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Ardeidae (heron)
Taxonomy
Ardeidae was named by Leach (1820). It is extant. Its type is Ardea.
It was assigned to Ardeoidea by Hay (1902); to Ardeoidae by Hay (1930); to Ardeae by Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956) and Brunet (1970); to Gruiformes by Carroll (1988); to Ardeiformes by Mlikovsky (2002) and Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Ciconiiformes by Brodkorb (1955), Alvarez (1977), Rasmussen et al. (1987), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mayr (2005) and Scofield et al. (2010); to Aequornithes by Mayr (2011); to Pelecaniformes by Louchart et al. (2008), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017) and Steadman and Takano (2019); and to Pelecaniformes by Mayr (2022).
It was assigned to Ardeoidea by Hay (1902); to Ardeoidae by Hay (1930); to Ardeae by Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956) and Brunet (1970); to Gruiformes by Carroll (1988); to Ardeiformes by Mlikovsky (2002) and Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Ciconiiformes by Brodkorb (1955), Alvarez (1977), Rasmussen et al. (1987), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mayr (2005) and Scofield et al. (2010); to Aequornithes by Mayr (2011); to Pelecaniformes by Louchart et al. (2008), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017) and Steadman and Takano (2019); and to Pelecaniformes by Mayr (2022).
Subtaxa
Agamia, Ardea (syn. Casmerodius, Herodias) (type genus), Ardeacites, Ardeagrandis, Ardeinae, Botaurinae, Botaurites, Botaurus, Bubulcus, Butorides, Cochlearius, Egretta (syn. Florida, Leucophoyx, Hydranassa), Ixobrychus, Matuku, Nyctanassa, Nycticorax, Palaeophoyx, Pilherodius, Syrigma, Taphophoyx, Zeltornis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1820 | Ardeidae Leach |
| 1902 | Ardeidae Hay p. 531 |
| 1930 | Ardeidae Hay p. 294 |
| 1933 | Ardeidae Lambrecht p. 310 |
| 1940 | Ardeidae Wetmore p. 14 |
| 1955 | Ardeidae Brodkorb p. 15 |
| 1956 | Ardeidae Wetmore p. 18 |
| 1970 | Ardeidae Brunet p. 16 |
| 1977 | Ardeidae Alvarez p. 214 |
| 1987 | Ardeidae Rasmussen et al. p. 13 |
| 1988 | Ardeidae Carroll |
| 1992 | Ardeidae Emslie p. 252 |
| 1992 | Ardeidae Guthrie p. 321 |
| 2001 | Ardeidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 295 |
| 2002 | Ardeidae Mlikovsky p. 67 |
| 2005 | Ardeidae Mayr p. 318 |
| 2007 | Ardeidae Livezey and Zusi p. 91 |
| 2008 | Ardeidae Louchart et al. p. 156 |
| 2010 | Ardeidae Scofield et al. |
| 2011 | Ardeidae Mayr p. 73 figs. Figure 5 |
| 2014 | Ardeidae del Hoyo et al. |
| 2017 | Ardeidae Clements et al. |
| 2019 | Ardeidae Steadman and Takano |
| 2022 | Ardeidae Mayr p. 119 figs. Fig. 7.1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Ardeidae Leach 1820 [heron]
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G. Ardea Linnaeus 1758 [heron]
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Ardea alba Linnaeus 1758 [great egret]
Ardea alba egretta Gmelin 1789
†Ardea aurelianensis Milne-Edwards 1871
Ardea brachyrhyncha Brehm 1854 [Yellow-billed egret]
†Ardea brunhuberi von Ammon 1911
Ardea cinerea Linnaeus 1758 [gray heron]
Ardea cocoi Linnaeus 1766 [cocoi heron]
†Ardea effosa von Meyer 1843
†Ardea formosa Milne-Edwards 1871
Ardea goliath Cretzschmar 1827 [Goliath heron]
Ardea herodias Linnaeus 1758 [great blue heron]
Ardea humbloti Milne-Edwards and Grandidier 1885 [Humblot's heron]
Ardea insignis Hume 1878 [White-bellied heron]
Ardea intermedia Wagler 1829 [intermediate egret]
†Ardea latipes von Meyer 1843
†Ardea lignitum Gibel 1860
Ardea melanocephala Vigors and Children 1826 [Black-headed heron]
Ardea modesta Gray 1831
Ardea pacifica Latham 1801 [White-necked heron]
†Ardea paloccidentalis Shufeldt 1891
†Ardea piveteaui Brunet 1970
Ardea plumifera Gould 1848 [Plumed egret]
†Ardea polkensis Brodkorb 1955
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 [purple heron]
Ardea sumatrana Raffles 1822 [Great-billed heron]
Invalid names: Casmerodius Gloger 1842 [synonym], Herodias Boie 1822 [synonym]
Subfm. Ardeinae
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G. †Proardea Lambrecht 1933
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†Proardea amissa Milne-Edwards 1892
†Proardea deschutteri Mayr et al. 2019
Invalid names: Ardeini Bock 1956 [empty], Nycticoracini Bonaparte 1854 [empty]
Subfm. Botaurinae Reichenbach 1850
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Tr. Tigriornithini Bock 1956
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G. Tigrisoma Swainson 1827
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Tigrisoma lineatum Boddaert 1783 [Rufescent tiger-heron]
Tigrisoma mexicanum Swainson 1834 [bare-throated tiger-heron]
Invalid names: Botaurini [empty]
G. Botaurus Stephens 1819
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Botaurus lentiginosus Rackett 1813 [American bittern]
Botaurus pinnatus Wagler 1829 [Pinnated bittern]
Botaurus poiciloptilus Wagler 1827 [Australasian bittern]
Botaurus stellaris Linnaeus 1758 [great bittern]
G. Butorides Blyth 1852
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Butorides striata Linnaeus 1758 [striated heron]
†Butorides validipes Campbell 1976
Butorides virescens Linnaeus 1758 [green heron]
G. Egretta Forster 1817 [egret]
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Egretta caerulea Linnaeus 1758 [little blue heron]
Egretta garzetta Linnaeus 1766 [little egret]
Egretta garzetta dimorpha Hartert 1914 [dimorphic egret]
Egretta novaehollandiae Latham 1790 [White-faced heron]
Egretta picata Gould 1845 [pied heron]
Egretta sacra Gmelin 1789 [Pacific reef-heron]
†Egretta subfluvia Becker 1985
Egretta thula Molina 1782 [snowy egret]
Egretta tricolor Statius Muller 1776 [tricolor heron]
Invalid names: Florida Baird 1858 [synonym], Hydranassa Baird 1858 [synonym], Leucophoyx Sharpe 1894 [synonym]
G. Ixobrychus Billberg 1828 [Least bittern]
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Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Gmelin 1789 [Cinnamon bittern]
Ixobrychus dubius Matthews 1912 [Australian little bittern]
Ixobrychus eurhythmus Swinhoe 1873 [Schrenck's bittern]
Ixobrychus exilis Gmelin 1789 [least bittern]
Ixobrychus flavicollis Latham 1790 [Black bittern]
Ixobrychus involucris Vieillot 1823 [Stripe-backed bittern]
Ixobrychus minutus Linnaeus 1766 [Common little bittern]
Ixobrychus novaezelandiae Potts 1871 [New Zealand little bittern]
Ixobrychus sinensis Gmelin 1789 [Yellow bittern]
Ixobrychus sturmii Wagler 1827 [Dwarf bittern]
G. Nyctanassa Stejneger 1887
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†Nyctanassa carcinocatactes Olson and Wingate 2006 [Bermuda night heron]
Nyctanassa violacea Linnaeus 1758 [yellow-crowned night heron]
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Invalid names: Larus vero Shufeldt 1917 [synonym]
G. Nycticorax Forster 1817 [night heron]
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Nycticorax caledonicus Gmelin 1789 [rufous night-heron]
†Nycticorax duboisi Rothschild 1907 [Réunion night heron]
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Invalid names: Nycticorax borbonensis Cowles 1994 [synonym]
†Nycticorax fidens Brodkorb 1963
†Nycticorax kalavikai Steadman et al. 2000 [Niue night heron]
†Nycticorax mauritianus Newton and Gadow 1893 [Mauritius night heron]
†Nycticorax megacephalus Milne-Edwards 1874 [Rodrigues night heron]
Nycticorax nycticorax Linnaeus 1758 [black-crowned night heron]
†Nycticorax olsoni Bourne et al. 2003 [Ascension night heron]
G. Syrigma Ridgway 1824 [whistling heron]
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†Syrigma sanctimartini Campbell 1979
Syrigma sibilatrix Temminck 1824 [Whistling heron]
G. †Zeltornis Balouet 1981
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available