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Procyonidae (procyonid carnivore)
Taxonomy
Procyonidae was named by Gray (1825). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Wang et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Ferae by Bonaparte (1850); to Fissipedia by Cope (1889); to Fissipedia by Flower and Lydekker (1891) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Arctoidea by Flower (1883), Hay (1902) and Carroll (1988); to Musteloidea by Baskin (1998); to Mustelida by Wang et al. (2005); to Arctoidea by Salesa et al. (2006); and to Carnivora by Kurten (1968), Nowak (1991) and Hontecillas et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Ferae by Bonaparte (1850); to Fissipedia by Cope (1889); to Fissipedia by Flower and Lydekker (1891) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Arctoidea by Flower (1883), Hay (1902) and Carroll (1988); to Musteloidea by Baskin (1998); to Mustelida by Wang et al. (2005); to Arctoidea by Salesa et al. (2006); and to Carnivora by Kurten (1968), Nowak (1991) and Hontecillas et al. (2023).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Procyonidae Gray |
| 1850 | Cercoleptidae Bonaparte p. 1 |
| 1850 | Procyonidae Bonaparte p. 1 |
| 1869 | Myxophagus spelaeus Cope |
| 1869 | Myxophagus Cope p. 759 |
| 1883 | Procyonidae Flower p. 185 |
| 1889 | Cercoleptidae Cope p. 876 |
| 1889 | Procyonidae Cope p. 876 |
| 1891 | Procyonidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91 |
| 1902 | Cercoleptinae Hay p. 764 |
| 1902 | Procyonidae Hay p. 764 |
| 1902 | Myxophagus Hay p. 765 |
| 1902 | Myxophagus spelaeus Hay p. 765 |
| 1968 | Procyonidae Kurten p. 118 |
| 1980 | Procyonidae Kurten and Anderson p. 175 |
| 1988 | Procyonidae Carroll |
| 1991 | Procyonidae Nowak |
| 1998 | Procyonidae Baskin p. 146 |
| 2005 | Procyonidae Wang et al. |
| 2006 | Procyonidae Salesa et al. p. 381 |
| 2023 | Procyonidae Hontecillas et al. p. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Procyonidae Gray 1825 [procyonid carnivore]
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G. †Pachynasua Ameghino 1904
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†Pachynasua clausa Ameghino 1904
†Pachynasua robusta Rovereto 1914
Subfm. Procyoninae Gray 1825
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Tr. Potosini Trouessart 1904
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G. †Bassaricyonoides Baskin and Morea 2003
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†Bassaricyonoides phyllismillerae Baskin 2003
†Bassaricyonoides stewartae Baskin and Morea 2003
G. Potos Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795
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Potos flavus Schreber 1774 [kinkajou]
Potos flavus tolimensis Allen 1913
Tr. Procyonini Gray 1825
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G. †Amphinasua Mercerat 1895
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†Amphinasua brevirostris Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Amphinasua longirostris Rovereto 1914
G. †Arctonasua Baskin 1982
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†Arctonasua eurybates Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua floridana Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua fricki Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua gracilis Baskin 1982
†Arctonasua minima Baskin 1982
G. Bassaricyon Allen 1876 [olingo]
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Bassaricyon alleni Thomas 1880 [Allen's olingo]
Bassaricyon gabbii Allen 1876
Bassaricyon medius Thomas 1909 [western lowland olingo]
Bassaricyon neblina Helgen et al. 2013 [olinguito]
G. Bassariscus Coues 1887 [ringtail]
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Bassariscus albipes Elliot 1903
†Bassariscus antiquus Matthew and Cook 1909
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Invalid names: Bassariscus nevadensis Merriam 1916 [synonym]
Bassariscus astutus Lichtenstein 1830 [ringtail]
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Invalid names: Bassariscus sonoitensis Skinner 1942 [synonym]
†Bassariscus casei Hibbard 1952
†Bassariscus lycopotamicus Cope 1879
†Bassariscus minimus Baskin 2004
†Bassariscus ogallalae Hibbard 1933
†Bassariscus parvus Hall 1927
†Bassariscus rexroadensis Hibbard 1950
Bassariscus sumichrasti Saussure 1860 [cacomistle]
Bassariscus sumichrasti notinus Thomas 1903
Invalid names: Bassaris [replaced]
G. †Chapalmalania Ameghino 1908
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†Chapalmalania altaefrontis Kraglievich and Olazabal 1959
†Chapalmalania ortognatha Ameghino 1908
G. †Cyonasua Ameghino 1885
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†Cyonasua argentina Ameghino 1885
†Cyonasua brevirostris Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Cyonasua clausa Ameghino 1904
†Cyonasua groeberi Kraglievich and Reig 1954
†Cyonasua longirostris Rovereto 1914
†Cyonasua lutaria Cabrera 1936
†Cyonasua meranii Ameghino and Kraglievich 1925
†Cyonasua pascuali Linares 1981
†Cyonasua robusta Rovereto 1914
†Cyonasua zettii Hontecillas et al. 2023
G. †Edaphocyon Wilson 1960
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†Edaphocyon lautus Baskin 1982
†Edaphocyon palmeri Baskin 2003
†Edaphocyon pointblankensis Wilson 1960
G. Nasua Storr 1780 [coati]
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†Nasua mastodonta Emmert and Short 2018
Nasua narica Linnaeus 1766 [white-nosed coati]
Nasua nasua Linneaus 1766 [South American coati]
†Nasua nicaeensis Holl 1829
†Nasua pronarica Dalquest 1978
G. Nasuella Hollister 2000
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Nasua olivacea lagunetae Allen 1913
Nasuella meridensis Thomas 1901 [eastern mountain coati]
G. Procyon Storr 1780 [raccoon]
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Subg. Procyon (Euprocyon) Gray 1864
Subg. Procyon (Procyon) Storr 1780
Procyon cancrivorus Cuvier 1798 [crab eating raccoon]
†Procyon gipsoni Emmert and Short 2018
Procyon gymnocercus Fischer 1814 [pampas fox]
Procyon lotor Linnaeus 1758 [raccoon]
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Invalid names: Procyon nanus Simpson 1929 [synonym], Procyon priscus Leconte 1848 [synonym], Procyon simus Gidley 1906 [synonym]
†Procyon megalokolos Emmert and Short 2018
†Procyon rexroadensis Hibbard 1941
Invalid names: Lotor Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [synonym]
G. †Protoprocyon Linares 1981
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†Protoprocyon savagei Linares 1981
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Invalid names: Lichnocyon phoenicus Baskin 1982 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Lichnocyon Baskin 1982 [synonym]
G. †Sivanasua Pilgrim 1931
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†Sivanasua viverroides Schlosser 1916
Invalid names: Ailuravus Schlosser 1916 [replaced]
G. †Stromeriella Dehm 1950
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†Stromeriella depressa Morlo 1996
†Stromeriella franconica Dehm 1950
Invalid names: Cercoleptidae Bonaparte 1850 [synonym], Melina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Myxophagus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Procyonina Gray 1825 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 1 to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 22.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 22.4 Ma
Collections (233 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arikareean | USA (Idaho) | Procyonidae indet. (17584) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | Bassariscus sp. (17735) | |
| MN 1 | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Broiliana sp., Angustictis mayri (69617) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Procyonidae indet. (19066) | |
| Miocene | USA (Louisiana) | Bassariscus sp. (163859) | |
| MN 2 | Germany (R.-P. and Hesse) | Angustictis mayri, Stromeriella depressa (69606) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Delaware) | Procyoninae indet. (18579) | |
| Burdigalian | France (Maine-et-Loire) | Stromeriella franconica (48069) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Edaphocyon lautus (17898) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | Panama (Panama City) | Bassaricyonoides sp. (144879) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Bassaricyonoides phyllismillerae, Edaphocyon palmeri (18562) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Oregon) | Bassariscus antiquus (208511) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Procyoninae indet. (18561) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Wyoming) | Procyonidae indet. (19074) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Bassariscus sp. (17969) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Nevada) | Procyoninae indet. (18962) | |
| MN 3 | Germany (Bavaria) | Broiliana nobilis, Plesictis mayri, Stromeriella franconica (68040) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nevada) | Bassariscus antiquus (19103) Bassariscus parvus (19088) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | Procyonidae indet. (19522) | |
| Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Bassariscus parvus (18759 18761 18794) | |