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Pteraspidomorphi (jawless fish)

Taxonomy
Pteraspidomorphi was named by Goodrich (1909).

It was reranked as the subclass Pteraspidomorphi by Bryant (1932), Dineley and Metcalf (1999), Nelson et al. (2016); it was reranked as the superclass Pteraspidomorphi by Van Der Laan (2019).

It was assigned to Ostracodermi by Bryant (1932); to Agnatha by Dineley and Metcalf (1999); to Chordata by Sepkoski (2002); to Vertebrata by Young (1997), Kiessling (2004), Young (2009), Nelson et al. (2016); and to Craniata by Long (2011), Van Der Laan (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1909Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich
1932Pteraspidomorphi Bryant p. 231
1997Pteraspidomorphi Young p. 4
1999Pteraspidomorphi Dineley and Metcalf p. 11
2002Pteraspidomorphi Sepkoski
2004Pteraspidomorphi Kiessling
2009Pteraspidomorphi Young p. 80
2011Pteraspidomorphi Long p. 241
2016Pteraspidomorphi Nelson et al. p. 26
2019Pteraspidomorphi Van Der Laan p. 15

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
RankNameAuthor
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassPteraspidomorphi(Goodrich 1909)
superclassPteraspidomorphi(Goodrich 1909)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Supercl. †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich 1909 [jawless fish]
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G. †Dipnoides
Or. †Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998
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G. †Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998
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†Cometicercus talimaaae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
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†Drepanolepis maerssae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
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†Furcacauda fredholmae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
†Furcacauda heintzae Dineley and Loeffler 1976
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Invalid names: Sigurdia heintzae Dineley and Loeffler 1976 [replaced]
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†Sphenonectris turnerae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
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Subcl. †Arandaspida Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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Fm. †Arandaspididae Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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G. †Arandaspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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†Arandaspis prionotolepis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Porophoraspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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†Porophoraspis crenulata Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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†Sacabambaspis janvieri Gagnier et al. 1986
Or. †Arandaspidiformes Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
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Invalid names: Porophoraspidae Halstead 1993 [empty]
Fm. †Aseraspididae Halstead 1993
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G. †Aseraspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Subcl. †Astraspida Berg 1940
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Or. †Astrapidiformes Berg 1940
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Fm. †Astraspididae Eastman 1917
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G. †Astraspis Walcott 1892
Or. †Astraspidiformes Berg 1940
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Fm. †Eriptychiidae Tarlo 1962
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G. †Eleochera Sansom and Smith 2005
G. †Eriptychius Walcott 1892
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†Eriptychius americanus Walcott 1892
Fm. †Oniscolepididae Marss and Karatajue-Talimaa 2009
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G. †Oniscolepis Pander 1856
Fm. †Tesakoviaspididae Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2004
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G. †Tesakoviaspis Karatajute-Talimaa and Meredith Smith 2004
Subcl. †Heterostraci Lankester 1868
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Or. †Amphiaspidiformes Novitskaya 2008
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Subor. †Amphiaspidoidei
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Fm. †Amphiaspididae Obruchev 1939
Fm. †Angaraspididae Halstead 1993
Fm. †Edaphaspididae Novitskaya 1968
Fm. †Gabreyaspididae Novitskaya 1968
Fm. †Olbiaspididae Obruchev 1964
G. †Putoranaspis Obruchev 1964
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†Putoranaspis prima Obruchev 1964
G. †Aporemaspis Elliot and Loeffler 1989
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†Aporemaspis pholidata Elliot and Loeffler 1989
Fm. †Ariaspididae Elliott and Swift 2010
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G. †Ariaspis Denison 1963
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†Ariaspis arctata Elliott and Swift 2010
†Ariaspis cristata Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis majuscula Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis multijubata Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis nassichuki Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
†Ariaspis ornata Denison 1963
†Ariaspis perryi Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
G. †Aserotaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
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†Aserotaspis canadensis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Fm. †Cardipeltidae Bryant 1933
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G. †Cardipeltis Branson and Mehl 1931
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†Cardipeltis bryanti Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis richardsoni Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis wallacii Branson and Mehl 1931
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Invalid names: Cardipeltis oblongus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Cardipeltis sinclairi Bryant 1933 [synonym]
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Fm. †Corvaspididae Dineley 1953
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G. †Corvaspis Woodward 1934
Subor. †Cyathaspida Kiaer 1932
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Unr. †Cyathaspidei Kiaer 1932
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Fm. †Diplaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Tolypaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Traquairaspidae Kiaer 1932
G. †Homalaspidella Strand 1934
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†Homalaspidella borealis Denison 1963
†Homalaspidella nitida Kiaer 1932
Unr. †Poraspidei Kiaer 1932
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Fm. †Ctenaspidae Kiaer 1930
Fm. †Dinaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Palaeaspidae Kiaer 1932
Or. †Cyathaspidiformes Kaier 1930
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Fm. †Cyathaspididae Kiaer 1932
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Subfm. †Anglaspidinae Kiaer 1932
G. †Archegonaspis Jaekel 1927
Subfm. †Boothiaspidinae Elliott 2016
Subfm. †Cyathaspidinae Denison 1964
G. †Dikenaspis Denison 1963
G. †Eoarchegonaspis Kiaer 1932
G. †Faberaspis Elliott et al. 2018
Subfm. †Irregulareaspidinae Denison 1964
Subfm. †Poraspidinae Kiaer 1932
G. †Ptomaspis Denison 1963
G. †Sanidaspis Bystrow 1959
G. †Vernonaspis Flower and Smith 1952
Subor. †Cyathaspidoidei
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Fm. †Dictyaspidellidae Fowler 1947
Fm. †Dictyonaspidae Berg 1940
Fm. †Torpedaspididae Halstead 1993
Invalid names: Americaspidae Fowler 1947 [empty], Anglaspidae Kiaer 1932 [empty], Dinaspidellidae Strand 1934 [empty], Irregularaspidae Kiaer and Heinz 1935 [empty]
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Fm. †Aphataspididae Novitskaya 1971
Fm. †Eglonaspididae Tarlo 1962
Fm. †Hibernaspididae Obruchev 1939
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Fm. †Siberiaspididae Novitskaya 1968
Fm. †Tuxeraspididae Novitskaya 1968
Fm. †Guerichosteidae Halstead Tarlo 1964
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G. †Guerichosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964
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†Guerichosteus heterolepis Preobrazhensky 1911
†Guerichosteus kozlowskii Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Hariosteus Halstead Tarlo 1964
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†Hariosteus kielanae Halstead Tarlo 1964
Or. †Lepidaspidiformes Halstead 1993
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Fm. †Lepidaspididae Halstead 1993
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G. †Lepidaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
G. †Munchoaspis Tarrant 1991
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†Munchoaspis denisoni Tarrant 1991
Fm. †Protaspidae Bryant 1933
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G. †Eucyrtaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1940
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Invalid names: Cyrtaspis Bryant 1932 [replaced]
G. †Psammolepis Agassiz 1843
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†Psammolepis abavica Mark-Kurik 1965
†Psammolepis aerata Obruchev 1965
†Psammolepis alata Obruchev 1965
†Psammolepis groenlandica Halstead Tarlo 1964
†Psammolepis paradoxa Agassiz 1845
†Psammolepis toriensis Mark-Kurik 1965
†Psammolepis venyukovi Obruchev 1965
Or. †Psammosteiformes Berg 1937
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Fm. †Obrucheviidae Halstead Tarlo 1964
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G. †Obruchevia Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Perscheia Elliott et al. 2004
Fm. †Pycnosteidae Tarlo 1962
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G. †Pycnolepis Halstead Tarlo 1964
G. †Tartuosteus Obruchev 1961
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Invalid names: Rohonosteus Tarlo 1962 [synonym]
Or. †Pteraspidiformes Berg 1940
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Fm. †Anchipteraspididae Elliott 1984
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G. †Anchipteraspis Elliott 1984
G. †Rhachiaspis Elliott 1984
G. †Ulutitaspis Elliott 1984
G. †Dnestraspis Novitskaya 1983
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†Dnestraspis firma Novitskaya 1983
Fm. †Protopteraspididae Novitskaya 1983
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G. †Canadapteraspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
G. †Escharaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Gigantaspis Heintz 1962
G. †Loricopteraspis Halstead Tarlo 1961
G. †Miltaspis Blieck 1982
G. †Protopteraspis Leriche 1924
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Invalid names: Simopteraspis Denison 1970 [synonym]
G. †Stegobranchiaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Zascinaspis Stensiu 1958
Fm. †Pteraspididae Claypole 1885
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G. †Archaeoteuthis Roemer 1855
G. †Chiastolepis Eichwald 1844
G. †Clavulaspis Elliott et al. 2020
G. †Ecphymaspis Elliott et al. 2020
G. †Glossoidaspis Branson and Mehl 1931
G. †Helaspis Elliott et al. 2000
G. †Holaspis Lankester 1873
G. †Mitraspis Elliott et al. 2015
G. †Mylopteraspis Stensiu 1958
G. †Palaeoteuthis Roemer 1855
G. †Rhachiaspis Elliott 1984
G. †Scaphaspis Lankester 1865
G. †Scutellaspis Elliott et al. 2020
G. †Sphagodus Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Doryaspidinae Heintz 1967 [empty], Pteraspidinae Claypole 1885 [empty]
Subor. †Pteraspidoidei Janvier 1996
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G. †Alaeckaspis Voichyshyn 1999
G. †Blieckaspis Elliott and Ilyes 1996
G. †Djurinaspis Novitskaya 1983
Fm. †Doryaspidae Randle and Sansom 2017
G. †Eucyclaspis Denison 1970
G. †Europrotaspis White 1961
G. †Lamiaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Larnovaspis Blieck 1984
G. †Mylopteraspidella Blieck 1984
G. †Oreaspis Denison 1970
G. †Panamintaspis Elliott and Ilyes 1996
G. †Parapteraspis Stensio 1958
G. †Pirumaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Podolaspis Zych 1931
G. †Protaspis Bryant 1933
Fm. †Psammosteidae Traquair 1896
G. †Pteraspis Kner 1847
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Invalid names: Plesiopteraspis Stensio 1958 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhinopteraspididae Novitskaya 2004
G. †Semipodolaspis Voichyshyn 2011
G. †Unarkaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Rimasventeraspis Tarrant 1991
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†Rimasventeraspis angusta Tarrant 1991
†Rimasventeraspis septentrionalis Thorsteinsson and Elliott 2022
G. †Strosipherus Pander 1856
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Fm. †Natlaspididae Halstead 1993
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G. †Natlaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Fm. †Tesseraspididae Berg 1955
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G. †Tesseraspis Wills 1936
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Fm. †Tolypelepididae Strand 1934
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G. †Tolypelepis Pander 1856
G. †Toombsaspis Tarrant 1991
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†Toombsaspis pococki Tarrant 1991
†Toombsaspis sabrinae Tarrant 1991
Or. †Traquairaspidiformes Stensio 1958
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G. †Phialaspis Wills 1935
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†Phialaspis symondsi Tarrant 1991
Fm. †Weigeltaspidae Berg 1940
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G. †Weigeltaspis Brotzen 1933
Invalid names: Phialaspididae White 1946 [empty]
Invalid names: Cardipeltida [empty], Cardipeltiformes Bryant 1933 [empty], Ceraspidae [empty], Corvaspidida [empty], Drepanaspidae [empty], Lepidaspidida [empty], Olbiaspidida Obruchev 1964 [empty], Palaeaspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidomorphes [synonym], Tesseraspidida [empty], Tolypelepidida [empty], Traquairaspidida Stensio 1958 [empty]
Invalid names: Diplorhina [synonym]
G. †Sigurdia
G. †Tylodus
Invalid names: Pteraspidida Kaier 1932 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Bendigonian to the top of the Pennsylvanian or 474.90000 to 298.90000 Ma

Collections (325 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Arenig477.1 - 468.0Australia (Northern Territory) Arandaspis prionotolepis (90386) Porophoraspis crenulata, Arandaspis prionotolepis (90382)
Bendigonian474.9 - 473.1Australia (Northern Territory) Porophoraspis sp. (90417)
Dapingian - Darriwilian471.3 - 458.2Oman Sacabambaspis sp. (90376)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Australia (Northern Territory) Sacabambaspis sp. (90418)
Darriwilian469.4 - 458.2Oman Sacabambaspis sp. (90377)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.2Australia (Northern Territory) Arandaspis sp., Porophoraspis sp. (90420)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.2Australia (New South Wales) Arandaspis sp. (90375)
Early/Lower Llandeilo461.1 - 458.2Argentina Sacabambaspis janvieri (8868)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5USA (Colorado) Astraspis desiderata, Astraspis splendens, Eriptychius americanus (10380)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5Bolivia (Punata) Sacabambaspis janvieri (210981)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (Nunavut) Traquairosteus kiaeri (239676)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation Psammosteus cuneatus (239673) Psammosteus levis, Traquairosteus ramosus, Traquairosteus pectinatus (239674) Psammosteus maeandrinus, Karelosteus weberi, Psammosteus asper, Traquairosteus pectinatus (239134) Psammosteus tenuis (239675)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Canada (Nunavut) Perscheia pulla (236499)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Russian Federation (Saint Petersburg) Psammosteus megalopteryx (196703)
Middle Frasnian - Late/Upper Frasnian379.0 - 372.15United Kingdom Psammosteus megalopteryx (239413)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Russian Federation Obruchevia heckeri, Psammosteus falcatus (238745) Psammosteus sp. (90336)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15United Kingdom (Scotland) Traquairosteus pustulatus, Traquairosteus falcatus (176215)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Greenland Psammosteus sp. (238738)
Pennsylvanian323.4 - 298.9Ireland Psammosteus granulatus (132818)
Pennsylvanian323.4 - 298.9United Kingdom Psammosteus vermicularis (132819)