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Cytheracea
Taxonomy
Cytheracea was named by Baird (1850). It is extant. Its type is Cytheridae.
It was corrected as Cytheroidea by Liebau (2005), Van Itterbeeck et al. (2007), Crasquin (2008), Carignano and Ballent (2009), Carignano and Varela (2011), Ballent et al. (2011), Babinot and Colin (2011), Carignano (2012), Sebe et al. (2013), Cabral et al. (2014), Carignano and Cusminsky (2015), Wild and Stilwell (2016), Chitnarin (2017), Forel (2017) and Tanaka (2018).
It was assigned to Ostracoda by Musacchio (1973); to Podocopa by Hazel (1983); to Podocopida by Uliana and Musacchio (1978) and Blaszyk (1987); to Nomocytherinina by Liebau (2005); to Podocopina by Bertels (1969), Bertels (1972), Bertels (1973), Bertels (1974), Bertels (1975), Ballent (1980), Ballent (1998), Crasquin (2008), Ballent et al. (2011), Babinot and Colin (2011) and Sebe et al. (2013); to Cytherocopina by Hazel and Holden (1971), Van Itterbeeck et al. (2007), Carignano and Ballent (2009), Carignano and Varela (2011), Carignano (2012), Cabral et al. (2014), Carignano and Cusminsky (2015), Wild and Stilwell (2016) and Chitnarin (2017); to Bairdiocopina by Forel (2017); and to Sigilliocopina by Tanaka (2018).
It was corrected as Cytheroidea by Liebau (2005), Van Itterbeeck et al. (2007), Crasquin (2008), Carignano and Ballent (2009), Carignano and Varela (2011), Ballent et al. (2011), Babinot and Colin (2011), Carignano (2012), Sebe et al. (2013), Cabral et al. (2014), Carignano and Cusminsky (2015), Wild and Stilwell (2016), Chitnarin (2017), Forel (2017) and Tanaka (2018).
It was assigned to Ostracoda by Musacchio (1973); to Podocopa by Hazel (1983); to Podocopida by Uliana and Musacchio (1978) and Blaszyk (1987); to Nomocytherinina by Liebau (2005); to Podocopina by Bertels (1969), Bertels (1972), Bertels (1973), Bertels (1974), Bertels (1975), Ballent (1980), Ballent (1998), Crasquin (2008), Ballent et al. (2011), Babinot and Colin (2011) and Sebe et al. (2013); to Cytherocopina by Hazel and Holden (1971), Van Itterbeeck et al. (2007), Carignano and Ballent (2009), Carignano and Varela (2011), Carignano (2012), Cabral et al. (2014), Carignano and Cusminsky (2015), Wild and Stilwell (2016) and Chitnarin (2017); to Bairdiocopina by Forel (2017); and to Sigilliocopina by Tanaka (2018).
Subtaxa
Atjehella, Bronsteiniana, Climacoidea, Covracytheridae, Cytheralison, Emphasia, Exophthalmocythere, Falunia, Habrocythere, Hemikrithe, Juvenix, Leguminocythereidae, Leptocytheridae, Lymnocytheridae, Mandelstamia, Marslatourella, Mediocytherideis, Naviculina, Neocytherideidae, Paenula, Palaeocytheridea, Pavloviella, Pectocytheridae, Platycythere, Protocytheridae, Pseudocytheromorpha, Pseudocytherura, Pseudokrithe, Pulviella, Rectocythere, Rubracea, Ruttenella, Saida, Segmina, Semicytheridea, Sinusuellidae, Stillina, Taxodiella, Thalmannia, Tomiellidae, Trachyleberidae, Velarocythere, Vicinia
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1850 | Cytheracea Baird |
| 1926 | Bythocytheracea Sars |
| 1969 | Cytheracea Bertels |
| 1971 | Cytheracea Hazel and Holden p. 2 |
| 1972 | Cytheracea Bertels p. 181 |
| 1973 | Cytheracea Bertels |
| 1973 | Cytheracea Musacchio |
| 1974 | Cytheracea Bertels |
| 1975 | Cytheracea Bertels p. 103 |
| 1978 | Cytheracea Uliana and Musacchio |
| 1980 | Cytheracea Ballent |
| 1983 | Cytheracea Hazel p. 99 |
| 1985 | Bythocytheracea Kozur p. 53 |
| 1987 | Cytheracea Blaszyk p. 66 |
| 1998 | Cytheracea Ballent p. 360 |
| 2005 | Bythocytheroidea Liebau p. 120 |
| 2005 | Cytheroidea Liebau p. 121 |
| 2007 | Cytheroidea Van Itterbeeck et al. p. 64 |
| 2008 | Cytheroidea Crasquin p. 252 |
| 2009 | Cytheroidea Carignano and Ballent |
| 2011 | Cytheroidea Babinot and Colin p. 740 |
| 2011 | Cytheroidea Ballent et al. p. 548 |
| 2011 | Cytheroidea Carignano and Varela p. 174 |
| 2012 | Cytheroidea Carignano |
| 2013 | Cytheroidea Sebe et al. p. 518 |
| 2014 | Cytheroidea Cabral et al. p. 519 |
| 2015 | Cytheroidea Carignano and Cusminsky |
| 2016 | Cytheroidea Wild and Stilwell p. 976 |
| 2017 | Cytheroidea Chitnarin p. 680 |
| 2017 | Cytheroidea Forel |
| 2018 | Cytheroidea Tanaka p. 24 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Cytheracea Baird 1850
show all | hide all
G. †Atjehella
G. Climacoidea
G. Cytheralison
G. †Emphasia
G. Falunia
G. †Habrocythere
G. Hemikrithe
G. †Juvenix
Fm. Leguminocythereidae Howe 1961
+
G. †Acuticythereis
G. Basslerites
G. †Leguminocythereis Howe and Law 1936
+
†Leguminocythereis cookei Howe and Law 1936
†Leguminocythereis scarabaeus Howe and Law 1936
†Leguminocythereis verrucosus Howe and Law 1936
†Leguminocythereis whitei Swain 1951
Fm. †Leptocytheridae Hanai 1957
+
G. Callistocythere Ruggieri 1953
+
†Callistocythere gliwicensis Aiello and Szczechura 2004
†Callistocythere quadrangula Ciampo 1984
G. Leptocythere
G. Tanella
Fm. Lymnocytheridae Klie 1938
+
G. Gomphocythere Sars 1924
+
†Gomphocythere paucisulcatus Whatley et al. 2002
†Gomphocythere payunensis Uliana and Musacchio 1978
†Gomphocythere subelliptica Zheng 1976
G. †Mandelstamia
G. †Marslatourella
G. †Mediocytherideis
G. †Naviculina
Fm. †Neocytherideidae Puri 1957
+
G. Neocytherideis Puri 1952
+
†Neocytherideis reticulata Ayress 1995
Invalid names: Sahnia Puri 1952 [synonym]
G. †Paenula
G. †Pavloviella
Fm. Pectocytheridae Hanai 1957
+
G. †Arcacythere
G. †Keijia Teeter 1975
+
†Keijia circulodictyon Ceolin et al. 2015
†Keijia flexuosa Bertels 1975
†Keijia huantraicoensis Bertels 1969
†Keijia kratistos Ceolin et al. 2015
G. Munseyella van Bold 1957
+
†Munseyella costaevermiculatus Ceolin et al. 2015
†Munseyella israelskyi Marianos and Valentine 1958
†Munseyella laurea Bertels 1973
†Munseyella minima Bertels 1975
†Munseyella pseudobrevis Ayress 1995
G. †Paramunseyella
+
†Paramunseyella epaphroditus Ceolin et al. 2015
†Paramunseyella stictus Ceolin et al. 2024
G. †Pectocythere Hanai 1957
G. †Platycythere
G. †Pseudokrithe
G. †Pulviella
G. †Rectocythere
G. †Rubracea
G. †Ruttenella
G. Saida
G. †Segmina
G. †Semicytheridea
G. †Stillina
Fm. †Tomiellidae Mandelstam 1956
+
G. †Iniella
G. †Kemeroviana
G. †Suriekovella
G. †Tomiella
G. †Tomiellina
G. †Velarocythere
G. †Vicinia
Invalid names: Covracytheridae Sohn 1987 [empty], Trachyleberidae Sylvester-Bradley 1948 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Jell and Adrain 2002 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Richmondian to the top of the Holocene or 449.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 445.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 445.5 Ma
Collections (192 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Richmondian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Basslerites sp. (188770) | |
| Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Sinusuella vjatkensis (233370 233448) | |
| Olenekian | Russian Federation (Kalmykia) | Pulviella ovalis (46532) | |
| Ladinian | Russian Federation (Kalmykia) | Pulviella aralsorica (46534) | |
| Carnian | Israel | Cytheracea indet. (41695) | |
| Jamesoni | Turkey | Cytheracea indet. (158460) | |
| Levesquei | Germany | Aaleniella reticulata (59428 59431) | |
| Late/Upper Toarcian | Germany | Aaleniella reticulata (59437 59439 59443 59444 59445 59451 59456) | |
| Early/Lower Aalenian | Germany | Aaleniella reticulata (59457 59469) | |
| Late/Upper Bajocian | Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkessia) | Palaeocytheridea blaszykina (198681) Palaeocytheridea sp. (198673 198674 198680) | |
| Bathonian | Saudi Arabia | Marslatourella sp. (48334) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | Kazakhstan | Aaleniella sp. (64638) | |
| Early/Lower Albian - Cenomanian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Neocytherideis sp. (234986) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Gambia | Bronsteiniana africana (209423) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Antarctica | Mandelstamia antarctica (93953 93954 93955 93956 93957 93958 93959 93960 93961 93962 93963 93964 93965 93966 93967 93968 93969 93970) | |
| Maastrichtian | Argentina (Neuquen) | Cytheromorpha flexuosa (236318) | |
| Maastrichtian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Keijia flexuosa (231996) Keijia flexuosa, Munseyella costaevermiculatus (231993) Keijia flexuosa, Paramunseyella epaphroditus, Munseyella costaevermiculatus (231995 231997) Keijia huantraicoensis, Munseyella costaevermiculatus, Munseyella minima (231998) Paramunseyella epaphroditus (231994) | |
| Maastrichtian | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Gomphocythere paucisulcatus (222692) | |
| Maastrichtian - Danian | Argentina (Rio Negro) | Keijia flexuosa, Munseyella minima (236599 236601) Munseyella laurea (236521) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Paramunseyella stictus (234209 234210 234211) | |
| Danian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Keijia circulodictyon, Keijia kratistos (232007 232008) Keijia huantraicoensis (231999 232000) Keijia kratistos (232009 232010 232014 232015) Keijia kratistos, Keijia flexuosa, Keijia huantraicoensis, Ameghinocythere archaios (232002) Keijia kratistos, Keijia huantraicoensis (232001 232003 232004 232005 232006) Munseyella huantraicoensis, Munseyella laurea (232031) | |
| Danian | Indian Ocean | Leguminocythereis sp., Munseyella sp. (201913) | |
| Paleocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Munseyella hyalokystis (94013) | |
| Thanetian | Indian Ocean | Leguminocythereis sp. (201914) | |
| Eocene | Nigeria (Imo) | Basslerites sp. (42651 42655) | |
| Eocene | Nigeria | Basslerites sp. (46260) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | USA (California) | Munseyella israelskyi (218150) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Eocene | Nigeria | Basslerites sp. (46246) | |
| Lutetian | Nigeria | Basslerites abalidiegwuensis (60711 77257) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Leguminocythereis striatopunctata (41966) | |
| Priabonian | Libya | Leguminocythereis sp. (77237) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Alabama) | Acuticythereis cocoaensis (94153 94154 94155 94156 94157) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | New Zealand (Canterbury) | Arcacythere eocenica, Cytheralison sp., Munseyella dunoona, Munseyella modesta, Saida limbata, Neocytherideis reticulata, Munseyella pseudobrevis (161903) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Mexico (Veracruz) | Leguminocythereis sp. (94173) | |
| Rupelian | Germany | Leguminocythereis sp. (95898) | |
| Oligocene | New Zealand (North Otago) | Cytheralison amiesi (134376) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Puerto Rico | Basslerites sp. (94195) | |
| Chattian | USA (North Carolina) | Leguminocythereis scarabaeus (86499) | |
| Aquitanian | South Africa (North Cape) | Leguminocythereis dinglei, Munseyella africana, Neocytherideis boomeri, Saida sp. (37451) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Basslerites minutus (93916) Basslerites minutus, Munseyella punctata (93913 93917) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Gomphocythere obtusata (22440) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy (Sardinia) | Callistocythere spp. (93941 93942 93943 93945) Callistocythere spp., Callistocythere montana (93944) | |
| Burdigalian | South Africa (North Cape) | Leguminocythereis dinglei, Neocytherideis boomeri, Neocytherideis sp. (37487) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Turkey | Callistocythere sp. (206231) Callistocythere sp., Leptocythere sp., Thalmannia hodgii (206230) Leptocythere sp., Thalmannia hodgii (206195) Thalmannia hodgii (206196 206197) | |
| Middle Miocene | Croatia | Callistocythere egregia, Leptocythere tenuis (68213) | |
| Middle Miocene | Venezuela | Basslerites miocenicus (93920 93921 93922 93923 93926 93928 93930 93931 93932 93933 93935) Basslerites miocenicus, Leguminocythereis sp. (93927) | |
| Middle Miocene - Tortonian | Peru | Leguminocythereis sp. (176144) | |
| Serravallian | Kazakhstan | Euxinocythere naviculata, Euxinocythere pseudonaviculata (174955) Euxinocythere stabilis (174956) Euxinocythere stabilis, Euxinocythere naviculata, Euxinocythere pseudonaviculata, Euxinocythere gerke (174760) | |
| Serravallian | Poland | Callistocythere canaliculata, Callistocythere daedalea, Leptocythere foveolata, Neocytherideis cypria, Pseudocytherura calcarata, Callistocythere gliwicensis (138841 138846 138849) Callistocythere canaliculata, Callistocythere daedalea, Leptocythere foveolata, Pseudocytherura calcarata, Callistocythere gliwicensis (138850) Callistocythere canaliculata, Callistocythere daedalea, Neocytherideis cypria, Pseudocytherura calcarata, Callistocythere gliwicensis (138848) Callistocythere canaliculata, Callistocythere daedalea, Pseudocytherura calcarata, Callistocythere gliwicensis (138851) Callistocythere canaliculata, Callistocythere daedalea, Pseudocytherura calcarata, Saida sp. 1, Callistocythere gliwicensis (138847) Callistocythere daedalea (138857 138858) Callistocythere daedalea, Pseudocytherura calcarata (138859) Callistocythere daedalea, Pseudocytherura calcarata, Callistocythere gliwicensis (138843 138852) Pseudocytherura calcarata (138844) | |
| Sarmatian | Austria | Callistocythere egregia, Callistocythere naca, Leptocythere parallela (73299) | |
| Tortonian | Belgium (Antwerpen) | Callistocythere sp. (48092) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | Basslerites sp., Callistocythere daedalea, Callistocythere scheletrum, Callistocythere quadrangula (138312) Basslerites sp., Callistocythere tetradactyla, Leptocythere sp., Callistocythere quadrangula (138336) Callistocythere joachinoi, Callistocythere montana, Callistocythere scheletrum, Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere sp. 6, Callistocythere sp. 2, Callistocythere sp. 4, Callistocythere sp. 5, Callistocythere quadrangula (138332) Callistocythere joachinoi, Callistocythere montana, Callistocythere sp. 1, Callistocythere sp. 3, Callistocythere quadrangula (138425) Callistocythere joachinoi, Callistocythere montana, Callistocythere tetradactyla, Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere sp. 1, Callistocythere sp. 2, Callistocythere quadrangula (138443) Callistocythere joachinoi, Callistocythere quadrangula (138331 138579) Callistocythere joachinoi, Callistocythere scheletrum, Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere sp. 1, Callistocythere sp. 2, Callistocythere quadrangula (138581) Callistocythere joachinoi, Callistocythere tetradactyla, Callistocythere quadrangula (138428) Callistocythere joachinoi, Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere quadrangula (138578) Callistocythere montana, Callistocythere scheletrum, Callistocythere tetradactyla, Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere sp. 4, Callistocythere sp. 5, Callistocythere quadrangula (138583) Callistocythere montana, Callistocythere sp. 7, Pseudocytherura sp. (138333) Callistocythere quadrangula (138337 138576 138582) Callistocythere scheletrum, Callistocythere tetradactyla, Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere sp. 3, Callistocythere quadrangula (138429) Callistocythere sp. 2, Callistocythere quadrangula (138424) Callistocythere sp. 3, Callistocythere sp. 4, Callistocythere quadrangula (138335) Callistocythere tetradactyla, Callistocythere quadrangula (138584) Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere quadrangula (138334 138575) Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere sp. 2, Callistocythere sp. 3, Callistocythere quadrangula (138580) Callistocythere textilis, Callistocythere tetradactyla, Callistocythere sp. 1, Callistocythere sp. 2, Callistocythere sp. 4, Callistocythere quadrangula (138431) | |
| Tortonian | Panama (Colón) | Basslerites miocenicus (93909) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Croatia | Leptocythere paralella (68219 68221) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Leguminocythereis whitei, Campylocythere laevissima (191407) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Colombia (Atlántico) | Basslerites minutus (93906 93907) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Callistocythere sp. (69899) | |
| Messinian | Georgia | Leptocythere petesa (45928) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | New Zealand | Cytheralison fava, Leptocythere murrayana (73307) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Acuticythereis lavissima, Leptocythere nikravshae, Leptocythere e, Leptocythere f, Campylocythere laeva (52582) | |
| Piacenzian | Kenya | Gomphocythere angulata (21511) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | Gomphocythere expansa (110489) | |
| Gelasian | Kenya | Gomphocythere angulata (21418 21426) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Acuticythereis laevissima, Climacoidea pleurata (41501) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Panama | Munseyella sp. (91912) | |
| Pleistocene | Kenya (Nak-Elment.Basin) | Gomphocythere obtusata (22503) | |
| Calabrian | Kenya | Gomphocythere angulata (21368) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Florida) | Acuticythereis laevissima, Campylocythere sp., Climacoidea pleurata (41705) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | India (Gujarat) | Callistocythere sp., Pectocythere sp. (80599) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | C. sp. (191132) | |
| Holocene | Kenya | Gomphocythere angulata (21437) | |
| Holocene | India | Callistocythere sp., Pectocythere sp. (76319) | |
| Holocene | Kenya (Nak-Elment.Basin) | Gomphocythere obtusata (22502 22504) |