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Sphenodon
Taxonomy
Sphenodon was named by Gray (1831). It is extant. Its type is Sphenodon punctatus.
It was assigned to Rhynchocephalia by Hay (1902); to Homeosauridae by Jaekel (1910); to Sphenodontinae by Apesteguía and Novas (2003), Rauhut et al. (2012), Cau et al. (2014); and to Sphenodontidae by Hay (1930), Benton (1985), Frank and Ramus (1996), Worthy (1997), Reynoso (2000), Worthy and Grant-Mackie (2003), Apesteguia et al. (2012), Herrera-Flores et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Rhynchocephalia by Hay (1902); to Homeosauridae by Jaekel (1910); to Sphenodontinae by Apesteguía and Novas (2003), Rauhut et al. (2012), Cau et al. (2014); and to Sphenodontidae by Hay (1930), Benton (1985), Frank and Ramus (1996), Worthy (1997), Reynoso (2000), Worthy and Grant-Mackie (2003), Apesteguia et al. (2012), Herrera-Flores et al. (2018).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1831 | Sphenodon Gray |
| 1902 | Sphenodon Hay p. 460 |
| 1910 | Sphenodon Jaekel p. 333 |
| 1930 | Sphenodon Hay p. 134 |
| 1985 | Sphenodon Benton p. 157 |
| 1996 | Sphenodon Frank and Ramus |
| 1997 | Sphenodon Worthy p. 92 |
| 2000 | Sphenodon Reynoso |
| 2003 | Sphenodon Apesteguía and Novas |
| 2003 | Sphenodon Worthy and Grant-Mackie p. 442 |
| 2012 | Sphenodon Apesteguia et al. |
| 2012 | Sphenodon Rauhut et al. |
| 2014 | Sphenodon Cau et al. |
| 2018 | Sphenodon Herrera-Flores et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Sphenodon Gray 1831
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Sphenodon guentheri Gunther 1867 [Brother island tuatara]
Sphenodon punctata Gray 1842 [tuatara]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Altonian to the top of the Holocene or 19.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.9 Ma
Collections (15 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Altonian | New Zealand (South Island) | S. sp. (73690) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (Otago) | S. sp. (175629) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | New Zealand (South Island) | S. sp. (87814) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | New Zealand (North Otago) | S. sp. (87789) | |
| Holocene | New Zealand (South Island) | S. sp. (215380 215386 215388 215389 215392 215403 215416 215419 215421 215583 215615) |