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Echimyidae (spiny rat)

Mammalia - Rodentia - Echimyidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Echimyidae Gray
1850Echymyidae Bonaparte p. 1
1958Echimyidae Wood p. 172
1959Echimyidae Wood and Patterson
1976Echimyidae Lavocat
1982Echimyidae Patterson and Wood
1988Echimyidae Carroll
1991Echimyidae Nowak
1999Echimyidae Nowak
2001Echimyidae Huchon and Douzery p. 246
2010Echimyidae Kramarz et al.
2014Echimyidae Sostillo et al. p. 286
2015Echimyidae Upham and Patterson

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
—GliriformesWyss and Meng 1996
—Glires()
—Simplicidentata()
orderRodentiaBowdich 1821
—CtenohystricaHuchon et al. 2000
infraorderHystricognathi(Tullberg 1899)
—Caviomorpha(Wood and Patterson 1955)
superfamilyOctodontoideaWaterhouse 1839
familyEchimyidaeGray 1825
familyEchimyidaeGray 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Echimyidae Gray 1825 [spiny rat]
show all | hide all
Subfm. †Adelphomyinae Patterson and Pascual 1968
+
G. †Prostichomys Kramarz 2001
+
†Prostichomys bowni Kramarz 2001
G. †Ricardomys Walton 1990
+
†Ricardomys longidens Walton 1990
G. Carterodon Waterhouse 1848
+
†Carterodon sulcidens Lund 1841
Subfm. Chaetomyinae Thomas 1897
+
G. Chaetomys Gray 1843
G. Clyomys Thomas 1916
+
†Clyomys riograndensis Hadler 2008
Subfm. Dactylomyinae Tate 1935
+
G. Thrinacodus Günther 1879
G. Dactylomys Geoffroy 1838 [bamboo rat]
G. †Dicolpomys Winge 1887
+
†Dicolpomys fossor Winge 1887
G. Diplomys Thomas 1916
Subfm. Echimyinae Gray 1825
+
G. Callistomys Emmons and Vucetich 1998
+
Callistomys pictus Pictet 1843 [painted tree-rat]
G. Echimys Cuvier 1809 [spiny tree-rat]
+
Echimys chrysurus Zimmermann 1780 [white-faced Spiny tree-rat]
+
Invalid names: Echimys cristatus Desmarest 1817 [synonym]
Echimys grandis Wagner 1845
Echimys paleaceus Olfers 1818
Echimys saturnus Thomas 1928 [dark spiny tree-rat]
Echimys vieirai Iack-Ximenes et al. 2005 [Viera's spiny tree-rat]
Invalid names: Loncheres Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. Makalata Husson 1978
+
Makalata armata Geoffroy 1838
Makalata carrikeri Allen 1911
Makalata castanea Allen and Chapman 1897
Makalata didelphoides Desmarest 1817 [Brazilian spiny tree-rat]
Makalata flavida Hollister 1914
Makalata guianae Thomas 1888
Makalata longirostris Anthony 1921
Makalata macrura Wagner 1842
Makalata obscura Wagner 1840
Makalata occasius Thomas 1921
Makalata punctatus Thomas 1899
Makalata rhipidura Thomas 1928
Makalata semivillosa Geoffroy 1838 [speckled spiny tree-rat]
G. Phyllomys Lund 1839 [Atlantic tree-rat]
Subfm. †Eumysopinae Rusconi 1935
+
G. †Palaeoechimys Spillmann 1949
G. †Proclinodontomys Candela et al. 2020
+
†Proclinodontomys dondasi Candela et al. 2020
G. †Ullumys Olivares et al. 2017
+
†Ullumys intermedius Rovereto 1914
†Ullumys pattoni Olivares et al. 2017
G. †Eumysops Ameghino
+
†Eumysops cavioides Ameghino 1908
†Eumysops chapalmalensis Ameghino 1908
†Eumysops formosus Ameghino 1906
+
Invalid names: Proaguti complicatus Ameghino 1908 [synonym], Proaguti gracilis Ameghino 1908 [synonym], Proaguti intermixtus Ameghino 1908 [synonym], Proatherura formosa Ameghino 1906 [synonym]
†Eumysops gracilis Ameghino 1908
†Eumysops laeviplicatus Ameghino 1888
+
Invalid names: Proaguti chapalmalensis Ameghino 1908 [synonym]
†Eumysops marplatensis Olivares and Verzi 2015
†Eumysops parodii Kraglievich 1945
†Eumysops robustus Ameghino 1889
Invalid names: Proaguti Ameghino 1908 [synonym]
G. Euryzygomatomys Goeldi 1901
G. †Gaimanomys Vucetich and Bond 1984
G. †Haplostropha Ameghino 1891
Subfm. †Heteropsomyinae Anthony 1917
+
G. †Boromys Miller 1916
+
†Boromys brachyblastus Tong 1997
†Boromys marydawsonae Tong 1997
†Boromys obtusus Tong 1997
†Boromys offella Miller 1916
†Boromys torrei Allen 1917
G. †Brotomys Miller 1916
G. Cercomys Cuvier 1829
+
†Cercomys cunicularius Cuvier 1829
G. †Heteropsomys Anthony 1916
+
†Heteropsomys antillensis Anthony 1917
†Heteropsomys insulans Anthony 1916
G. †Puertoricomys Woods 1989
+
†Puertoricomys corozalus Williams and Koopman 1951
G. †Hexolobodon Miller 1929
+
†Hexolobodon phenax Miller 1929
G. Hoplomys Allen 1908
G. †Isolobodon Allen 1916
+
†Isolobodon portoricensis Flemming and MacPhee 1999
G. Isothrix Wagner 1845 [brush-tailed rat]
+
Isothrix bistriata Wagner 1845 [yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat]
Isothrix bistriata negrensis Thomas 1920 [Rio Negro brush-tailed rat]
G. Lonchothrix Thomas 1920
G. †Maruchito Vucetich et al. 1993
+
†Maruchito trilofodonte Vucetich et al. 1993
G. Mesomys Wagner 1845 [spiny tree rat]
G. Myocastor Kerr 1782
+
†Myocastor brevirostris Rusconi 1944
Myocastor coypus Molina 1782 [coypu]
+
Invalid names: Mastonotus popelairi Wesmael 1841 [synonym], Myocastor perditus Ameghino 1902 [objective synonym], Myopotamus bonariensis Saint-Hilaire 1805 [synonym]
†Myocastor diligens Ameghino 1888
†Myocastor ipriscus Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Mastonotus Wesmael 1841 [synonym], Myopotamus Saint-Hilaire 1805 [synonym], Tramyocastor Rusconi 1936 [synonym]
G. †Pampamys Verzi et al. 1995
+
†Pampamys emmonsae Verzi et al. 1995
G. †Paradelphomys Patterson and Pascual 1968
+
†Paradelphomys fissus Patterson and Pascual 1968
G. †Proatherura Ameghino 1906
G. †Quebradahondomys Croft et al. 2011
+
†Quebradahondomys potosiensis Croft et al. 2011
G. †Reigechimys Verzi et al. 1994
+
†Reigechimys octodontiformis Verzi et al. 1994
†Reigechimys plesiodon Verzi et al. 1994
†Reigechimys simplex Sostillo et al. 2014
G. †Rhizoplagiodontia Woods 1989
+
G. †Theridomysops Vucetich 1995
+
†Theridomysops parvulus Rovereto 1914
Invalid names: Tribodon Ameghino 1887 [synonym]
G. †Thrichomys Trouessart 1881 [punaré]
G. Trinomys Thomas 1921
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 250 gs
Minimum body mass: 150 gs
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialf
Diet: herbivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-26 13:44:11
Source: s = species, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Walton 1997, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 48.07000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma

Collections (185 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Mongolia Advenimus sp. (127656)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene37.71 - 27.3China (Henan) Boromys obtusus, Boromys brachyblastus (174738)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Peru Adelphomyinae indet. (199561)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Peru (Departamento de Ucayali) Echimyidae C, Echimyidae A, Echimyidae B (149523)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Peru (Loreto) Adelphomyinae indet. (176130 176147)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Chubut) Paradelphomys fissus (141368)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Chile (Bío Bío) Echimyidae sp. (140106)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Argentina (Chubut) Prostichomys bowni (176205)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Chile (Aisén) Prostichomys n. sp. (71843)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Argentina (Santa Cruz) Prostichomys bowni (59133 59319 59320 59321 59322 59323 59325 59326)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.45 - 13.82Argentina (Santa Cruz) Adelphomyinae indet. (197691)
Santacrucian - Friasian17.5 - 15.5Chile (Bío Bío) Prostichomys sp., Maruchito sp. (140107)
Santacrucian - Laventan17.5 - 11.0Chile (Bío Bío) Echimyidae sp., Maruchito nov. sp.? (140105)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Chile (Bío Bío) Heteropsomyinae sp. (140091)
Colloncuran15.5 - 13.8Argentina (Neuquen) Echimyidae indet. (28611)
Colloncuran15.5 - 13.8Argentina (Neuquén) Maruchito trilofodonte (141175)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Peru (San Martin) Ricardomys longidens (230802)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Bolivia (Tarija) Echimyidae indet., Quebradahondomys potosiensis (38071)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Colombia (Huila) Echimyidae indet. (186683) Echymyidae indet. (136211) Ricardomys longidens (141256 195251)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Heteropsomyinae indet. (55602)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Brazil Phyllomys sp. (57989)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Brazil (Acre) Heteropsomyinae indet. (134808)
Chasicoan10.0 - 8.0Argentina (San Juan) Ullumys pattoni (146533)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Catamarca) Ullumys intermedius (87201)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (La Pampa) Cercomys sp. (152063) Echimyidae indet., Pampamys emmonsae, Theridomysops parvulus, Reigechimys plesiodon (152061) Eumysops sp., Reigechimys plesiodon, Pampamys emmonsae (152065) Pampamys emmonsae (140925 151498) Reigechimys octodontiformis, Pampamys emmonsae (87198 204598 206260) Reigechimys plesiodon (151500) Reigechimys plesiodon, Pampamys emmonsae (204363) Reigechimys simplex (192135) Reigechimys simplex, Reigechimys octodontiformis, Pampamys emmonsae (152066)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Entre Rios) Myocastor sp., Myocastor paranensis, Myocastor obesus, Myocastor sinuata, Eumysops parodii, Haplostropha sp., Haplostropha sacabriniana (55600)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Argentina (La Pampa) Clyomys sp. (152067) Pampamys emmonsae (141939)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Argentina (Catamarca) Eumysopinae indet. (198820)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Argentina (Catamarca) Theridomysops parvulus (204538)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Argentina (Buenos Aires) Eumysops laeviplicatus (191769) Eumysops sp. (191765 191768)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Buenos Aires) Eumysops laeviplicatus (145757 152081 152085 152088 198684 198686 198687 198821 198824) Eumysops laeviplicatus, Eumysops formosus (198822 198863)
Chapadmalalan3.8 - 3.0Argentina (Córdoba) Echimyidae indet. (197905) Eumysops sp. (202212)
Chapadmalalan3.8 - 3.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Eumysops chapalmalensis (198825 198828 198840 198854) Eumysops chapalmalensis, Eumysops gracilis (198823 198827 198844 198845 198848 198849 198850 198852 198853 198855 198856) Eumysops sp. (202340)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Argentina (Cordoba) Eumysopinae indet. (191133)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Argentina (Entre Rios) Eumysops sp. (79631)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Argentina (Buenos Aires) Echimyidae indet. (191760) Eumysops chapalmalensis (198826 198830 198832 198834 198838 198843 198847) Eumysops chapalmalensis, Eumysops gracilis, Eumysops marplatensis (198833) Eumysops chapalmalensis, Eumysops marplatensis (198837 198839) Eumysops incertus, Proatherura sp., Myocastor brevirostris (213136) Eumysops sp. (123525 123527 199160) Myocastor priscus (53926)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Argentina (Córdoba) Eumysops chapalmalensis (225604)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774Argentina (Buenos Aires) Eumysops chapalmalensis (198835) Eumysops chapalmalensis, Eumysops gracilis, Eumysops marplatensis (198836)
Uquian3.0 - 1.75Argentina (Buenos Aires) Eumysops chapalmalensis (198829 198831 198841 198842 198846 198851)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Argentina (Santa Fe) Eumysops marplatensis (225603)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Bolivia Myocastor coypus (142016)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Bolivia (Tarija ) Euryzygomatomys hoffstetteri (70673)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Argentina (Buenos Aires) Eumysops cavoides (71304)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129Argentina (Buenos Aires) Proclinodontomys dondasi (211648 211649)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Puerto Rico Heteropsomys insulans (78300)
Pleistocene (glacial)2.58 - 0.0117Brazil (Minas Gerais) Clyomys laticeps, Thrichomys apereoides, Myocastor coypus, Callistomys sp., Phyllomys brasiliensis, Dicolpomys fossor, Carterodon sulcidens, Euryzygomatomys mordax (140474)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Argentina (Entre Ríos) Eumysops sp. (141592)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Cuba (Matanzas) Boromys torrei (152870)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Brazil (Piauí) Thrichomys sp. (211633)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) Clyomys sp., Thrichomys apereoides, Carterodon sulcidens (92813)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Brazil (Minas Gerais) Thrichomys sp., Phyllomys sp., Carterodon sulcidens (211842)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Brazil (Sao Paulo) Clyomys sp., Phyllomys sp., Dicolpomys fossor (147815)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Thrichomys apereoides (211822) Thrichomys apereoides, Carterodon sulcidens (211820)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Brazil (Ceará) Thrichomys sp. (107828)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0Dominican Republic (Guerra) Isolobodon portoricensis (198638)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Bolivia (Tarija) Myocastor perditus (143061)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Argentina (Buenos Aires) Myocastor sp., Clyomys sp. (199170)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Argentina (Buenos Aires) Myocastor columnaris (63336) Myocastor sp., Myocastor columnaris (63335)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Uruguay (Montevideo) Myocastor sp. (120884)
Lujanian0.4 - 0.0117Peru (Puno) Echimyidae indet. (145248)
Lujanian0.4 - 0.0117Argentina (Entre Ríos) Eumysops gracilis (212840)
Lujanian0.4 - 0.0117Argentina (Buenos Aires) Eumysops laeviplicatus (202096) Myocastor priscus (71303) Myocastor sp. (212835)
Lujanian0.4 - 0.0117Uruguay Myocastor coypus (71274)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Uruguay (Montevideo) Myocastor sp. (211645)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Dominican Republic (Sanchez Ramirez) Isolobodon portoricensis (235214)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Myocastor coypus (137181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Goiás) Thrichomys apereoides (211821)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Piaui) Thrichomys apereoides (71332 71334) Thrichomys sp. (71335) Thrichomys sp., Phyllomys sp. (71331)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Myocastor coypus (124384 147598 148417) Myocastor coypus, Eumysopinae indet. (124717)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Bahia) Myocastor coypus (136498)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Buenos Aires) Myocastor coipus (73845)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (O'Higgins) Myocastor coypus (71280)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Piauí) Myocastor sp., Thrichomys sp. (211632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Tocantins) Thrichomys sp., Makalata sp. (149493)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Venezuela (Zulia) Echimys sp., Dactylomyinae indet. (63515)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Myocastor coypus (71348)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Cuba (Mayabeque) Boromys torrei (153777)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Dominican Republic (Pedernales) Brotomys voratus, Isolobodon montanus, Isolobodon portoricensis (186694) Isolobodon montanus, Isolobodon portoricensis, Hexolobodon sp. (186695) Isolobodon portoricensis (186697) Isolobodon sp. (186696)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) Myocastor coypus (212251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Cuba (Artemisa) Boromys offella, Boromys torrei (195083)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Myocastor coypus (71349)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Haiti Brotomys voratus, Isolobodon montanus, Isolobodon portoricensis, Hexolobodon phenax, Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei (119044)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina (Entre Ríos) Myocastor coypus, Dicolpomys fossor (212781)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Chile Myocastor coypus (215543)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Venezuela (Guarico) Echimys semirillosus (21686)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bolivia (Chuquisaca) Myocastor coypus (70705)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Pernambuco) Thrichomys sp., Phyllomys sp. (211631)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Panama Diplomys labilis (21691)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Haiti (Jacmel) Hexolobodon phenax (235229)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (São Paulo) Phyllomys sp., Trinomys sp. (148397)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Districto Agropecura) Mesomys hispidus, Isothrix pagurus (21687)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Pará) Dactylomys dactylinus, Echimys sp. (211490)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bolivia Myocastor coypus (71324)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Euryzygomatomys sp., Phyllomys sp., Dicolpomys fossor (211802) Myocastor coypus, Phyllomys sp., Dicolpomys fossor, Clyomys riograndensis (211630) Phyllomys sp., Clyomys riograndensis, Euryzygomatomys mordax (68025) Phyllomys sp., Dicolpomys fossor, Clyomys riograndensis, Euryzygomatomys mordax (211629 211634)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Peru Mesomys hispidus, Dactylomys dactylinus (21689)