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Billingsellida
Taxonomy
Billingsellida was named by Schuchert (1893).
It was assigned to Articulata by Zhan and Jin (2005); and to Strophomenata by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Popov et al. (2009) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Articulata by Zhan and Jin (2005); and to Strophomenata by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Popov et al. (2009) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1893 | Billingsellida Schuchert |
| 2000 | Billingsellida Williams et al. p. 689 |
| 2003 | Billingsellida Benedetto |
| 2005 | Billingsellida Zhan and Jin p. 386 |
| 2009 | Billingsellida Popov et al. |
| 2017 | Billingsellida Liljeroth et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Billingsellida Schuchert 1893
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Subor. †Billingsellidina Schuchert 1893
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Superfm. †Billingselloidea Schuchert 1893
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Fm. †Billingsellidae Schuchert 1893
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G. †Billingsella Hall and Clarke 1892
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Subg. †Billingsella (Otusia) Walcott 1905
†Billingsella aliena Nikitin 1956
†Billingsella anomala Walcott 1905
†Billingsella appalachia Walcott 1905
†Billingsella bivia Walcott 1912
†Billingsella coloradoensis Shumard 1860
†Billingsella corrugata Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Billingsella costata Zhan et al. 2010
†Billingsella dice Walcott 1905
†Billingsella exporrecta Linnarsson 1876
†Billingsella harlanensis Walcott 1905
†Billingsella hicksi Davidson 1868
†Billingsella holtedahli Walcott 1924
†Billingsella lindstromi Linarsson 1876
†Billingsella major Walcott 1905
†Billingsella marion Walcott 1908
†Billingsella obscura Walcott 1905
†Billingsella orientalis Whitfield 1884
†Billingsella perfecta Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Billingsella plicatella Walcott 1905
†Billingsella pumpellyi Walcott 1905
†Billingsella rectangulata Cooper 1952
†Billingsella richthofeni Walcott 1905
†Billingsella saffordi Walcott 1905
†Billingsella salemensis Walcott 1887
†Billingsella seletensis Nikitin 1956
†Billingsella striata Walcott 1905
†Billingsella tonkiniana Mansuy 1915
†Billingsella uniplicata Popov et al. 2011
†Billingsella whitfieldi Walcott 1884
G. †Eosotrematorthis
G. †Xenorthis
Invalid names: Eoorthinae Walcott 1908 [empty]
Fm. †Chaniellidae Benedetto 2009
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Subor. †Clitambonitidina Opik 1934
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Superfm. †Clitambonitoidea Winchell and Schuchert 1893
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Fm. †Arctohedridae Williams et al. 2000
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Fm. †Clitambonitidae Winchell and Schuchert 1893
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G. †Apomatella Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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†Apomatella ingrica Pahlen 1877
†Apomatella secunda Öpik 1939
G. †Atelelasma Cooper 1956
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†Atelelasma decorticatum Cooper 1956
†Atelelasma dorsoconvexum Cooper 1956
†Atelelasma longisulcum Liljeroth et al. 2017
†Atelelasma multicosta Hudson 1905
†Atelelasma perfectum Cooper 1956
†Atelelasma primotica Ross and Barnes 1967
†Atelelasma subdorsoconvexum Rozman and Severgina 1983
G. †Clinambon Schuchert and Cooper 1932
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†Clinambon anomala von Schlotheim 1822
†Clinambon anomalus Schlotheim 1822
†Clinambon inflatus Opik 1934
G. †Clitambonites Pander 1830
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Subg. †Clitambonites (Hemipronites) Pander 1830
†Clitambonites adscendens Eichwald 1861
†Clitambonites anomalus Schlotheim 1822
†Clitambonites maximus Pander 1830
†Clitambonites schmidti Pahlen 1877
†Clitambonites squamatus Pahlen 1877
G. †Hemipronites Pander 1830
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†Hemipronites excelsa Pander 1830
†Hemipronites imbricata Opik 1934
†Hemipronites tumida Pander 1830
G. †Ilmarinia Opik 1934
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†Ilmarinia dimorpha Opik 1934
†Ilmarinia ponderosa Opik 1934
†Ilmarinia sinuata Pahlen 1877
G. †Pahlenella
G. †Palaeoneumania Hansen and Harper 2005
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†Palaeoneumania atlanticus Neuman 1976
†Palaeoneumania paucicostata Egerquist 2003
Invalid names: Neumania Bruton and Harper 1981 [replaced]
G. †Vellamo Opik 1930
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†Vellamo aenigma Opik 1934
†Vellamo ambisulcata Opik 1934
†Vellamo anijana Opik 1934
†Vellamo defecta Opik 1934
†Vellamo diconvexa Nasedkina 1970
†Vellamo diversa Shaler 1865
†Vellamo emarginata Pahlen 1877
†Vellamo grayiae Davidson 1883
†Vellamo leigeri Opik 1934
†Vellamo magna Opik 1934
†Vellamo mitra Nasedkina 1970
†Vellamo oandoensis Opik 1934
†Vellamo phrygia Opik 1934
†Vellamo praeemarginata Alichova 1953
†Vellamo putukuneiensis Oradovskaya 1977
†Vellamo pyramidalis Pahlen 1877
†Vellamo sauramoi Opik 1934
†Vellamo shallockiense Davidson 1883
†Vellamo silurica Opik 1934
†Vellamo simplex Opik 1930
†Vellamo sinclairi Wilson 1946
†Vellamo sulcata Wright 1964
†Vellamo sulculata Wright 1964
†Vellamo summa Bondarev 1968
†Vellamo symmetrica Opik 1934
†Vellamo trentonensis Raymond 1921
†Vellamo typylica Nasedkina 1970
†Vellamo verneuili Eichwald 1843
†Vellamo verneuilii Eichwald 1843
Invalid names: Atelelasmatinae Cooper 1956 [empty]
Fm. †Gonambonitidae Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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G. †Anchigonites
G. †Estlandia Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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†Estlandia hispida Zuykov and Hints 2002
†Estlandia marginata Pahlen 1877
†Estlandia pyron Eichwald 1840
†Estlandia seidlitzi Rubel 1963
G. †Gonambonites Pander 1830
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†Gonambonites imbricatus Rubel 1963
†Gonambonites lata Pander 1830
†Gonambonites latus Pander 1830
†Gonambonites parallelus Pander 1830
G. †Kullervo Opik 1932
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†Kullervo aluverensis Opik 1934
†Kullervo complectens Wiman 1907
†Kullervo grandis Cocks 2014
†Kullervo intacta Opik 1934
†Kullervo lacunata Opik 1934
†Kullervo ornata Cooper 1956
†Kullervo panderi Opik 1930
†Kullervo parva Cooper 1956
†Kullervo sulcata Cooper 1956
G. †Oslogonites Öpik 1939
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†Oslogonites costellatus Rubel 1963
†Oslogonites orthoides Opik 1939
†Oslogonites septatus Rubel 1963
Invalid names: Gonambonitinae Schuchert and Cooper 1931 [empty]
Superfm. †Gonambonitacea Schuchert and Cooper 1931
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Superfm. †Polytoechioidea Opik 1934
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Fm. †Polytoechiidae Opik 1934
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G. †Admixtella
G. †Antigonambonites Opik 1934
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†Antigonambonites aequistriatus Gagel 1890
†Antigonambonites anna Opik 1934
†Antigonambonites costatus Opik 1934
†Antigonambonites maekulaensis Opik 1934
†Antigonambonites planus Pander 1830
†Antigonambonites soror Opik 1934
†Antigonambonites sulcatus Opik 1934
G. †Eremotoechia Cooper 1956
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†Eremotoechia alabamensis Cooper 1956
†Eremotoechia cloudi Cooper 1956
†Eremotoechia inchoata Popov et al. 2001
†Eremotoechia silicica Cooper 1956
†Eremotoechia spissa Popov et al. 2001
G. †Martellia Wirth 1936
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†Martellia mesocosta Benedetto 1987
†Martellia reliqua Popov et al. 2001
†Martellia shabdjerehensis Percival et al. 2009
†Martellia talacostensis Benedetto 1987
G. †Peritritoechia
G. †Polytoechia
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†Polytoechia inaequistriata Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Polytoechia subcircularis Cooper 1952
G. †Protambonites
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†Protambonites hooshangi Popov et al. 2009
†Protambonites lermontovae Andreeva 1960
†Protambonites soror Barrande 1879
G. †Raunites
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†Raunites janischewskyi Lessnikow 1924
†Raunites venusta Opik 1934
Invalid names: Rauna Öpik 1932 [replaced]
G. †Tritoechia Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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Subg. †Tritoechia (Parvitritoechia) Benedetto et al. 2003
Subg. †Tritoechia (Tritoechia) Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Tritoechia alta Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Tritoechia billingsi Neuman 1968
†Tritoechia careyi Brown 1948
†Tritoechia crassa Popov et al. 2001
†Tritoechia delicatula Ulrich and Cooper 1936
†Tritoechia florentinensis Laurie 1980
†Tritoechia karmbergensis Laurie 1980
†Tritoechia kendyktasica Rukavishnikova 1961
†Tritoechia lewisi Brown 1948
†Tritoechia mollesensis Benedetto 2003
†Tritoechia quebecensis Ulrich and Foerste 1936
†Tritoechia sinuata Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Tritoechia tokmakensis Popov et al. 2001
†Tritoechia typica Schuchert and Cooper 1932
Fm. †Tritoechiidae Ulrich and Cooper 1936
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Invalid names: Clitambonitacea Winchell and Schuchert 1893 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available