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Rhinopteridae (cow-nosed ray)
Taxonomy
Rhinopteridae was named by Jordan and Evermann (1896). It is extant.
It was reranked as the subfamily Rhinopterinae by Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Masticura by Jordan (1963); to Myliobatoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Myliobatoidea by Cappetta (1987); to Myliobatoidei by van der Laan (2019); to Myliobatidae by Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2022); to Mobuloidea by Popov et al. (2025); and to Myliobatiformes by Jonet (1968), Purdy et al. (2001), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Maisch IV et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cantalice et al. (2025).
It was reranked as the subfamily Rhinopterinae by Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Masticura by Jordan (1963); to Myliobatoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Myliobatoidea by Cappetta (1987); to Myliobatoidei by van der Laan (2019); to Myliobatidae by Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Ebersole et al. (2019), Rana et al. (2021), Cicimurri et al. (2022); to Mobuloidea by Popov et al. (2025); and to Myliobatiformes by Jonet (1968), Purdy et al. (2001), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Maisch IV et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cantalice et al. (2025).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1896 | Rhinopteridae Jordan and Evermann |
| 1963 | Rhinopteridae Jordan p. 605 |
| 1968 | Rhinopteridae Jonet p. 254 |
| 1981 | Rhinopteridae Thurmond and Jones p. 76 |
| 1987 | Rhinopteridae Cappetta p. 172 |
| 2001 | Rhinopteridae Purdy et al. p. 95 |
| 2009 | Rhinopterinae Cicimurri and Knight p. 641 |
| 2016 | Rhinopterinae Nelson et al. p. 94 |
| 2017 | Rhinopteridae Szabo et al. |
| 2018 | Rhinopteridae Kent p. 130 |
| 2019 | Rhinopterinae Ebersole et al. p. 135 |
| 2019 | Rhinopteridae van der Laan p. 46 |
| 2020 | Rhinopteridae Villafaña et al. p. 744 |
| 2021 | Rhinopterinae Rana et al. p. 13 |
| 2022 | Rhinopterinae Cicimurri et al. |
| 2025 | Rhinopteridae Cantalice et al. p. 17 |
| 2025 | Rhinopteridae Cicimurri et al. p. 67 |
| 2025 | Rhinopteridae Maisch IV et al. p. 47 |
| 2025 | Rhinopteridae Popov et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Rhinopteridae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [cow-nosed ray]
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G. Rhinoptera Cuvier 1829 [cownose ray]
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Rhinoptera bonasus Mitchill 1815
Rhinoptera brasiliensis Muller and Henle 1841 [Brazilian cownose ray]
†Rhinoptera daviesii Woodward 1889
†Rhinoptera dubius Leidy 1855
†Rhinoptera maja Udovichenko and Nessov 1987
†Rhinoptera marginata Saint-Hilaire 1809
†Rhinoptera prisca Woodward 1907
†Rhinoptera raeburni White 1934
†Rhinoptera rasilis Bohm 1926
†Rhinoptera schultzi Hiden 1995
†Rhinoptera sherboni White 1926
†Rhinoptera sherborni White 1926
†Rhinoptera smithi Jordan and Beal 1910
†Rhinoptera studeri Agassiz 1843
†Rhinoptera woodwardi Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Micromesus Gill 1865 [synonym], Mylorhina Gill 1865 [synonym], Trikeras Harless 1850 [synonym], Trycera Doderlein 1884 [synonym], Zygobatis Agassiz 1838 [synonym]
G. †Zygzabatis Mendiola 1995
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Wagner 2023 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Cenomanian to the top of the Gelasian or 100.50000 to 1.80000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Collections (180 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Egypt | Rhinoptera sp. (214509) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Rhinoptera prisca (167994) | |
| Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | Rhinoptera sp. (60397) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (New Jersey) | Rhinoptera sp. (26819) | |
| Danian | USA (Arkansas) | Rhinoptera sp. (206776) | |
| Paleocene | Angola (Cabinda) | Rhinoptera raeburni (242404) | |
| Paleocene - Eocene | Angola (Cabinda) | Rhinoptera raeburni (275419) | |
| Selandian | Congo-Kinshasa | Rhinoptera raeburni (275408) | |
| Selandian | Nigeria | Rhinoptera sp. (7791) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Mississippi) | Rhinoptera sp. (62872) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | Rhinoptera sp. (3113) | |
| Thanetian | Togo | Rhinoptera raeburni (241258) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (South Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. (15074) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhinoptera davisesi (13299) | |
| Ypresian | Angola | Rhinoptera sp. (83987) | |
| Ypresian | Senegal | Rhinoptera sp. (209379) | |
| Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Rhinopteridae indet. (55494) | |
| Ypresian | USA (South Carolina) | Eorhinoptera grabdai (203258) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Virginia) | Rhinoptera sherboni (15595) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Rhinoptera sp. (81179 209524) | |