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Somphospondyli

Reptilia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1998Somphospondyli Sereno p. 63
1998Somphospondyli Wilson and Sereno p. 53
1999Somphospondyli Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2002Somphospondyli Wilson p. 240 fig. 13
2004Somphospondyli You et al. p. 910 fig. 6
2005Somphospondyli Curry Rogers p. 73
2007Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. p. 168 figs. 2-4
2008Somphospondyli Allain and Aquesbi p. 403
2008Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü p. 51
2009Somphospondyli González Riga et al. p. 144 fig. 11
2009Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. p. 52
2009Somphospondyli Wilson and Upchurch p. 229 fig. 27
2010Arkharavia Alifanov and Bolotsky p. 85
2010Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov and Bolotsky p. 85 figs. 1-2
2010Somphospondyli Suteethorn et al.
2011Huanghetitan ruyanggensis Jiang et al. p. 1150
2011Huanghetitan ruyangensis Molnar p. 306
2011Arkharavia heterocoelica Saegusa and Tomida p. 257
2011Huanghetitan ruyangensis Saegusa and Tomida p. 257
2011Huanghetitan ruyangensis Xu et al. p. 213
2012Somphospondyli D'Emic
2012Arkharavia Godefroit et al. p. 528
2012Arkharavia heterocoelica Godefroit et al. p. 528
2012Arkharavia Juárez Valieri and Ríos Díaz p. R147
2012Arkharavia heterocoelica Juárez Valieri and Ríos Díaz p. R147
2012Somphospondyli Mateus et al.
2013Somphospondyli D'Emic
2013Huanghetitan ruyangensis Yang et al. p. 275
2015Huanghetitan ruyangesis Cerda et al. p. 14
2015Somphospondyli Filippi p. 20
2015Somphospondyli Xing et al.
2016Huanghetitan ruyangensis Mocho et al. p. 243
2021Somphospondyli Apesteguía et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Eusaurischia
—Sauropodomorpha(Huene 1932)
—Massopoda
—Sauropodiformes
—Sauropoda()
—Gravisauria
—Eusauropoda
—Neosauropoda
—Macronaria
—Titanosauriformes
—Somphospondyli
—Somphospondyli

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Somphospondyli Wilson and Sereno 1998
show all | hide all
G. †Abdarainurus Averianov and Lopatin 2020
+
†Abdarainurus barsboldi Averianov and Lopatin 2020
G. †Angolatitan Mateus et al. 2011
+
†Angolatitan adamastor Mateus et al. 2011
G. †Astrophocaudia D'Emic 2013
+
G. †Australodocus Remes 2007
+
†Australodocus bohetii Remes 2007
G. †Austrosaurus Longman 1933
+
†Austrosaurus mckillopi Longman 1933
G. †Brontomerus Taylor et al. 2011
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†Brontomerus mcintoshi Taylor et al. 2011
G. †Chubutisaurus del Corro 1975
+
†Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro 1975
G. †Dongbeititan Wang et al. 2007
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†Dongbeititan dongi Wang et al. 2007
Unr. †Euhelopodidae Romer 1956 [euhelopodid]
+
G. †Daxiatitan You et al. 2008
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†Daxiatitan binglingi You et al. 2008
G. †Erketu Ksepka and Norell 2006
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†Erketu ellisoni Ksepka and Norell 2006
G. †Euhelopus Romer 1956
+
†Euhelopus zdanskyi Wiman 1929
Invalid names: Helopus Wiman 1929 [replaced]
G. †Gobititan You et al. 2003
+
†Gobititan shenzhouensis You et al. 2003
G. †Huabeisaurus Pang and Cheng 2000
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†Huabeisaurus allocotus Pang and Cheng 2000
G. †Phuwiangosaurus Martin et al. 1994
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†Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin et al. 1994
G. †Qiaowanlong You and Li 2009
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†Qiaowanlong kangxii You and Li 2009
G. †Ruyangosaurus Lü et al. 2009
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†Ruyangosaurus giganteus Lü et al. 2009
G. †Silutitan Wang et al. 2021
+
†Silutitan sinensis Wang et al. 2021
G. †Tambatitanis Saegusa and Ikeda 2014
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†Tambatitanis amicitiae Saegusa and Ikeda 2014
G. †Tangvayosaurus Allain et al. 1999
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†Tangvayosaurus hoffeti Allain et al. 1999
G. †Xianshanosaurus Lü et al. 2009
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†Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis Lü et al. 2009
G. †Yongjinglong Li et al. 2014
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†Yongjinglong datangi Li et al. 2014
G. †Europatitan Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
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†Europatitan eastwoodi Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
G. †Gannansaurus Lü et al. 2013
+
†Gannansaurus sinensis Lü et al. 2013
G. †Huanghetitan You et al. 2006
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†Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis You et al. 2006
G. †Jiangshanosaurus Tang et al. 2001
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†Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis Tang et al. 2001
G. †Ligabuesaurus Bonaparte et al. 2006
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†Ligabuesaurus leanzai Bonaparte et al. 2006
G. †Liubangosaurus Mo et al. 2010
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†Liubangosaurus hei Mo et al. 2010
G. †Padillasaurus Carballido et al. 2015
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†Padillasaurus leivaensis Carballido et al. 2015
G. †Ruixinia Mo et al. 2023
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†Ruixinia zhangi Mo et al. 2023
G. †Sauroposeidon Wedel et al. 2000
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†Sauroposeidon proteles Wedel et al. 2000
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Invalid names: Paluxysaurus jonesi Rose 2007 [synonym]
Invalid names: Paluxysaurus Rose 2007 [synonym]
G. †Sibirotitan Averianov et al. 2018
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†Sibirotitan astrosacralis Averianov et al. 2018
G. †Sonidosaurus Xu et al. 2006
+
G. †Tastavinsaurus Canudo et al. 2008
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†Tastavinsaurus sanzi Canudo et al. 2008
Unr. †Titanosauria Bonaparte and Coria 1993
+
G. †Aegyptosaurus Stromer 1932
+
G. †Andesaurus Calvo and Bonaparte 1991
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†Andesaurus delgadoi Calvo and Bonaparte 1991
G. †Argyrosaurus Lydekker 1893
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†Argyrosaurus superbus Lydekker 1893
G. †Baalsaurus Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019
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†Baalsaurus mansillai Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019
Fm. †Balochisauridae Malkani 2003
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Subfm. †Balochisaurinae Malkani 2010
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G. †Balochisaurus Malkani 2004
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†Balochisaurus malkani Malkani 2006
G. †Maojandino Malkani 2014
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†Maojandino alami Malkani 2014
Subfm. †Marisaurinae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Marisaurus Malkani 2003
+
†Marisaurus jeffi Malkani 2004
G. †Baotianmansaurus Zhang et al. 2009
+
†Baotianmansaurus henanensis Zhang et al. 2009
G. †Barrosasaurus Salgado and Coria 2009
+
†Barrosasaurus casamiquelai Salgado and Coria 2009
G. †Choconsaurus Simón et al. 2018
+
†Choconsaurus baileywillisi Simón et al. 2018
G. †Dgkhansaurus Malkani 2019
+
†Dgkhansaurus maarri Malkani 2019
G. †Dongyangosaurus Lü et al. 2008
+
†Dongyangosaurus sinensis Lü et al. 2008
G. †Dzharatitanis Averianov and Sues 2021
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†Dzharatitanis kingi Averianov and Sues 2021
G. †Hamititan Wang et al. 2021
+
†Hamititan xinjiangensis Wang et al. 2021
G. †Karongasaurus Gomani 2005
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†Karongasaurus gittelmani Gomani 2005
G. †Laplatasaurus Huene 1927
+
Unr. †Lithostrotia Upchurch et al. 2004
+
G. †Antarctosaurus Huene 1927
+
Invalid names: Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Arid and Vizotto 1971 [nomen dubium], Antarctosaurus giganteus Huene 1927 [nomen dubium], Antarctosaurus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen dubium]
G. †Arackar Rubilar-Rogers et al. 2021
+
†Arackar licanantay Rubilar-Rogers et al. 2021
G. †Atacamatitan Kellner et al. 2011
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†Atacamatitan chilensis Kellner et al. 2011
G. †Elaltitan Mannion and Otero 2012
+
†Elaltitan lilloi Mannion and Otero 2012
G. †Epachthosaurus Powell 1990
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†Epachthosaurus sciuttoi Powell 1990
Unr. †Eutitanosauria Sanz et al. 1999
+
G. †Argentinosaurus Bonaparte and Coria 1993
+
†Argentinosaurus huinculensis Bonaparte and Coria 1993
G. †Bonitasaura Apesteguía 2004
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†Bonitasaura salgadoi Apesteguía 2004
Unr. †Colossosauria González Riga et al. 2019
+
Unr. †Aeolosaurini Franco-Rosas et al. 2004
G. †Chucarosaurus Agnolin et al. 2023
Unr. †Lognkosauria Calvo et al. 2007
G. †Notocolossus González Riga et al. 2016
G. †Puertasaurus Novas et al. 2005
Unr. †Rinconsauria Calvo et al. 2007
G. †Dreadnoughtus Lacovara et al. 2014
+
†Dreadnoughtus schrani Lacovara et al. 2014
G. †Menucocelsior Rolando et al. 2022
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†Menucocelsior arriagadai Rolando et al. 2022
G. †Patagotitan Carballido et al. 2017
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†Patagotitan mayorum Carballido et al. 2017
Unr. †Saltasauroidea Powell 1992
+
Unr. †Diamantinasauria Poropat et al. 2021
G. †Isisaurus Wilson and Upchurch 2003
G. †Rapetosaurus Curry Rogers and Forster 2001
Fm. †Saltasauridae Sereno 1998 [saltasaurid]
G. †Tapuiasaurus Zaher et al. 2011
G. †Jainosaurus Hunt et al. 1995
+
†Jainosaurus septentrionalis Huene and Matley 1933
G. †Kaijutitan Filippi et al. 2019
+
†Kaijutitan maui Filippi et al. 2019
G. †Magyarosaurus Huene 1932
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†Magyarosaurus dacus Nopcsa 1915
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Invalid names: Magyarosaurus hungaricus Huene 1932 [synonym], Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus Huene 1932 [synonym]
G. †Malawisaurus Jacobs et al. 1993
+
†Malawisaurus dixeyi Haughton 1928
Fm. †Nemegtosauridae Upchurch 1995
+
G. †Quaesitosaurus Kurzanov and Bannikov 1983
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†Quaesitosaurus orientalis Kurzanov and Bannikov 1983
G. †Normanniasaurus Le Loeuff et al. 2013
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†Normanniasaurus genceyi Le Loeuff et al. 2013
G. †Nullotitan Novas et al. 2019
+
†Nullotitan glaciaris Novas et al. 2019
G. †Paludititan Csiki et al. 2010
+
†Paludititan nalatzensis Csiki et al. 2010
G. †Paralititan Smith et al. 2001
+
†Paralititan stromeri Smith et al. 2001
G. †Pellegrinisaurus Salgado 1996
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†Pellegrinisaurus powelli Salgado 1996
G. †Qingxiusaurus Mo et al. 2008
+
†Qingxiusaurus youjiangensis Mo et al. 2008
G. †Shingopana Gorscak et al. 2017
+
†Shingopana songwensis Gorscak et al. 2017
G. †Tengrisaurus Averianov and Skutschas 2017
+
†Tengrisaurus starkovi Averianov and Skutschas 2017
G. †Vahiny Curry Rogers and Wilson 2014
+
†Vahiny depereti Curry Rogers and Wilson 2014
G. †Volgatitan Averianov and Efimov 2018
+
†Volgatitan simbirskiensis Averianov and Efimov 2018
G. †Malakhelisaurus Malkani 2008 [Malakhel lizard]
+
†Malakhelisaurus mianwali Malkani 2007
Invalid names: Malasaurus Malkani 2007 [replaced]
G. †Malarguesaurus González Riga et al. 2009 [Malargüe lizard]
+
†Malarguesaurus florenciae González Riga et al. 2009
G. †Mnyamawamtuka Gorscak and O'Connor 2019
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†Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia Gorscak and O'Connor 2019
G. †Mongolosaurus Gilmore 1933
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†Mongolosaurus haplodon Gilmore 1933
G. †Narambuenatitan Filippi et al. 2011
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†Narambuenatitan palomoi Filippi et al. 2011
G. †Ninjatitan Gallina et al. 2021
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†Ninjatitan zapatai Gallina et al. 2021
G. †Pashtosaurus Malkani 2014
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†Pashtosaurus zhobi Malkani 2014
G. †Petrobrasaurus Filippi et al. 2011
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†Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi Filippi et al. 2011
Unr. †Poripuchia Malkani 2020
+
Fm. †Gspsauridae Malkani 2015
+
Subfm. †Gspsaurinae Malkani 2015
+
G. †Gspsaurus Malkani 2014
Subfm. †Saraikimasoominae Malkani 2015
+
G. †Saraikimasoom Malkani 2014
Fm. †Pakisauridae Malkani 2003
+
Subfm. †Isisaurinae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Sulaimanisaurus Malkani 2004
Subfm. †Khetranisaurinae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Khetranisaurus Malkani 2004
G. †Pakisaurus Malkani 2004
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†Pakisaurus balochistani Malkani 2004
Invalid names: Pakisaurinae Malkani 2010 [empty]
G. †Pseudomegaloolithus Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
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†Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
G. †Rukwatitan Gorscak et al. 2014
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†Rukwatitan bisepultus Gorscak et al. 2014
G. †Teratopodus Tomaselli et al. 2022
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†Teratopodus malarguensis Tomaselli et al. 2022
G. †Titanopodus González Riga and Calvo 2009
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†Titanopodus mendozensis González Riga and Calvo 2009
Fm. †Titanosauridae Lydekker 1885 [titanosaurid]
+
Unr. †Megaloolithidae Zhao 1979
+
G. †Cairanoolithus Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
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†Cairanoolithus dughii Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Cairanoolithus roussetensis Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
Invalid names: Dughioolithus Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994 [synonym]
G. †Megaloolithus Mikhailov 1991
+
†Megaloolithus aureliensis Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus cylindricus Khosla and Sahni 1995
+
Invalid names: Megaloolithus rahioliensis Mohabey 1998 [synonym]
†Megaloolithus jabalpurensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
+
Invalid names: Megaloolithus matleyi Mohabey 1996 [synonym], Megaloolithus patagonicus Calvo et al. 1997 [synonym]
†Megaloolithus maghrebiensis Garcia et al. 2003
†Megaloolithus mamillare Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus megadermus Mohabey 1998
†Megaloolithus microtuberculata Garcia and Vianey-Liaud 2001
†Megaloolithus petralta Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus siruguei Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus walpurensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
Invalid names: Antarctosauridae Olshevsky 1978 [synonym], Antarctosaurinae Powell 1986 [empty], Hypselosaurus Matheron 1869 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurinae Lydekker 1893 [empty]
Invalid names: Andesauridae Calvo and Bonaparte 1991 [empty], Andesauroidea Salgado 2003 [empty], Argyrosaurinae Powell 1986 [invalid subgroup], Titanosaurus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium]
G. †Triunfosaurus Carvalho et al. 2017
+
†Triunfosaurus leonardii Carvalho et al. 2017
G. †Wintonotitan Hocknull et al. 2009
+
†Wintonotitan wattsi Hocknull et al. 2009
G. †Yunmenglong Lü et al. 2013
+
†Yunmenglong ruyangensis Lü et al. 2013
Invalid names: Arkharavia Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteinfrao
Entire body: yesinfrao
Adult length: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult width: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult height: 10 to < 100infrao
Maximum body mass: 100000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 kgg
Thickness: thickinfrao
Architecture: compact or denseinfrao
Form: sphericalinfrao
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partsinfrao
Grouping: gregariousinfrao
Environment: terrestrialinfrao
Locomotion: actively mobileinfrao
Life habit: ground dwellinginfrao
Diet: herbivoreinfrao
Reproduction: oviparousinfrao
Dispersal: direct/internalinfrao
Dispersal 2: mobileinfrao
Created: 2004-12-14 12:49:10
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:49:10
Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Bajocian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 171.60000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (812 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Jurassic174.1 - 163.5Pakistan (Punjab) Malasaurus mianwali (80011)
Late/Upper Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian171.6 - 164.7France (Occitanie) Megaloolithus sp. (58416)
Late/Upper Jurassic - Berriasian163.5 - 139.8Colombia (Boyacá) Titanosauria indet. (220422)
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7Cuba (Pinar del Río) Sauropoda indet. (45797)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8France (Haute-Normandie) Streptospondylus cuvieri (48856)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Tanzania (Lindi) Australodocus bohetii (48349)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Zimbabwe (Mashonaland North) Titanosauria indet. (49105)
Tithonian - Berriasian152.1 - 139.8Thailand (Kalasin) Euhelopodidae indet. (48872)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Poitou-Charentes) Megaloolithidae indet. (164377)
Middle Berriasian145.0 - 140.2United Kingdom (England) Megaloolithidae indet. (28994)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Tamil Nadu) Titanosauridae indet. (53922)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (New Mexico) Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (47815 47819 54103 97795 117451 121580 121581 138834 138836 171027 179272 194978) Sauropoda indet. (46992) Titanosauridae indet. (56013 59068)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Haute-Garonne) Titanosauridae indet. (67195 67196 118194 148954)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Utah) Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (45721 45722) Sauropoda indet. (45718)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Cataluña) Megaloolithus aureliensis, Megaloolithus petralta (36725) Megaloolithus mamillare (61380 169875 183093 226202) Megaloolithus mamillare, Hypselosaurus sp., Titanosauridae indet. (36381) Megaloolithus sp. (167946 171123) Sauropoda indet. (169298) Titanosauria indet. (148950 169322 169450 219381 224901) Titanosauridae indet., Megaloolithus mammilare (38893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Titanosauridae indet. (32323) Titanosauridae indet., Aeolosaurus sp. (83263)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Pakistan (Balochistan) Balochisauridae indet. (220150 220166) Balochisaurus malkani (220140 220142 220153 220158) Balochisaurus malkani, Gspsaurus pakistani (220163) Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri (220141) Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri (220155) Marisaurus jeffi, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani, Titanosauria indet. (79668) Pakisauridae indet. (220165) Pakisauridae indet., Balochisauridae indet. (220161 220162) Pakisaurus balochistani (220149 220151 220157 220160) Pakisaurus balochistani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Sauropoda indet. (78055) Pakisaurus balochistani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Titanosauria indet. (79427) Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi (220154) Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Saraikimasoom vitakri (53153) Pakisaurus sp., Saraikimasoom vitakri (79670) Pashtosaurus zhobi (220173) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Balochisaurus malkani (220156) Titanosauria indet. (220168) Titanosauria indet., Khetranisaurus barkhani, Marisaurus jeffi, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani (79664) Titanosauria indet., Marisaurus jeffi, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani (79429) Titanosauria indet., Pakisaurus balochistani, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri (79669) Titanosauria indet., Pakisaurus balochistani, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Marisaurus jeffi, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani (79665) Titanosauria indet., Pakisaurus balochistani, Marisaurus jeffi, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Balochisaurus malkani, Gspsaurus pakistani, Balochisaurus malkani (79428) Titanosauridae indet., Maojandino alami, Marisaurus sp., Marisaurus jeffi (79666)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Texas) Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (52087 52090 52091 61847 85189 85191 165562) Alamosaurus sp. (165198) Lithostrotia indet. (164702 164703) Titanosauria indet. (224287) Titanosauridae indet. (156122)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Morocco (Fes-Boulmane) Megaloolithus maghrebiensis, Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi (206442)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Pakistan (Punjab) Dgkhansaurus maarri (220202)