) Benedetto et al. 2003
Subg. †Tritoechia (Tritoechia) Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Tritoechia alta Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Tritoechia billingsi Neuman 1968
†Tritoechia careyi Brown 1948
†Tritoechia crassa Popov et al. 2001
†Tritoechia delicatula Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Tritoechia karmbergensis Laurie 1980
†Tritoechia kendyktasica Rukavishnikova 1961
†Tritoechia lewisi Brown 1948
†Tritoechia mollesensis Benedetto 2003
†Tritoechia quebecensis Ulrich and Foerste 1936
†Tritoechia sinuata Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Tritoechia tokmakensis Popov et al. 2001
†Tritoechia typica Schuchert and Cooper 1932
Fm. †Tritoechiidae Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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G. †Korinevskia Popov et al. 2001
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†Korinevskia akbulakensis Andreeva 1960
G. †Pinatotoechia Benedetto 2001
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†Pinatotoechia acantha Benedetto 2001
Subfm. †Tritoechiinae Ulrich and Cooper
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G. †Pomatotrema Ulrich and Cooper 1932
Invalid names: Clitambonitacea Winchell and Schuchert 1893 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Surficial, non-motile attached, suspension feeder according to Bambach et al (2007).o
Created: 2009-09-21 12:54:52
Modified: 2009-09-21 14:54:52
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Bambach et al. 2007, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Dyeran to the top of the Porkuni or 515.30000 to 443.70000 Ma

Collections (847 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cambrian538.8 - 485.4USA (Wisconsin) Billingsella sp. (250)
Dyeran515.3 - 511.2USA (California) Billingsella bivia (226565 226569)
Solvan510.2 - 504.5USA (Alaska) Arctohedra minima, Arctohedra mertiei (219912)
Solvan510.2 - 504.5Australia (New South Wales) Arctohedra alata (56531)
Middle Cambrian509.0 - 497.0Kyrgyzstan Arctohedra pyramidalis (116223 192056)
Floran - Undillan504.5 - 500.5Antarctica Billingsella sp. (69505)
Floran - Undillan504.5 - 500.5Australia (New South Wales) Arctohedra austrina (9394)
Mayan - Furongian504.5 - 485.4Iran (Semnan) Billingsella sp. (22821)
Guzhangian500.5 - 497.0Spain Billingsella jalonensis, Billingsella perarea (197252)
Maentwrogian497.0 - 496.8Australia (Tasmania) Billingsella sp. (8084)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) Kullervo grandis (185115 185145 185147) Vellamo diversa (8293)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (England) Kullervo sp., Vellamo sp. (3667)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2Belgium Kullervo complectens (185305 185308) Vellamo sp. (185316)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian448.8 - 443.4United Kingdom (Wales) Vellamo diversa (8292)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian448.8 - 443.4United Kingdom Kullervo complectens (165230)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian448.8 - 443.4Norway (Oslo-Asker Dist.) Kullervo sp., Vellamo sp. (365)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Estonia Vellamo silurica, Vellamo aenigma, Ilmarinia ponderosa (158490)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Norway (Oslo-Asker Dist.) Kullervo sp. (441)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Canada (Quebec) Vellamo diversa (158774 163765 163767)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Canada (Québec) Vellamo diversa (24336)