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Erosaria
Taxonomy
Erosaria was named by Troschel (1863) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 121]. It is extant. It is the type genus of Erosariinae.
It was reranked as Cypraea (Erosaria) by Vredenburg (1925), Abrard (1946), Weisbord (1962) and Ladd (1977).
It was assigned to Nariinae by MacNeil (1960); to Cypraea by Vredenburg (1925), Abrard (1946), Weisbord (1962) and Ladd (1977); to Cypraeidae by Todd (2001); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Erosariinae by Meyer (2004).
It was reranked as Cypraea (Erosaria) by Vredenburg (1925), Abrard (1946), Weisbord (1962) and Ladd (1977).
It was assigned to Nariinae by MacNeil (1960); to Cypraea by Vredenburg (1925), Abrard (1946), Weisbord (1962) and Ladd (1977); to Cypraeidae by Todd (2001); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Erosariinae by Meyer (2004).
Species
Cypraea (Erosaria) caputserpentis, Cypraea (Erosaria) guttata, Cypraea (Erosaria) helvola, Cypraea (Erosaria) malekulensis, Cypraea (Erosaria) sindiensis, E. (Erosaria), E. (Paulonaria), E. (Ravitrona), E. acicularis, E. aliena, E. americana, E. cernica, E. citrina, E. eburnea, E. erosa, E. everwijni (syn. Cypraea (Pustularia) agassizi), E. helvola, E. labrolineata, E. miliaris, E. ocellata, E. poraria, E. spurca (syn. E. minima), E. turdus
Synonymy list
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Erosaria Troschel 1863
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Cypraea (Erosaria) caputserpentis Linnaeus 1758
Cypraea (Erosaria) guttata Gmelin 1791
Cypraea (Erosaria) helvola Linnaeus 1758
†Cypraea (Erosaria) malekulensis Abrard 1946
†Cypraea (Erosaria) sindiensis Vredenburg 1925
Subg. Erosaria (Erosaria) Troschel 1863
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†Erosaria (Erosaria) kutaiana Beets 1983
†Erosaria (Erosaria) pliostaphylaea Schilder 1927
†Erosaria (Erosaria) sabahensis Cox 1948
Subg. Erosaria (Paulonaria) Iredale 1930
Subg. Erosaria (Ravitrona) Iredale 1930
Erosaria acicularis Gmelin 1791
†Erosaria aliena Schilder 1939
†Erosaria americana Schilder 1939
†Erosaria cernica Sowerby 1870
†Erosaria citrina Gray 1850
Erosaria eburnea Barnes 1824 [Ivory Cowry]
Erosaria erosa Linnaeus 1758
†Erosaria everwijni Martin 1887
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Invalid names: Cypraea (Pustularia) agassizi Ladd 1934 [synonym]
Erosaria helvola Linnaeus 1758
Erosaria labrolineata Gaskoin 1849
Erosaria miliaris Gmelin 1791
Erosaria ocellata Linnaeus 1758
Erosaria poraria Linnaeus 1758
Erosaria turdus Lamarck 1810
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Oligocene to the top of the Holocene or 33.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.4 Ma
Collections (126 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Pakistan | Cypraea sindiensis (77450) | |
| Rupelian | Pakistan | Cypraea sindiensis (77159) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Fiji (Vitu Levu) | Cypraea helvola, Cypraea labrolineata (179499) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Cypraea aliena (176435) | |
| Langhian | Dominican Republic | E. spurca (74959) | |
| Middle Miocene | Fiji | Cypraea helvola (68295) | |
| Middle Miocene | Indonesia | Pustularia everwijni (70085 70086) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia (Kalimantan) | E. kutaiana (42289) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) | Cypraea citrina (41473) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Dominican Republic | Cypraea spurca (58869) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia | E. helvola, E. labrolineata (70120) | |
| Messinian | Dominican Republic | E. spurca (84983 84984 84986 84989 93717 93996 94000 94006 94099 94106 131386 131387 131494 131496 131497 131645 131656 131660 131674) | |
| Messinian | Fiji | Cypraea helvola, Cypraea everwijni (78060) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Dominican Republic | E. spurca (74967 75036 75038 75043) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Dominican Republic | Cypraea spurca (58815) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Indonesia (Java) | E. pliostaphylaea (45344) | |
| Zanclean | Dominican Republic | E. spurca (74968 80084 80136 93737) | |
| Pliocene | Fiji | Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea helvola (68180 68181) | |
| Pliocene | Philippines (Tayabas) | Cypraea poraria (41529) | |
| Pliocene | Vanuatu | Cypraea malekulensis (77904) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Guam | Cypraea caputserpentis (77937) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Malaysia | E. sabahensis (72098 72102) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Indonesia | E. pliostaphylaea (70079) E. pliostaphylaea, E. miliaris (70084) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Vanuatu | Cypraea miliaris (78052) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | New Zealand (Kermadec Islands) | Cypraea cernica (85086 85098) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Tuvalu | Cypraea helvola (78036 78037) | |
| Pleistocene | Mozambique | Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea helveola (122947) | |
| Pleistocene | Eritrea | Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea turdus (101417) Cypraea turdus (101415) | |
| Pleistocene | Sudan | Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea turdus (101414) | |
| Pleistocene | Vanuatu | Cypraea caputserpentis (78042) Cypraea guttata (78046) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | Yemen | E. erosa (55380) E. ocellata (55373) | |
| Calabrian - Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Okinawa) | E. helvola (42305) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Vanuatu | Cypraea helvola, Cypraea guttata (78043) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Bermuda | Cypraea spurca (67949) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Hawaii) | Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea poraria (96682) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Hawaii) | Cypraea caputserpentis (89299 89306 89406) Cypraea helvola (89305) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (89294 89300 89301 89302 89303 89304 89307) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Kenya | Cypraea helvola (81036 81072 81077 81078 81079 81092) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Bahamas | Cypraea spurca (80677) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Mexico (Baja California) | Cypraea cernica (89573 194399 194400 194405 194406 194407 194546) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Hawaii) | Cypraea caputserpentis (89401) Cypraea helvola (89403) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (89290 89292 89400 89402 89404) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea labrolineata (89289) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Eritrea | Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea turdus (101543) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Saudi Arabia | E. nebrites (192719) E. nebrites, E. spurca (192720) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Seychelles | Cypraea helvola (80965 80966 81007 81008 81009 81011) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Tonga | Cypraea caputserpentis (96473) Cypraea helvola (78076 96472) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan | Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (88886) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Djibouti | Cypraea caputserpentis (96793) Cypraea cernica (96788) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea turdus (96787) Cypraea turdus (96789 96791 96795 96798) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Cypraea spurca (127360) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | India (Kerala) | Cypraea ocellata (107971) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Australia (Western Australia) | Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (63356) | |
| Holocene | Seychelles | Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (96926) | |
| Holocene | USA (Florida) | Cypraea spurca (97610) |