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Triakidae (hound shark)

Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1851Triakidae Gray
1992Triakidae Cappetta p. 644
1993Triakidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 9
1999Triakidae Underwood et al. p. 292
2000Triakidae Long and Stilwell p. 350
2001Triakidae Purdy et al. p. 139
2006Triakidae Underwood p. 234
2007Triakidae Cahuzac et al. p. 25
2009Triakidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 635
2016Triakidae Nelson et al. p. 70
2017Triakidae Engelbrecht et al. p. 2
2018Triakidae Kent p. 104
2019Triakidae Ebersole et al. p. 61
2024Triakidae Ebersole et al. p. 7
2024Triakidae Feichtinger et al. p. 16
2025Triakidae Cicimurri et al. p. 34
2025Triakidae Maisch IV et al. p. 18

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
RankNameAuthor
infraclassElasmobranchii(Bonaparte 1838)
—Euselachii()
—NeoselachiiCompagno 1977
superorderGaleomorphiiCompagno 1973
orderCarcharhiniformesCompagno 1973
familyTriakidaeGray 1851
familyTriakidaeGray 1851

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Triakidae Gray 1851 [hound shark]
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G. †Archaeotriakis Case 1978
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Subfm. Galeorhininae Gill 1862
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Tr. Galeorhinini Gill 1862
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G. Galeorhinus de Blainville and Prévost 1816 [school shark]
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†Galeorhinus cuvieri Agassiz 1835
†Galeorhinus duchaussoisi Adnet and Cappetta 2008
†Galeorhinus falconeri White 1956
Galeorhinus galeus Linnaeus 1758 [tope shark]
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Invalid names: Galeorhinus zyopterus Jordan and Gilbert 1883 [synonym]
†Galeorhinus girardoti Herman 1977
†Galeorhinus goncalvesi Antunes et al. 1999
†Galeorhinus hannibali Jordan and Beal 1910
†Galeorhinus loangoensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Galeorhinus louisi Adnet and Cappetta 2008
†Galeorhinus mesetaensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Galeorhinus minor Agassiz 1835
†Galeorhinus minutissimus Arambourg 1935
†Galeorhinus parvulus Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Galeorhinus ypresiensis Casier 1946
Invalid names: Eugaleus Gill 1864 [synonym]
G. †Gomphogaleus Adnet and Cappetta 2008
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†Gomphogaleus rodgersi Case 1994
G. †Hypogaleus Smith 1957
G. †Khouribgaleus Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
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†Khouribgaleus gomphorhiza Arambourg 1952
G. †Pachygaleus Cappetta 1992
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†Pachygaleus lefevrei Daimeries 1891
Tr. Iagini Compagno 1973
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G. Iago Compagno and Springer 1971
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†Iago angustidens Cappetta 1973
G. †Xystrogaleus Adnet 2006
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†Xystrogaleus cappettai Adnet 2006
G. †Palaeotriakis Guinot et al. 2013
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†Palaeotriakis subserratus Underwood and Ward 2008
G. †Squatigaleus Cappetta 1989
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†Squatigaleus atlasi Cappetta 1989
†Squatigaleus carinatus Cappetta 1991
†Squatigaleus grandjeani Cappetta 1991
†Squatigaleus sulphurensis Case and Cappetta 1997
†Squatigaleus vianeyi Cappetta 1989
Subfm. Triakinae Gray 1851
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†Mustelus biddlei Baut and Génault 1995
Mustelus californicus Gill 1864 [gray smoothhound]
Mustelus henlei Gill 1863 [brown smooth-hound]
Mustelus mustelus Linnaeus 1758
†Mustelus vanderhoefti Herman 1982
†Mustelus whitei Cappetta 1976
G. †Palaeogaleus Gurr 1963
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†Palaeogaleus brivesi Arambourg 1952
†Palaeogaleus dahmanii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus faujasi Geyn 1937
†Palaeogaleus havreensis Herman 1977
†Palaeogaleus larachei Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus navarroensis Case and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus prior Arambourg 1952
†Palaeogaleus sublaevis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeogaleus vincenti Daimeries 1889
G. †Paratriakis Herman 1977
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†Paratriakis decheni von der Marck 1863
†Paratriakis robustus Guinot et al. 2013
†Paratriakis tenuis Underwood and Ward 2008
G. Triakis Müller and Henle 1838
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†Triakis antunesi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Triakis beali Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Triakis chalossensis Adnet 2006
†Triakis costamagnai Cappetta and Nolf 1991
†Triakis kelleri Hovestadt and Hovestadt-Euler 2002
†Triakis rutimeyeri Casier 1958
Triakis semifasciata Girard 1855 [leopard shark]
†Triakis tanoutensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Triakis wardi Cappetta 1976
Tr. Triakini Linck 1790
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G. †Kallodentis Engelbrecht et al. 2017
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†Kallodentis rhytistemma Engelbrecht et al. 2017
G. †Meridiogaleus Engelbrecht et al. 2017
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†Meridiogaleus cristatus Engelbrecht et al. 2017
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2009-07-21 06:53:24
Modified: 2009-07-21 08:53:24
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Hauterivian to the top of the Holocene or 132.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.77 Ma

Collections (325 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77United Kingdom (England) Triakidae indet. (66420)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8France Paratriakis bettrechiensis (241894)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8France (Ardennes) Paratriakis bettrechiensis (213564)
Middle Turonian93.9 - 89.8Germany Paratriakis sp. (228230)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6United Kingdom (England) Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis sp. (213381) Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis, Loxodon sp. (213377)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Lebanon Paratriakis curtirostris (92241) Thyellina curtirostris (221155)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6France (Aisne) Paratriakis sp. 1 (213563)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Israel Galeorhinus sp. (214861)
Middle Santonian85.7 - 83.6United Kingdom (England) Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis (213376)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6France Galeorhinus girardoti (242207)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2Belgium Galeorhinus girardoti (241965)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2United Kingdom (England) Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis (213378) Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis tenuis, Paratriakis sp. (213379) Paratriakis robustus (213561) Paratriakis sp. 1, Palaeogaleus havreensis, Paratriakis subserratus, Paratriakis sp. (213382)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2France (Somme) Paratriakis robustus (213565)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Götaland) Palaeogaleus sp., Paratriakis sp., Galeorhinus sp. (102886)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Germany Palaeogaleus havreensis (228234) Synechodus nerviensis (241700)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Skåne) Palaeogaleus sp., Paratriakis sp., Galeorhinus sp. (74334) Paratriakis sp., Galeorhinus sp. (102883)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden Paratriakis sp. (102885)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Germany (Niedersachsen) Paratriakis decheni (31992)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Skane) Paratriakis sp. (106411)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2France (Ardennes) Paratriakis sp. 2 (157587)