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Brachychirotherium
Taxonomy
Brachychirotherium was named by Beurlen (1950). It is considered to be a form taxon.
It was synonymized subjectively with Chirotherium by Haubold (1969).
It was assigned to Thecodontia by Kuhn (1971); to Pseudosuchia by Demathieu and Haubold (1972); to Archosauria by Rainforth (2003); to Crurotarsi by Gand and Demathieu (2005) and Lucas et al. (2006); to Aetosauria by Weems (2006) and Hunt and Lucas (2007); and to Chirotheriidae by Kuhn (1963), Haubold (1971), Demathieu and Gand (1973), Haubold (1974), Gand (1974), Olsen and Galton (1984), Demathieu (1989), Ptaszynski (2000) and Klein and Lucas (2021).
It was synonymized subjectively with Chirotherium by Haubold (1969).
It was assigned to Thecodontia by Kuhn (1971); to Pseudosuchia by Demathieu and Haubold (1972); to Archosauria by Rainforth (2003); to Crurotarsi by Gand and Demathieu (2005) and Lucas et al. (2006); to Aetosauria by Weems (2006) and Hunt and Lucas (2007); and to Chirotheriidae by Kuhn (1963), Haubold (1971), Demathieu and Gand (1973), Haubold (1974), Gand (1974), Olsen and Galton (1984), Demathieu (1989), Ptaszynski (2000) and Klein and Lucas (2021).
Species
B. circaparvum, B. eyermani, B. gallicum, B. harrasense, B. hauboldi, B. hessei, B. kalkowensis, B. kuhni, B. lorteti, B. pachydactylum, B. paraparvum, B. parvum (syn. Agrestipus hottoni, Chirotherium copei), B. praeparvum, B. thuringiacum (syn. B. dulcis, B. hassfurtense, B. coburgense), B. wiorense
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1950 | Brachychirotherium Beurlen p. 316 |
1963 | Brachychirotherium Kuhn p. 75 |
1971 | Brachychirotherium Haubold p. 55 |
1971 | Brachychirotherium Kuhn p. 23 |
1972 | Brachychirotherium Demathieu and Haubold p. 805 |
1973 | Brachychirotherium Demathieu and Gand p. 11 |
1974 | Brachychirotherium Gand p. 9 |
1974 | Brachychirotherium Haubold p. 40 |
1984 | Brachychirotherium Olsen and Galton p. 95 |
1989 | Brachychirotherium Demathieu p. 202 |
2000 | Brachychirotherium Ptaszynski p. 158 |
2003 | Brachychirotherium Rainforth pp. 824-826 |
2005 | Brachychirotherium Gand and Demathieu p. 726 |
2006 | Brachychirotherium Lucas et al. p. 114 |
2006 | Brachychirotherium Weems p. 376 |
2007 | Brachychirotherium Hunt and Lucas p. 216 |
2021 | Brachychirotherium Klein and Lucas p. 14 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Brachychirotherium Beurlen 1950
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†Brachychirotherium circaparvum Demathieu 1971
†Brachychirotherium eyermani Baird 1957
†Brachychirotherium gallicum Willruth 1917
†Brachychirotherium harrasense Haubold 1967
†Brachychirotherium hauboldi Ptaszynski 1990
†Brachychirotherium hessei Soergel 1925
†Brachychirotherium kalkowensis Niedzwiedzki and Ptaszynski 2007
†Brachychirotherium kuhni Demathieu and Haubold 1982
†Brachychirotherium lorteti Haubold 1970
†Brachychirotherium pachydactylum Demathieu and Gand 1973
†Brachychirotherium paraparvum Demathieu and Oosterink 1988
†Brachychirotherium parvum Hitchcock 1889
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Invalid names: Agrestipus hottoni Weems 1987 [synonym], Chirotherium copei Bock 1952 [synonym]
†Brachychirotherium praeparvum Haubold 1967
†Brachychirotherium thuringiacum Rühle von Lilienstern 1938
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Invalid names: Brachychirotherium coburgense Aumann 1957 [synonym], Brachychirotherium dulcis Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Brachychirotherium hassfurtense Beurlen 1950 [synonym]
†Brachychirotherium wiorense Ptaszynski 2000
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. Klein and S. G. Lucas 2021 | Chirotheriid trackways of a quadruped with plantigrade to semidigitigrade posture of the pes and manus. Pentadactyl pes imprint with rounded to oval shape and broad plantar surface. Pedal digit group I–IV nearly as wide as long and with an overall divarication of more than 40°. Digits moderately spread, relatively short and broad with robust, rounded pads and narrow claws, digits III and II longest, digit IV always preserved. Pedal digit V lacks a separated phalangeal segment or shows an indistinct trace of it, which is anteriorly oriented, but never recurved. In comparison with the pes, the manus imprint is much smaller, and manual digit group I–IV is mostly wider than long, but otherwise of a shape similar to the pes. Trackways with narrow pattern and relatively high pace angulation (160°), moderate outward rotation of the pes and stronger outward rotation of the manus. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Benton 1983 |
Age range: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Sinemurian or 251.20000 to 190.80000 Ma
Collections (88 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Spathian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | Chirotherium hauboldi, B. kalkowensis, B. kuhni (118063) | |
Olenekian | Morocco (Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz) | B. sp. (149976) | |
Anisian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | B. sp. (194584) | |
Anisian | France (Languedoc-Rousillon) | B. circaparvum (199936) | |
Anisian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | B. sp. (175801) | |
Anisian | Netherlands (Gelderland) | B. circaparvum (96875) | |
Illyrian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | B. sp. (196816) | |
Illyrian | Italy | B. parvum (154341) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | B. sp. (199933 201284) Chirotherium parvum, B. circaparvum (31310) Chirotherium parvum, B. sp., B. gallicum, B. circaparvum (192151) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | B. pachydactylum (68223) B. pachydactylum, B. circaparvum (28462 62182) B. pachydactylum, B. circaparvum, B. sp. (62183) B. sp. (31312 68222 68906 199909) Chirotherium sp. (24834 199911) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Saône-et-Loire) | B. sp. (36226) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Burgundy) | Chirotherium sp. (199935) | |
Middle Triassic | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | B. sp., B. pachydactylum, B. lorteti (28092) | |
Middle Triassic | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Chirotherium parvum (201285) | |
Ladinian - Carnian | Switzerland (Valais) | B. sp. (220870) | |
Carnian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | B. sp. (195710 230176 230177 230178 230179 230180) | |
Carnian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | B. parvum (55416) | |
Carnian | USA (North Carolina) | B. sp., B. sp. (55526) | |
Carnian | Poland (Slaskie) | B. sp. (110468) | |
Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Pennsylvania) | B. sp. (231785) | |
Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Utah) | B. sp. (32300 184625 219951 219952) | |
Late/Upper Triassic | Morocco (Casablanca-Settat) | B. parvum (222596 222597) | |
Norian | USA (New Jersey) | B. parvum, B. eyermani (55412) B. sp. (227830) Chirotherium eyermani, Chirotherium copei, Anomoepus major (46622) Chirotherium sp. (55418) | |
Norian | USA (Virginia) | B. parvum (154230) | |
Norian | USA (Arizona) | B. sp. (84187) | |
Norian | USA (Pennsylvania) | B. eyermani (55414 55415) B. sp. (54144 84111 84114 84116) | |
Norian | USA (Colorado) | B. sp. (55259 84185 192751) | |
Norian | USA (New Mexico) | B. eyermani (52168) B. sp. (46560 83328 83959 84021) | |
Norian | Germany (Thuringia) | Chirotherium thuringiacum (186885 186886) | |
Norian | USA (New York) | B. sp., B. eyermani (57917) | |
Norian | USA (Oklahoma) | B. sp. (192752) | |
Norian | Argentina (La Rioja) | Chirotherioidea indet. (85569) | |
Norian | Germany | B. hassfurtense (170320) | |
Norian - Rhaetian | USA (Utah) | B. sp. (57012 83555 193017 193018 193020 193244) | |
Lacian - Alaunian | USA (Virginia) | Agrestipus hottoni (68890) B. parvum (68889) | |
Rhaetian | USA (Colorado) | B. sp. (192942 193012) | |
Rhaetian | USA (Utah) | B. sp. (192896 192897 192915 192916 192941) | |
Rhaetian | USA (Pennsylvania) | B. sp. (62766 62767 132244) | |
Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Quthing) | Pseudotetrasauropus dulcis (56003) |