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Trochus

Gastropoda - Trochidae

Taxonomy
Trochus was named by Linnaeus (1758) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi R Sepkoski's reference number: 909]. It is extant. Its type is Trochus maculatus. It is the type genus of Trochoidea.

It was assigned to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Trochinae by MacNeil (1960), Wilson (1993), van den Hoek Ostende et al. (2002) and Bouchet et al. (2005); and to Trochidae by White (1885), White (1889), Ladd (1966), Abbass (1967), Short and Potter (1987), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1999) and Hendy (2007).

Species
T. (Anadema), T. (Carinidea), T. (Coelotrochus), T. (Flemingia), T. (Margarita), T. (Praecia), T. (Solarium), T. (Thorista), T. (Trochus), T. (Turcicula), T. (Ziziphinus), T. adrianensis, T. agglutinans, T. alligatus, T. alpis, T. ambalensis, T. angulatoplicatus, T. anthracophilus, T. arcotensis, T. asper, T. avernus (syn. T. (Gibbula) subavernus), T. bicarinatus, T. binodulosus, T. bisertus, T. caumontii, T. crenularis, T. delaunayi, T. dentatus, T. deslongchampsi, T. ellipticus, T. erythraeus, T. fastigiatus, T. funiculosus, T. glandulus, T. gubleri, T. hanleyanus, T. hierlatzensis, T. hinchmanensis, T. imperitus, T. laevis, T. lissochilus, T. maculatus (type species), T. margaritifer, T. maximiliani, T. monilifer, T. nessigii, T. ornatus, T. ornatus, T. pfeifferi, T. poeppigii, T. quadrangulonodulosus, T. quadrilineatus, T. radiatulus, T. radiatus, T. rajah, T. rapidus, T. rauenorum, T. rotelloides, T. sandwichensis, T. sarthinus, T. stefaninii, T. stellatus, T. strigillatus, T. sulcatus, T. tectum, T. tihensis, T. toulai, T. tricarinatus, T. varius, T. verrucosus, T. virgatus, T. woodwardi, T. zinkeni
Species lacking formal opinion data
T. balinensis, T. coarctatus, T. larioliana, T. lorioliana, T. maximiliani, T. ripleyanus

Synonyms
  • Lamprostoma was named by Swainson (1840) [COMMENTS: This is distinct genus/subgenus from Lamprodomina Swainson, 1840; Lamprostoma = synonym of Trochus.].

    It was reranked as Trochus (Lamprostoma) by Oppenheim (1900); it was synonymized subjectively with Trochus by Hendy (2007).

    It was assigned to Trochus by Oppenheim (1900).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Trochus Linnaeus
1840Lamprostoma Swainson
1885Trochus White p. 260
1889Trochus White p. 447
1900Trochus (Lamprostoma) Oppenheim p. 281
1960Trochus MacNeil p. 25
1966Trochus Ladd p. 37
1967Trochus Abbass p. 2
1987Trochus Short and Potter p. 10
1993Trochus Wilson p. 90
1999Trochus Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 45
2002Trochus Sepkoski
2002Trochus van den Hoek Ostende et al. p. 4
2005Trochus Bouchet et al. p. 176
2007Trochus Hendy p. 152

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
RankNameAuthor
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
subclassVetigastropoda(Salvini-Plawen 1980)
superfamilyTrochoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyTrochidaeRafinesque 1815
genusTrochusLinnaeus 1758

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Trochus Linnaeus 1758
show all | hide all
Subg. †Trochus (Anadema) Adams and Adams 1854
+
Subg. †Trochus (Carinidea) Uhlig 1881
Subg. Trochus (Coelotrochus) Fischer 1879
Subg. †Trochus (Flemingia) De Koninck 1881
+
Subg. Trochus (Margarita) Leach 1819
Subg. Trochus (Praecia) Gray 1857
+
+
†Solarium ammonites Lamarck 1804
†Solarium amphitermum Dall 1892
†Solarium arnense Chandler 1962
†Solarium bicornatum Traub 1938
†Solarium canaliculatum Lamarck 1804
†Solarium compressum Traub 1938
†Solarium costulatum Ponzi 1876
†Solarium cotswoldiae Lycett 1850
†Solarium elaboratum Conrad 1833
†Solarium javanum Martin 1879
†Solarium lartetianum Leymerie 1851
†Solarium lorenzoensis Arnold 1908
†Solarium nelsoni Woods 1922
†Solarium ornatum Lea 1833
†Solarium patellatum Lamarck 1804
†Solarium patulum Lamarck 1804
†Solarium plicatum Lamarck 1804
†Solarium rugosum Ponzi 1876
†Solarium sulcatum Lamarck 1804
†Solarium trilineatum Conrad 1841
†Solarium triliraium Conrad 1847
†Solarium wallalense White 1885
Subg. Trochus (Thorista) Iredale 1915
Subg. †Trochus (Turcicula) Koken 1900
+
Subg. Trochus (Ziziphinus) Gray 1847
†Trochus adrianensis Gemmellaro 1889
†Trochus agglutinans Lamarck 1804
†Trochus alligatus Lamarck 1804
†Trochus alpis Winckler 1861
†Trochus ambalensis Weir 1925
†Trochus angulatoplicatus Muenster 1844
†Trochus anthracophilus Roemer 1880
†Trochus arcotensis Forbes 1846
Trochus asper Gmelin 1791
†Trochus avernus Stoliczka 1861
+
Invalid names: Trochus (Gibbula) subavernus Seguenza 1885 [synonym]
†Trochus bicarinatus Lamarck 1804
†Trochus binodulosus Klipstein 1843
†Trochus bisertus Münster 1841
†Trochus caumontii Klipstein 1843
†Trochus crenularis Lamarck 1804
†Trochus delaunayi Cossmann 1907
†Trochus dentatus Forskal 1775
†Trochus deslongchampsi Klipstein 1843
†Trochus ellipticus Goldfuss 1844
†Trochus erythraeus Brocchi 1823
†Trochus fastigiatus Adams 1853
†Trochus funiculosus Kittl 1891
†Trochus glandulus Laube 1869
†Trochus gubleri Delpey 1941
†Trochus hanleyanus Reeve 1843
†Trochus hierlatzensis von Ammon 1892
†Trochus hinchmanensis Crickmay 1933
†Trochus imperitus Perner 1903
†Trochus laevis Sowerby 1846
†Trochus lissochilus Kittl 1891
Trochus maculatus Linnaeus 1758
†Trochus margaritifer Böhm 1891
†Trochus maximiliani Klipstein 1843
†Trochus monilifer Lamarck 1804
†Trochus nessigii Römer 1843
†Trochus ornatus Klipstein 1843
†Trochus ornatus Lamarck 1804
Trochus pfeifferi Philippi 1846
†Trochus poeppigii Philippi 1887
†Trochus quadrangulonodulosus Klipstein 1843
†Trochus quadrilineatus Klipstein 1843
†Trochus radiatulus Forbes 1846
Trochus radiatus Gmelin 1792
†Trochus rajah Forbes 1846
†Trochus rapidus Stoppani 1857
†Trochus rauenorum Kiel and Bandel 2004
†Trochus rotelloides Forbes 1846
Trochus sandwichensis Souleyet 1852
†Trochus sarthinus d'Orbigny 1842
†Trochus stefaninii Nardini 1934
†Trochus stellatus Gmelin 1791
†Trochus strigillatus Klipstein 1843
†Trochus sulcatus Lamarck 1804
†Trochus tectum Gmelin 1791
†Trochus tihensis Abbass 1967
†Trochus toulai Kittl 1891
†Trochus tricarinatus Klipstein 1843
†Trochus varius Linnaeus 1758
†Trochus verrucosus Münster 1841
Trochus virgatus Gmelin 1792
†Trochus woodwardi Martin 1882
†Trochus zinkeni Klipstein 1843
Invalid names: Lamprostoma Swainson 1840 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height611.54.0020.012.85.63

Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: grazerf
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 08:47:02
Modified: 2009-09-10 10:47:02
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Famennian to the top of the Holocene or 372.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 358.9 Ma

Collections (269 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Famennian372.2 - 358.9Germany T. nessigii (156553)
Roadian - Wordian272.3 - 264.28Indonesia (Sumatra) T. anthracophilus (121984)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Italy T. adrianensis (108672)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51Cambodia T. gubleri (107275)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51USA (Texas) T. sp. (108812)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Indonesia (Timor) T. peracutaeformis (205308)
Pelsonian - Illyrian247.2 - 242.0China (Guizhou) T. sp. (31619 31621)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy T. sp. (164208)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy (South Tyrol) T. pseudoniso (205157)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 208.5Indonesia (Timor) T. subtimorensis (205174) T. timorensis (205303)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4USA (Alaska) T. sp. (112287 112288)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4Germany T. alpis (202142)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy T. bisertus, T. verrucosus (137429) T. deslongchampsii, T. strigillatus, T. tricarinatus, T. ornatus, T. binodulosus, T. zinkeni, T. quadrilineatus, T. caumontii, T. quadrangulonodulosus (145649) T. glandulus (144632) T. sp., T. funiculosus, T. toulai (144631)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy (Lombardy) T. sp., Solarium sp., T. rapidus (38083)
Aratauran201.4 - 188.9New Zealand T. sp. (63821)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7Italy (Trento) T. sinister (232110)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3United Kingdom (Wales) T. sp. (33356)
Angulata201.3 - 196.5France (Lorraine) T. tubicola, T. deshayesi, T. nitidus, Solarium lenticulare (53947)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.3 - 196.5France Solarium sp. (39215)
Planorbis201.3 - 196.5France Solarium sp. (39379)