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Triakidae (hound shark)
Taxonomy
Triakidae was named by Gray (1851). It is extant.
It was assigned to Carchariniformes by Underwood et al. (1999), Cahuzac et al. (2007); and to Carcharhiniformes by Cappetta (1992), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Long and Stilwell (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Underwood (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Feichtinger et al. (2024), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Carchariniformes by Underwood et al. (1999), Cahuzac et al. (2007); and to Carcharhiniformes by Cappetta (1992), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Long and Stilwell (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Underwood (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Ebersole et al. (2019), Feichtinger et al. (2024), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1851 | Triakidae Gray |
1992 | Triakidae Cappetta p. 644 |
1993 | Triakidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 9 |
1999 | Triakidae Underwood et al. p. 292 |
2000 | Triakidae Long and Stilwell p. 350 |
2001 | Triakidae Purdy et al. p. 139 |
2006 | Triakidae Underwood p. 234 |
2007 | Triakidae Cahuzac et al. p. 25 |
2009 | Triakidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 635 |
2016 | Triakidae Nelson et al. p. 70 |
2017 | Triakidae Engelbrecht et al. p. 2 |
2018 | Triakidae Kent p. 104 |
2019 | Triakidae Ebersole et al. p. 61 |
2024 | Triakidae Ebersole et al. p. 7 |
2024 | Triakidae Feichtinger et al. p. 16 |
2025 | Triakidae Cicimurri et al. p. 34 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Triakidae Gray 1851 [hound shark]
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G. Galeorhinus de Blainville and Prévost 1816 [school shark]
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†Galeorhinus cuvieri Agassiz 1835
†Galeorhinus duchaussoisi Adnet and Cappetta 2008
†Galeorhinus falconeri White 1956
†Galeorhinus galeus Linnaeus 1758
†Galeorhinus girardoti Herman 1977
†Galeorhinus goncalvesi Antunes et al. 1999
†Galeorhinus hannibali Jordan and Beal 1910
†Galeorhinus huberensis Case 1981
†Galeorhinus louisi Adnet and Cappetta 2008
†Galeorhinus mesetaensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Galeorhinus minor Agassiz 1835
†Galeorhinus minutissimus Arambourg 1935
†Galeorhinus pulchellus Jonet 1966
†Galeorhinus ypresiensis Casier 1946
Invalid names: Eugaleus Gill 1864 [synonym]
G. †Hypogaleus Smith 1957
G. †Palaeogaleus Gurr 1963
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†Palaeogaleus brivesi Arambourg 1952
†Palaeogaleus dahmanii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus faujasi Geyn 1937
†Palaeogaleus havreensis Herman 1977
†Palaeogaleus larachei Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus navarroensis Case and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus prior Arambourg 1952
†Palaeogaleus sublaevis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus vincenti Daimeries 1889
G. †Paratriakis
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†Paratriakis bettrechiensis Herman 1977
†Paratriakis curtirostris Davis 1887
†Paratriakis decheni von der Marck 1863
†Paratriakis robustus Guinot et al. 2013
†Paratriakis tenuis Underwood and Ward 2008
Tr. Triakini Linck 1790
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G. Triakis Müller and Henle 1838
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†Triakis antunesi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Triakis beali Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Triakis chalossensis Adnet 2006
†Triakis rutimeyeri Casier 1958
†Triakis tanoutensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
Invalid names: Triakinae Gray 1851 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Hauterivian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 132.60000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.77 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.77 Ma
Collections (238 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Triakidae indet. (66420) | |
Late/Upper Turonian | Germany | Paratriakis sp. (228230) | |
Middle Turonian | France (Ardennes) | Paratriakis bettrechiensis (213564) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | Israel | Galeorhinus sp. (214861) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | United Kingdom (England) | Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis sp. (213381) Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis, Loxodon sp. (213377) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | Lebanon | Paratriakis curtirostris (92241) Thyellina curtirostris (221155) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | France (Aisne) | Paratriakis sp. 1 (213563) | |
Middle Santonian | United Kingdom (England) | Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis (213376) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | France (Somme) | Paratriakis robustus (213565) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skåne) | Palaeogaleus sp., Paratriakis sp., Galeorhinus sp. (74334) Paratriakis sp., Galeorhinus sp. (102883) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Paratriakis decheni (31992) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Germany | Palaeogaleus havreensis (228234) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden | Paratriakis sp. (102885) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | United Kingdom (England) | Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis (213378) Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis, Paratriakis sp. (213379) Paratriakis robustus (213561) Paratriakis sp. 1, Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis sp. (213382) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Götaland) | Palaeogaleus sp., Paratriakis sp., Galeorhinus sp. (102886) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skane) | Paratriakis sp. (106411) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | France (Ardennes) | Paratriakis sp. 2 (157587) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | France | Palaeogaleus faujasi (61351) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Wyoming) | Archaeotriakis ornatus (70499) Archaeotriakis ornatus, Archaeotriakis rochelleae (70451 70455) Archaeotriakis rochelleae (70269) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Archaeotriakis rochelleae (69150) |