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Taxonomy
Phoca caspica was named by Nilsson (1837). It is extant.
It was recombined as Callocephalus caspicus by Gray (1850); it was recombined as Callocephalus caspica by Gray (1866); it was recombined as Phoca (Pusa) caspica by Allen (1880) and McLaren (1960); it was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) caspica by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Pusa hispida caspica by Trouessart (1904); it was recombined as Pusa caspica by Gmelin (1788), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Rice (1998), Koretsky (2001), Deméré et al. (2003), Davis et al. (2004), Koretsky and Barnes (2006), Berta and Churchill (2012), Cullen et al. (2014), Berta et al. (2018) and Kienle and Berta (2019).
It was recombined as Callocephalus caspicus by Gray (1850); it was recombined as Callocephalus caspica by Gray (1866); it was recombined as Phoca (Pusa) caspica by Allen (1880) and McLaren (1960); it was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) caspica by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Pusa hispida caspica by Trouessart (1904); it was recombined as Pusa caspica by Gmelin (1788), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Rice (1998), Koretsky (2001), Deméré et al. (2003), Davis et al. (2004), Koretsky and Barnes (2006), Berta and Churchill (2012), Cullen et al. (2014), Berta et al. (2018) and Kienle and Berta (2019).
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1788 | Pusa caspica Gmelin |
| 1837 | Phoca caspica Nilsson |
| 1850 | Callocephalus caspicus Gray p. 23 |
| 1866 | Callocephalus caspica Gray p. 221 |
| 1880 | Phoca (Pusa) caspica Allen p. 609 |
| 1898 | Phoca (Phoca) caspica Trouessart p. 385 |
| 1904 | Pusa hispida caspica Trouessart p. 288 |
| 1927 | Phoca caspia Bogachev p. 140 |
| 1960 | Phoca (Pusa) caspica McLaren p. 48 |
| 1963 | Pusa caspica Scheffer and Rice p. 3 |
| 1990 | Phoca caspica Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2 |
| 1998 | Pusa caspica Rice p. 42 |
| 2001 | Pusa caspica Koretsky p. 85 |
| 2003 | Pusa caspica Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3 |
| 2004 | Pusa caspica Davis et al. p. 365 |
| 2006 | Pusa caspica Koretsky and Barnes p. 148 |
| 2012 | Pusa caspica Berta and Churchill p. 226 |
| 2014 | Pusa caspica Cullen et al. p. 1471 figs. Figure 1 |
| 2018 | Pusa caspica Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2 |
| 2019 | Pusa caspica Kienle and Berta |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Phoca caspica Nilsson 1837
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carreño and Cronin 1993, Gingerich 2003, Nowak 1991 | |||||