PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Ciconia

Reptilia - Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae

Taxonomy

Ciconia was named by Brisson (1760). It is extant. It is the type genus of Ciconiidae, Ciconioidea, Ciconiinae.

It was assigned to Ciconiinae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); and to Ciconiidae by Lambrecht (1933), Howard (1972), Bickart (1990), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mlikovsky (2002), Louchart et al. (2008), Clements et al. (2017), Worthy and Nguyen (2020) and Tambussi et al. (2023).

Species

C. abdimii, C. boyciana, C. ciconia, C. episcopus, C. gaudryi, C. kahli, C. louisebolesae, C. lydekkeri, C. maguari, C. maltha, C. microscelis, C. nana, C. nigra, C. sarmatica, C. stehlini, C. stormi

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1760	Ciconia Brisson
1930	Ciconia Hay p. 296
1933	Ciconia Lambrecht p. 323
1940	Ciconia Wetmore p. 17
1956	Ciconia Wetmore p. 22
1972	Ciconia Howard p. 8
1990	Ciconia Bickart p. 11
2001	Ciconia Olson and Rasmussen p. 295
2002	Ciconia Mlikovsky p. 101
2008	Ciconia Louchart et al. p. 156
2017	Ciconia Clements et al.
2020	Ciconia Worthy and Nguyen p. 89
2023	Ciconia Tambussi et al. p. 269

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Aequornithes
—	Feraequornithes
superorder	Pelecanimorphae	Huxley 1867
order	Ciconiiformes	Bonaparte 1854
family	Ciconiidae	Sundevall 1836
genus	Ciconia	Brisson 1760

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Ciconia Brisson 1760

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Ciconia abdimii Lichtenstein 1823 [Abdim's stork]

Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe 1873 [oriental stork]

Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus 1758 [white stork]

Ciconia episcopus Boddaert 1783 [Asian woollyneck]

†Ciconia gaudryi Lambrecht 1933

†Ciconia kahli Haarhoff 1988

†Ciconia louisebolesae Boles 2005

†Ciconia lydekkeri Ameghino 1889

Ciconia maguari Gmelin 1789 [Maguari stork]

†Ciconia maltha Miller 1910 [asphalt stork]

Ciconia microscelis Gray 1848 [African woollyneck]

†Ciconia nana De Vis 1888

Ciconia nigra Linnaeus 1758 [black stork]

†Ciconia sarmatica Grigorescu and Kessler 1977

†Ciconia stehlini Jánossy 1992

Ciconia stormi Blasius 1896 [Storm's stork]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:39:15

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:39:15

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma

Collections (36 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian - Langhian	23.03 - 13.82	USA (North Carolina)	C. speciesone (48887)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Greece (Attica)	C. gaudryi (182754)
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Argentina (Entre Rios)	C. sp. (140471)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	USA (North Carolina)	C. speciestwo (52582)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	South Africa	C. kahli (22227)
Pliocene - Pleistocene	5.333 - 0.0117	France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alps)	C. sp. (44231)
Blancan	4.9 - 1.8	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (19753)
MN 17	2.588 - 1.806	France (Rhone-Alpes)	C. sp. (47150)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (154721)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.129	Italy	C. nigra (194929)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (227368)
Pleistocene - Holocene	2.588 - 0.0	Cuba (Matanzas)	C. sp. (152870)
Irvingtonian	1.8 - 0.3	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (20308 20334 20400 20415)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (195048 195049)
Rancholabrean	0.3 - 0.012	USA (California)	C. maltha (152008 161536)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	China (Hubei)	C. boyciana (92787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (154773)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Idaho)	C. maltha (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (20580 20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	C. maltha (20273 44954 190077 192604)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	C. maltha (154921)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (South Carolina)	C. maltha (152904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Mexico)	C. sp. (192627)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	United Kingdom	C. ciconia (93837)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Texas)	C. maltha (85142)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	France	C. ciconia (195041)