Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Limicolae

Reptilia - Charadriiformes

Taxonomy
Limicolae was named as a suborder. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Grallae by Hay (1902).

It was assigned to Telmatoformes by Lambrecht (1933); and to Charadriiformes by Gadow (1898), Livezey and Zusi (2007).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1898Limicolae Gadow p. 35
1933Limicolae Lambrecht p. 531
2007Limicolae Livezey and Zusi p. 92

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Eugnathostomata
—Teleostomi(Bonaparte 1836)
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
suborderLimicolae
suborderLimicolae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Limicolae
show all | hide all
Infraor. Charadriides
hide
Superfm. Charadrioidea
+
Fm. Charadriidae Vigors 1825 [lapwing]
+
G. Anarhynchus Quoy and Gaimard 1830
+
Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy and Gaimard 1830 [wrybill]
Subfm. Charadriinae Vigors 1825
+
G. †Squatarola Cuvier 1817
G. Charadrius Linnaeus 1758
+
Charadrius alexandrinus Linnaeus 1758 [kentish plover]
Charadrius bicinctus Jardine and Selby 1827 [double-banded plover]
Charadrius collaris Vieillot 1818 [collared plover]
Charadrius leschenaultii Lesson 1826 [greater sand-plover]
Charadrius mongolus Pallas 1776 [lesser sand-plover]
Charadrius montanus Townsend 1837 [mountain plover]
Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian dotterel]
Charadrius nivosus Cassin 1858 [snowy plover]
Charadrius obscurus Gmelin 1789 [red-breasted dotterel]
Charadrius sanctaehelenae Harting 1873 [Saint Helena plover]
Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte 1825 [semipalmated plover]
Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus 1758 [killdeer]
Invalid names: Aegialitis Boie 1822 [synonym], Eudromias Brehm 1831 [synonym], Eupoda Brandt 1845 [synonym], Oxyechus Reichenbach 1852 [synonym]
G. †Dorypaltus Brodkorb 1959 [lapwing]
+
†Dorypaltus prophatus Brodkorb 1959 [lapwing]
G. †Jiliniornis Hou and Ericson 2002
+
†Jiliniornis huadianensis Hou and Ericson 2002
G. Oreopholus Jardine and Selby 1835
+
†Oreopholus orcesi Campbell 1976
G. Pluvialis Brisson 1760
+
Pluvialis apricaria Linnaeus 1758 [European golden-plover]
Pluvialis dominica Mueller 1776 [American golden plover]
Pluvialis fulva Gmelin 1789 [Pacific golden-plover]
Pluvialis squatarola Linnaeus 1758 [black-bellied plover]
G. †Pseudosterna Mercerat 1897
+
†Pseudosterna degener Mercerat 1897
†Pseudosterna papeana Mercerat 1897
Subfm. Vanellinae Bonaparte 1842 [crested plover]
+
G. Belonopterus Reichenbach 1852
G. †Lobivanellus Strickland
G. †Viator Campbell 1979 [lapwing]
G. Vanellus Brisson 1760
+
†Vanellus liffyae De Pietri et al. 2018
†Vanellus madagascariensis Goodman 1997 [Malagasy lapwing]
†Vanellus selysi Van Beneden 1871
Vanellus vanellus Linnaeus 1758 [northern lapwing]
Invalid names: Pluvialinae MacGillivray 1852 [empty]
Fm. †Rhegminornithidae Wetmore 1943
+
G. †Rhegminornis Wetmore 1943
+
†Rhegminornis calobates Wetmore 1943
Invalid names: Oedicnemidae Gray 1840 [empty]
Invalid names: Burhinoidea [empty], Glareoloidea [empty], Haematopoidea [empty]
Infraor. Dromaides
hide
Fm. Dromadidae Gray 1840
+
G. Dromas Paykull 1805 [crab-plover]
+
Dromas ardeola Paykull 1805 [crab-plover]
G. †Ocyplanus De Vis 1905
Infraor. Scolopacides
hide
Invalid names: Scolopacoidea [empty], Thinocoroidea [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Holocene or 48.07000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.03 Ma

Collections (88 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03China (Jilin) Jiliniornis huadianensis (71665)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45France Charadriidae indet. (152490)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Saudi Arabia Charadriinae indet. (47095)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Florida) Rhegminornis calobates (18597)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Belgium (Kruibeke) Vanellus selysi (67016)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Australia (South Australia) Vanellus liffyae (13317)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Pluvialis squatarola (52582)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (California) Charadrius sp. (178012)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Pluvialis apricaria, Vanellus vanellus (197789) Vanellus vanellus (197790)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy Pluvialis apricaria (197927)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (California) Charadrius vociferus (152008) Oxyechus vociferus (150336) Oxyechus vociferus, Squatarola squatarola (192630) Squatarola squatarola (161536)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Florida) Charadrius vociferus (20491)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Wales) Pluvialis apricaria (124954)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Eupoda montana (71670)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Charadrius vociferus, Dorypaltus prophatus (20595) Dorypaltus prosphatus (20573)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru Charadrius vociferus, Viator picis, Belonopterus edmondi, Charadrius semipalmatus, Pluvialis squatarola, Pluvialis dominica, Charadrius collaris (71346)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Charadrius vociferus, Charadrius montanus (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) Pluvialis fulva (193369 193374 193384)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Charadrius semipalmatus, Pluvialis squatarola (120829 176102) Charadrius vociferus, Charadrius semipalmatus, Charadrius nivosus (215552) Charadrius vociferus, Pluvialis squatarola, Charadrius nivosus (123918) Eupoda montana, Oxyechus vociferus, Squatarola squatarola (190077)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Cayman Islands Charadrius vociferus (209851)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain (Santander) Pluvialis squatarola (125320)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Pluvialis squatarola (150207)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnesus) Eudromias morinellus (184245)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Jordan Charadrius sp. (197945)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Santa Cruz) Charadriidae indet. (71336)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Venezuela (Zulia) Charadrius vociferus (63515)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation Pluvialis sp., Limicolae indet. (194811)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Ecuador Charadrius vociferus, Charadrius semipalmatus, Pluvialis squatarola, Pluvialis dominica, Oreopholus orcesi (152599)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Charadrius bicinctus, Pluvialis squatarola (136072)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Charadrius vociferus (82258) Pluvialis dominica (103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117New Zealand (South Island) Charadrius bicinctus, Charadrius obscurus (87814)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mexico (Chiapas) Charadrius semipalmatus (195047)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar Dromas ardeola (215531) Vanellus madagascariensis (236022) Vanellus madagscariensis (195019)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Micronesia, Federated States of Pluvialis dominica (194650) Pluvialis dominica, Charadrius leschenaultii (194651)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Caledonia Charadrius bicinctus (193986) Pluvialis dominica, Charadrius mongolus (193985)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia Pluvialis dominica (194675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina Oreopholus ruficollis (215542)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (England) Vanellus vanellus (125446 125450)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Pitcairn Pluvialis fulva (193786)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tonga (Vava'u) Pluvialis fulva (208862 208865)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Northern Mariana Islands Pluvialis fulva (194626 194627 194643 194644 194645)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Charadrius vociferus, Pluvialis squatarola (194907) Pluvialis squatarola (194906 194912 194914 194925)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Norfolk Island Pluvialis fulva (194562 194563 194564 194565 194566 194567)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tonga Pluvialis dominica (194751)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand Charadrius bicinctus, Charadrius obscurus, Anarhynchus frontalis (100554) Charadrius obscurus, Anarhynchus frontalis (194619)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Cook Islands Pluvialis dominica (194764)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Saint Helena Charadrius sanctaehelenae (176072 176073 176075)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Nunavut) Charadriinae sp. (160848)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Limicolae indet. (220460)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Charadrius bicinctus (215583)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Solomon Islands Pluvialis dominica (209061 209062 209067 209099)