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Creodonta (creodont)

Mammalia - Creodonta

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1875Creodonta Cope p. 3
1889Creodonta Cope p. 876
1891Creodonta Cope p. 6
1891Creodonta Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1897Creodonta Ameghino p. 501
1898Creodonta Gadow p. 50
1902Creodonta Hay p. 743
1908Creodonta Lambe
1910Creodonta Gregory p. 465
1930Creodonta Hay p. 458
1940Creodonta Pilgrim p. 148
1958Creodonta Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg p. 11
1965Creodonta Savage p. 243
1975Creodonta McKenna p. 42
1988Creodonta Carroll
1998Creodonta Gunnell
2006Creodonta Lopatin
2009Creodonta Bajpai et al. p. 103
2009Creodonta Spaulding et al. p. 5 figs. Figure 2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
RankNameAuthor
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
orderCreodonta()
orderCreodonta()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Creodonta Cope 1875 [creodont]
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G. †Altacreodus Fox 2015
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†Altacreodus magnus Clemens and Russell 1965
Or. †Hyaenodonta Van Valen 1967
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G. †Eoproviverra Solé et al. 2014
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†Eoproviverra eisenmanni Godinot 1981
Superfm. †Hyaenodontoidea Leidy 1869
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Fm. †Hyaenodontidae Leidy 1869
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G. †Acrohyaenodon Ameghino 1904
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†Acrohyaenodon acutidens Rovereto 1914
†Acrohyaenodon pungens Ameghino 1904
G. †Ahknatenavus Holroyd 1999
Subfm. †Arfiinae Solé et al. 2014
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G. †Arfia Van Valen 1965
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Invalid names: Anthracoxyaena Tong and Wang 2006 [synonym]
G. †Boritia Solé et al. 2014
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†Boritia duffaudi Solé et al. 2014
G. †Cartierodon Solé and Mennecart 2019
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†Cartierodon egerkingensis Solé and Mennecart 2019
G. †Cynohyaenodon Filhol 1873
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†Cynohyaenodon cayluxi Filhol 1873
†Cynohyaenodon lautricensis Lange-Badré 1978
†Cynohyaenodon magnus Crochet 1988
†Cynohyaenodon minor Filhol 1877
†Cynohyaenodon ruetimeyeri Lange-Badré 1979
†Cynohyaenodon trux Solé et al. 2014
Invalid names: Pseudosinopa Deperet 1917 [synonym]
G. †Eurotherium Polly and Lange-Badré 1993
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†Eurotherium matthesi Lange-Badré and Haubold 1990
†Eurotherium theriodis Van Valen 1965
Subfm. †Hyaenodontinae Trouessart 1885
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G. †Hyaenodon Laizer and Parieu 1838
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Invalid names: Protohyaenodon Stock 1933 [synonym], Pseudopterodon Schlosser 1887 [synonym], Taxotherium Blainville 1841 [synonym]
G. †Isphanatherium Lavrov and Averianov 1998
G. †Megalopterodon Dashzeveg 1964
G. †Neoparapterodon Lavrov 1996
G. †Propterodon Martin 1906
Subfm. †Indohyaenodontinae Solé et al. 2014
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G. †Indohyaenodon Bajpai et al. 2009
G. †Yarshea Egi et al. 2004
G. †Ischnognathus Stovall 1948
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†Ischnognathus savagei Stovall 1948
Subfm. †Koholiinae Crochet 1988
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G. †Boualitomus Gheerbrant et al. 2006
G. †Koholia Crochet 1988
G. †Lahimia Solé et al. 2009
G. †Leonhardtina Matthes 1952
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†Leonhardtina godinoti Solé et al. 2014
†Leonhardtina gracilis Matthes 1952
†Leonhardtina meridianum Solé et al. 2020
G. †Matthodon Lange-Badré and Haubold 1990
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†Matthodon menui Rich 1971
†Matthodon peignei Solé et al. 2020
†Matthodon tritens Lange-Badré and Haubold 1990
G. †Neohyaenodon Thorpe 1922
G. †Oxyaenoides Matthes 1967
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†Oxyaenoides aumelasiensis Solé et al. 2020
†Oxyaenoides bicuspidens Matthes 1967
†Oxyaenoides lindgreni Rich 1971
†Oxyaenoides schlosseri Rütimeyer 1891
Invalid names: Francotherium Rich 1971 [synonym]
G. †Paracynohyaenodon Martin 1906
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†Paracynohyaenodon magnus Crochet 1991
G. †Preregidens Solé et al. 2015
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†Preregidens langebadrae Solé et al. 2015
Unr. †Prionogalidae Morales et al. 2008
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G. †Namasector Morales et al. 2008
G. †Prionogale Schmidt-Kittler and Heizmann 1991
G. †Prodissopsalis Matthes 1950
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†Prodissopsalis eocaenicus Matthes 1952
Invalid names: Imperatoria Matthes 1952 [synonym]
G. †Protopsalis Cope 1880
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†Protopsalis tigrinus Cope 1880
G. †Quercytherium Filhol 1880
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†Quercytherium simplicidens Solé et al. 2014
†Quercytherium tenebrosum Solé et al. 2014
G. †Schizophagus Lange-Badre 1975
Subfm. †Sinopinae Solé et al. 2014
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G. †Acarictis Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
G. †Galecyon Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
G. †Gazinocyon Polly 1996
G. †Prototomus Cope 1874
G. †Proviverroides Bown 1982
G. †Pyrocyon Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
G. †Sinopa Leidy 1871
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Invalid names: Stypolophus Cope 1871 [synonym], Triacodon Marsh 1871 [synonym]
G. †Tritemnodon Matthew 1906
G. †Thereutherium Filhol 1876
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†Thereutherium thylacodes Filhol 1876
G. †Tinerhodon Gheerbrant 1995
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†Tinerhodon disputatus Gheerbrant 1995
Invalid names: Hyaenaelurinae Pilgrim 1932 [empty]
Subfm. †Proviverrinae Schlosser 1886
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G. †Alienetherium Lange-Badre 1981
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†Alienetherium buxwilleri Lange-Badré 1981
G. †Allopterodon Ginsburg 1978
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†Allopterodon bulbosus Lange-Badré 1979
†Allopterodon minor Lange-Badré 1979
†Allopterodon torvidus Van Valen 1965
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Invalid names: Prodissopsalis phonax Van Valen 1965 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hurzelerius Lange-Badré 1984 [synonym]
G. †Consobrinus Lange-Badre 1979
G. †Lesmesodon Morlo and Habersetzer 1999
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†Lesmesodon behnkeae Morlo and Habersetzer 1999
†Lesmesodon edingeri Morlo and Habersetzer 1999
G. †Minimovellentodon Solé et al. 2014
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†Minimovellentodon russelli Solé et al. 2014
G. †Morlodon Solé 2013
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†Morlodon vellerei Solé 2013
G. †Paenoxyaenoides Lange-Badre 1979
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†Paenoxyaenoides liguritor Lange-Badré 1979
G. †Parvagula Lange-Badré 1987
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†Parvagula palulae Lange-Badré 1987
G. †Praecodens Lange-Badre 1981
G. †Proviverra Rütimeyer 1862
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†Proviverra americana Scott 1892
†Proviverra americanus Scott 1892
†Proviverra edingeri Springhorn 1982
†Proviverra longipes Peterson 1919
†Proviverra typica Rütimeyer 1862
Invalid names: Geiselotherium Matthes 1952 [synonym], Mimocyon Peterson 1919 [synonym], Prorhyzaena Rutimeyer 1891 [synonym]
Superfm. †Hyainailouroidea Borths et al. 2016
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Unr. †Hyainailouridae Solé et al. 2015
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+
G. †Apterodon Fischer 1880
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Invalid names: Dasyurodon Andreae 1887 [synonym]
G. †Quasiapterodon Lavrov 1999
Unr. †Hyainailourinae Pilgrim 1932
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G. †Akhnatenavus Holroyd 1999
G. †Hemipsalodon Cope 1885
Tr. †Hyainailourini Ginsburg 1980
G. †Hyainailouros Stehlin 1907
G. †Isohyaenodon Savage 1965
G. †Kerberos Solé et al. 2015
G. †Leakitherium Savage 1965
G. †Megistotherium Savage 1973
G. †Metapterodon Stromer 1923
G. †Mlanyama Rasmussen and Gutierrez 2009
G. †Orienspterodon Egi et al. 2007
G. †Parapterodon Lange-Badre 1979
Tr. †Paroxyaenini Lavrov 2007
G. †Parvavorodon Solé et al. 2014
G. †Pterodon Blainville 1839
G. †Simbakubwa Borths and Stevens 2019
Invalid names: Dissopsalini Morales and Pickford 2017 [empty], Metapterodontini Morales and Pickford 2017 [empty], Pterodontinae Polly 1996 [synonym]
G. †Kyawdawia Egi et al. 2005
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†Kyawdawia lupina Egi et al. 2005
G. †Metasinopa Osborn 1909
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†Metasinopa fraasii Osborn 1909
†Metasinopa napaki Savage 1965
†Metasinopa osborni Holroyd 1994
G. †Paratritemnodon Ranga Rao 1973
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†Paratritemnodon indicus Ranga Rao 1973
†Paratritemnodon jandewalensis Thewissen et al. 2001
Unr. †Teratodontinae Savage 1965
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G. †Anasinopa Savage 1965
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†Anasinopa haasi Tchernov 1987
†Anasinopa leakeyi Savage 1965
G. †Brychotherium Holroyd 1994
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†Brychotherium atrox Holroyd 1994
†Brychotherium ephalmos Holroyd 1994
†Brychotherium ethiopica Andrews 1906
G. †Buhakia Morlo et al. 2007
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†Buhakia moghraensis Morlo et al. 2007
G. †Dissopsalis Pilgrim 1910
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†Dissopsalis carnifex Pilgrim 1910
G. †Ekweeconfractus Flink et al. 2021
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†Ekweeconfractus amorui Flink et al. 2021
G. †Furodon Solé et al. 2014
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†Furodon crocheti Solé et al. 2014
G. †Glibzegdouia Crochet et al. 2001
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†Glibzegdouia tabelbalaensis Crochet et al. 2001
G. †Masrasector Simons and Gingerich 1974
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†Masrasector aegypticum Simons and Gingerich 1974
†Masrasector ligabuei Crochet et al. 1990
†Masrasector nananubis Borths and Seiffert 2017
G. †Pakakali Borths and Stevens 2017
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†Pakakali rukwaensis Borths and Stevens 2017
G. †Teratodon Savage 1965
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†Teratodon enigmae Savage 1965
†Teratodon spekei Savage 1965
Subfm. †Limnocyoninae Wortman 1902
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G. †Iridodon Morlo and Gunnell 2003
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†Iridodon datzae Morlo and Gunnell 2003
G. †Limnocyon Marsh 1872
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†Limnocyon cuspidens Morlo and Gunnell 2005
†Limnocyon medius Wortman 1902
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Invalid names: Thinocyon submedius Morlo et al. 2000 [synonym]
†Limnocyon potens Matthew 1909
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Invalid names: Limnocyon douglassi Peterson 1919 [synonym]
†Limnocyon verus Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Limnocyon riparius Marsh 1872 [synonym], Triacodon grandis Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Telmatocyon Marsh 1899 [synonym]
G. †Oxyaenodon Matthew 1899
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†Oxyaenodon dysodus Matthew 1899
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Invalid names: Oxyaenodon dysclerus Hay 1902 [synonym]
†Oxyaenodon wortmani Van Valen 1966
G. †Prolaena Xu et al. 1979
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†Prolaena parva Xu et al. 1979
G. †Prolimnocyon Matthew and Granger 1915
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†Prolimnocyon antiquus Matthew and Granger 1915
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Invalid names: Prolimnocyon elisabethae Gazin 1952 [synonym]
†Prolimnocyon atavus Matthew and Granger 1915
†Prolimnocyon chowi Meng et al. 1998
†Prolimnocyon eerius Gingerich 1989
†Prolimnocyon haematus Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
G. †Thinocyon Marsh 1872
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†Thinocyon sichowensis Chow 1975
†Thinocyon velox Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Thinocyon cledensis Matthew 1909 [synonym], Thinocyon minimus Matthew 1909 [synonym], Thinocyon mustelinus Matthew 1909 [synonym], Thinocyon wyomingensis Morlo et al. 2000 [synonym]
Invalid names: Limnocyonini Wortman 1902 [empty], Machaeroidini Matthew 1909 [empty]
Unr. †Oxyaenodonta Van Valen 1971
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Fm. †Oxyaenidae Cope 1877
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G. †Dipsalidictis Matthew and Granger 1915
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†Dipsalidictis aequidens Matthew and Granger 1915
†Dipsalidictis krausei Gunnell and Gingerich 1991
†Dipsalidictis platypus Matthew and Granger 1915
†Dipsalidictis transiens Matthew and Granger 1915
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Invalid names: Dipsalidictis amplus Jepsen 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dipsalidictides Denison 1938 [synonym]
G. †Dipsalodon Jepsen 1930
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†Dipsalodon matthewi Jepsen 1930
G. †Dormaalodon Lange-Badré 1987
G. †Galethylax Gervais 1850
G. †Machaeroides Matthew 1909
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†Machaeroides eothen Matthew 1909
†Machaeroides simpsoni Dawson et al. 1986
Subfm. †Machaeroidinae
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G. †Apataelurus Scott 1937
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†Apataelurus kayi Scott 1937
†Apataelurus pishigouensis Tong and Lei 1986
G. †Diegoaelurus Zach et al. 2022
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†Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae Zach et al. 2022
Subfm. †Oxyaeninae Trouessart 1885
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G. †Malfelis Stucky and Hardy 2007
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†Malfelis badwaterensis Stucky and Hardy 2007
G. †Oxyaena Cope 1874
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†Oxyaena forcipata Cope 1874
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Invalid names: Oxyaena ultima Denison 1938 [synonym]
†Oxyaena gulo Matthew and Granger 1915
†Oxyaena intermedia Denison 1938
†Oxyaena lupina Cope 1874
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Invalid names: Oxyaena huerfanensis Osborn 1897 [synonym], Oxyaena morsitans Cope 1874 [synonym]
†Oxyaena pardalis Matthew and Granger 1915
†Oxyaena simpsoni Van Valen 1966
†Oxyaena woutersi Lange-Badré and Godinot 1982
Invalid names: Argillotherium Davies 1884 [synonym]
G. †Patriofelis Leidy 1870
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†Patriofelis ferox Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Limnofelis latidens Marsh 1872 [synonym]
†Patriofelis leidyanus Osborn and Wortman 1892
†Patriofelis ulta Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Patriofelis coloradensis Matthew 1909 [synonym], Patriofelis compressa Denison 1938 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aelurotherium Adams 1896 [synonym], Limnofelis Marsh 1872 [synonym], Oreocyon Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Subfm. †Palaeonictinae Denison 1938
+
G. †Ambloctonus Cope 1875
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†Ambloctonus major Denison 1938
†Ambloctonus priscus Matthew and Granger 1915
†Ambloctonus sinosus Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Ambloctonus hyaenoides Matthew and Granger 1915 [synonym]
G. †Palaeonictis de Blainville 1842
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†Palaeonictis gigantea de Blainville 1842
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Invalid names: Dormaalodon woutersi Lange-Badré 1987 [synonym], Oxyaena casieri Quinet 1966 [synonym]
†Palaeonictis peloria Rose 1981
†Palaeonictis wingi Chester et al. 2010
G. †Sarkastodon Granger 1938
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†Sarkastodon henanensis Tong and Lei 1986
†Sarkastodon mongoliensis Granger 1938
G. †Tytthaena Gingerich 1980
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†Tytthaena lichna Rose 1981
†Tytthaena parrisi Gingerich 1980
Invalid names: Ambloctonidae Cope 1877 [empty], Amblyctonidae Cope 1877 [empty], Arctocyonoidae Trouessart 1885 [empty], Hyaenodontida Leidy 1869 [empty], Limnocyonidae [empty], Oxyaenoidae Cope 1877 [empty], Uintacyonidae Hay 1902 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. J. G. Savage 1965Creodonta with teeth primitive, tritubercular, varying towards sectorial or bunodont. No carnassials or specialised shearing teeth. Premolars mostly simple, acute, an inner cusp on P4 sometimes on P3 and P4 canines large,
acute, incisors small. Skull moderately long, brain-case small, sagittal and occipital crestsstrong,occiputnarrowandhigh,tympanicbullanotossified, [afterMatthew 1937]-
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Serravallian or 70.60000 to 11.62000 Ma

Collections (866 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Cimolestes magnus (14519 14598)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Cimolestes magnus (14630 14633 14635 14637)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Cimolestes magnus (14558)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Cimolestes magnus (14516 14532)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Cimolestes magnus (45144)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9Canada (Alberta) Creodonta indet. (14828)
Ti161.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Creodonta indet. (14939)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8Canada (Alberta) Creodonta indet. (14925)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Dipsalidictis krausei (190428 190456 190483) Dipsalodon churchillorum (15056 15068 53059 190472) Tytthaena parrisi (14936 15017)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Morocco Boualitomus marocanensis (68176) Lahimia selloumi (133217)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Kenya (Nyanza) Creodonta indet. (21338 21339)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Pakistan (Sind) Hyainailouros sulzeri (71443 71444)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Nepal Hyaenodontidae indet. (48712)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Jammu and Kashmir) Dissopsalis sp. (11797)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Kenya Pterodon nyanzae, Hyaenodon andrewsi (21724)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Namibia Hyainailourus sulzeri (21855)
Middle Miocene - Tortonian15.97 - 7.246Pakistan (Minanwali) Dissopsalis carnifex (13489)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Pakistan (Sind) Hyainailouros sulzeri (71451) Pterodon sp. (71449)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya (Central Nyanza) Dissopsalis sp., Megistotherium osteothlastes, Dissopsalis pyroclasticus (21340)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Hyaenodontidae indet. (35277 35281)