PBDB Collection

Kaseki-kabe (facies III), Shiramine (Cretaceous of Japan)

Also known as Kasekiheki

Where: Ishikawa, Japan (36.2° N, 136.6° E: paleocoordinates 46.5° N, 138.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Barremian (129.4 - 125.0 Ma)

• "upper horizon" of Kuwajima Formation, uppermost part of Itoshiro Subgroup, Tetori Group. Described as "lower Neocomian", and older that "late Barremian", but authors' use of "Neocomian" seems to include some of the Gallic as well.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: mire or swamp; gray, green, blue, silty, sandy mudstone and sandstone

• "deposited in the channels of braided rivers and flood plains", specifically in a "vegetated swamp"

• "alternations of massive sandstones, fine-grained sandstones and mudstones"; facies III = "massive with occasional thin bedding. They consist of well-sorted silty mud and occasional angular very fine-grained quartz sands. The mud is normally dark greenish-grey in colour, and frequently has a blue-ish tint."

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: adpression

Collected in 1985, 1997-2009

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (in situ), mechanical,

Primary reference: M. Matsukawa and I. Obata. 1994. Dinosaurs and sedimentary environments in the Japanese Cretaceous: a contribution to dinosaur facies in Asia based on molluscan palaeontology and stratigraphy. Cretaceous Research 15(1):101-125 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 32324: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Matthew Carrano on 25.06.2003, edited by Roger Benson, Jonathan Tennant and Richard Butler

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• "Theropoda sp. C" is described as a member of the (unnamed) clade Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea. Another theropod is described as "Tetanurae", but the authors do not indicate whether this is sp. A or B. Note that the authors use "sp." for most of the unidentified species, but I have replaced most with "indet." because the groups are higher taxa, not genera (i.e. "Anura indet." instead of "Anura sp.").

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Brisia onychioides¹¹, Ginkgoidium nathorsti¹¹, ? Micromelania katoensis¹¹ Brisia onychioides¹¹ Ginkgoidium nathorsti¹¹ ? Micromelania katoensis¹¹
Sphenopteridae
- Sphenopteridae	Sphenopteris sp.¹¹ Sphenopteris sp.¹¹ Sternberg 1825
Polypodiopsida
-	Cladophlebis denticulate¹¹ Cladophlebis denticulate¹¹
Equisetales - Equisetidae	Equisetites ushimarensis¹¹ Equisetites ushimarensis¹¹
- Polypodiaceae	Onychiopsis elongata¹¹ Onychiopsis elongata¹¹ Geyler 1889
- Gleicheniaceae	Gleichenites ishikawaensis¹¹, Gleichenites nipponensis¹¹, Gleichenites sp.¹¹ Gleichenites ishikawaensis¹¹ Gleichenites nipponensis¹¹ Gleichenites sp.¹¹ Göppert 1836
Cyatheales - Polypodiidae	Coniopteris sp.¹¹, Coniopteris burejensis¹¹ Coniopteris sp.¹¹ Brongniart 1849 scaly tree fern Coniopteris burejensis¹¹ Zalessky 1904 scaly tree fern
- Osmundaceae	Osmundopsis distans¹¹ Osmundopsis distans¹¹
Eboracia
-	Eboracia nipponensis¹¹, Eboracia sp.¹¹ Eboracia nipponensis¹¹ Eboracia sp.¹¹ Thomas 1911
Carpolithes
-	Carpolithes sp.¹¹ Carpolithes sp.¹¹ Schlotheim 1820
Neozamites
-	Neozamites sp.¹¹ Neozamites sp.¹¹ Vakhrameev 1962
Cycadopsida
Cycadales -	Taeniopteris emarginata¹¹, Taeniopteris sp.¹¹, "Nilssonia kotoi" = Nilsonia¹¹, "Nilssonia nipponensis" = Nilsonia¹¹, "Nilssonia orientalis" = Nilsonia¹¹, "Nilssonia sp." = Nilsonia¹¹ Taeniopteris emarginata¹¹ cycads Taeniopteris sp.¹¹ Brongniart 1828 cycads "Nilssonia kotoi" = Nilsonia¹¹ cycads "Nilssonia nipponensis" = Nilsonia¹¹ cycads "Nilssonia orientalis" = Nilsonia¹¹ cycads "Nilssonia sp." = Nilsonia¹¹ Brongniart 1825 cycads
Ginkgoites
-	Ginkgoites digitata¹¹, Ginkgoites huttoni¹¹, Ginkgoites sp.¹¹ Ginkgoites digitata¹¹ Ginkgoites huttoni¹¹ Ginkgoites sp.¹¹ Seward 1919
Ginkgoopsida
Ginkgoales -	Eretmophyllum tetoriense¹¹ Eretmophyllum tetoriense¹¹
Hepaticae
-	Thallites yabei¹¹ Thallites yabei¹¹ liverwort
Angiospermae
Mesangiosperms - Arecaceae	? Arecaceae indet.¹¹ ? Arecaceae indet.¹¹ von Berchtold and Presl 1820 palm
Magnoliales - Magnoliaceae	? Magnoliaceae indet.¹¹ ? Magnoliaceae indet.¹¹ de Jussieu 1789 magnolia
Pinopsida
Pinales - Pinaceae	? Pinaceae indet.¹¹ ? Pinaceae indet.¹¹ Rudolphi 1830

Coniferales - Podocarpaceae	Podozamites anguistifolius¹¹, Podozamites lanceolatus¹¹, Podocarpus reinii¹¹, Podocarpus yokoyamai¹¹, Podocarpus tedoriensis¹¹, Podocarpus sp.¹¹ Podozamites anguistifolius¹¹ podocarp Podozamites lanceolatus¹¹ Lindley and Hutton 1840 podocarp Podocarpus reinii¹¹ podocarp Podocarpus yokoyamai¹¹ podocarp Podocarpus tedoriensis¹¹ podocarp Podocarpus sp.¹¹ L'Heritier and Persoon 1807 podocarp
Coniferales - Cupressaceae	? Sequoia sp.¹¹ ? Sequoia sp.¹¹ Endlicher 1847 coast redwood
Bennettitales -	Dictyozamites kawasakii¹¹, Dictyozamites tedoriensis¹¹ Dictyozamites kawasakii¹¹ Dictyozamites tedoriensis¹¹
Actinopteri
Teleostei -	Teleostei indet.¹¹ Teleostei indet.¹¹
Osteoglossiformes - Osteoglossidae	Osteoglossidae indet.⁷ Osteoglossidae indet.⁷ Bonaparte 1832 arowana
Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae	Pachycormidae indet.¹¹ Pachycormidae indet.¹¹ Woodward 1895
Lepisosteiformes -	Lepidotes sp.¹¹ Lepidotes sp.¹¹ Agassiz 1832 gar
Osteichthyes
Halecomorphi - Sinamiidae	Sinamia sp.¹¹ Sinamia sp.¹¹ ray-finned fish
Amphibia
Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae	Shirerpeton isajii n. gen. n. sp.⁹ Shirerpeton isajii n. gen. n. sp.⁹ Matsumoto and Evans 2018 tetrapod SBEI 2459, 2405
Reptilia
Squamata -	Squamata "indet. E"¹¹, Squamata "indet. A"¹¹, Squamata "indet. B"¹¹, Squamata "indet. C"⁴, Kaganaias hakusanensis n. gen. n. sp.³, Hakuseps imberis n. gen. n. sp.⁴, Kuroyuriella mikikoi n. gen. n. sp.⁴, Scincomorpha "indet. A"¹¹, Scincomorpha "indet. B"¹¹, Kuwajimalla kagaensis n. gen. n. sp.¹, Sakurasaurus sp.² Squamata "indet. E"¹¹ squamates Squamata "indet. A"¹¹ squamates Within the Shiramine lizard collection there are several maxillae and dentaries with bicuspid teeth, notably SBEI 1501 (Li191) and 1525 (Li193), a right and left maxilla respectively (Figure 15.1–4); SBEI 197 (Li8) and 808 (Li92) (Figure 15.5–10), both left dentaries; and SBEI 1487 (Li190), a right dentary. Squamata "indet. B"¹¹ squamates SBEI 827 (Li100) is a small right mandible separated into its dentary and postdentary components (Figure 16). The dentary is 4.5 mm long as preserved but is missing the symphysial region and posterior margin (estimated original total length ~5.7 mm). The postdentary complex is 4.8 mm long, giving an overall original jaw length of ~10.5 mm. Squamata "indet. C"⁴ squamates Many of the other isolated lizard maxillae and dentaries in the Shiramine collection can be attributed to Sakurasaurus, which is the most common lizard taxon at this locality. However, SBEI 1277 (Li177) is the posterior end of a deep (2.25 mm) left dentary preserved in labial view and bearing seven teeth with spaces for 4–5 others Kaganaias hakusanensis n. gen. n. sp.³ Evans et al. 2006 squamates Hakuseps imberis n. gen. n. sp.⁴ Evans and Matusmoto 2015 squamates SBEI 2086. An almost complete left dentary Kuroyuriella mikikoi n. gen. n. sp.⁴ Evans and Matusmoto 2015 squamates SBEI 1510 (Li193), a disarticulated skull on four originally conjoined blocks; SBEI 1608 (Li223), an association on two small blocks Scincomorpha "indet. A"¹¹ squamates Scincomorpha "indet. B"¹¹ squamates Kuwajimalla kagaensis n. gen. n. sp.¹ Evans and Manabe 2008 squamates Sakurasaurus sp.² Evans and Manabe 1999 squamates SBEI 199 (small block with disarticulated association of skull bones, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and hindlimb bones)
Squamata - Paramacellodidae	Paramacellodidae indet.¹¹ Paramacellodidae indet.¹¹ Estes 1983 squamates
Squamata -	Asagaolacerta tricuspidens n. gen. n. sp.⁴ Asagaolacerta tricuspidens n. gen. n. sp.⁴ Evans and Matusmoto 2015 squamates SBEI 1566 An association of skull, jaws and postcranial bones of a small lizard with facetted tricuspid teeth; Possibly SBEI 1621, a right maxilla
Choristodera -	Choristodera indet.¹¹ Choristodera indet.¹¹ choristodere
Ornithischia -	Ornithischia indet.⁷, Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum n. gen. n. sp.¹² Ornithischia indet.⁷ ornithischian Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum n. gen. n. sp.¹² Ohashi and Barrett 2009 ceratopsian SBEI 176, incomplete skull
Ornithischia - Iguanodontidae	Iguanodontidae indet.⁵ Iguanodontidae indet.⁵ Bonaparte 1850 iguanodontid SBEI 164, 165, 172-175
Theropoda -	Maniraptora indet.¹¹ Maniraptora indet.¹¹ Gauthier 1986 maniraptoran SBEI 167; Theropoda indet. C = Oviraptorosauria + Therizinosauroidea clade
Theropoda - Dromaeosauridae	Dromaeosauridae indet.⁷ Dromaeosauridae indet.⁷ Colbert and Russell 1969 maniraptoran SBEI 008
Theropoda -	Enantiornithes indet.¹¹ Enantiornithes indet.¹¹ Walker 1981 avialan SBEI 307
Theropoda - Tyrannosauridae	Tyrannosauridae indet.⁷ Tyrannosauridae indet.⁷ Osborn 1906 tyrannosaurid SBEI 170, 171, 156, 814, 576
Saurischia -	Sauropoda indet.¹¹ Sauropoda indet.¹¹ sauropod SBEI 183, 160
Pterosauria - Ornithocheiridae	Ornithocheiridae indet.¹¹ Ornithocheiridae indet.¹¹ Seeley 1870 pterosaur SBEI 802
Pterosauria -	? Dsungaripteroidea indet.¹¹ ? Dsungaripteroidea indet.¹¹ Young 1964 pterosaur SBEI 303
Testudines -	Testudinoidea indet.¹¹, Trionychoidea indet.¹¹, "Chelonia indet." = Testudines⁶ Testudinoidea indet.¹¹ Gray 1825 turtle Trionychoidea indet.¹¹ Fitzinger 1826 turtle "Chelonia indet." = Testudines⁶ Batsch 1788 turtle eggshells
Osteichthyes
Therapsida - Tritylodontidae	Montirictus kuwajimaensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Montirictus kuwajimaensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Matsuoka et al. 2016 cynodont SBEI 029, 034-035, 039-040, 043-044, 047, 049, 051-056, 058, 062, 065-066, 073, 092-094, 110, 112, 122, 125, 127, 141, 146, 577-578
Mammalia
Allotheria -	Multituberculata indet.¹¹ Multituberculata indet.¹¹ Cope 1884 multituberculate SBEI 581
Multituberculata - Eobaataridae	Hakusanobaatar matsuoi n. gen. n. sp.⁸, Tedoribaatar reini n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Hakusanobaatar matsuoi n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Kusuhashi 2008 multituberculate SBEI 1736, holotype dental association; SBEI 581, fragmentary left lower jaw with damaged p4; SBEI 582, damaged right upper premolar (probably P2); SBEI 1519, ?left p3; SBEI 1520, damaged left p4; SBEI 1526, fragment of right lower dentary with incisor; and SBEI 1949, tentatively assigned poorly preserved upper premolar (two ?labial cusps of probably right P5) Tedoribaatar reini n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Kusuhashi 2008 multituberculate SBEI 1570, fragment of right lower jaw with p4 (holotype)
Eutriconodonta -	Hakusanodon archaeus n. gen. n. sp.¹³ Hakusanodon archaeus n. gen. n. sp.¹³ Rougier et al. 2007 mammal SBEI --6, 020, 015
Bivalvia
Unionida - Unionidae	Unio ogamigoensis¹¹ Unio ogamigoensis¹¹ freshwater mussel
Cardiida - Sphaeriidae	Sphaerium sp.¹¹ Sphaerium sp.¹¹ Scopoli 1777 fingernail clam
Gastropoda
Cerithioidea - Pleuroceridae	Pleuroceridae indet.⁷ Pleuroceridae indet.⁷ Thiele 1929 snail
Architaenioglossa - Viviparidae	Viviparus onogoensis¹¹ Viviparus onogoensis¹¹ snail
Heterostropha - Physidae	Physidae "indet. A"¹¹, Physidae "indet. B"¹¹ Physidae "indet. A"¹¹ Fitzinger 1833 snail Physidae "indet. B"¹¹ Fitzinger 1833 snail
Stylommatophora -	Pupilloidea sp.¹¹ Pupilloidea sp.¹¹ Turton 1831 slug

¹Evans and Manabe 2008; ²Evans and Manabe 2009; ³Evans et al. 2006; ⁴Evans and Matusmoto 2015; ⁵Hasegawa et al. 1995; ⁶Isaji et al. 2006; ⁷Isaji et al. 2005; ⁸Kusuhashi 2008; ⁹Matsumoto and Evans 2018; ¹⁰Matsuoka et al. 2016; ¹¹Matsuoka et al. 2002; ¹²Ohashi and Barrett 2009; ¹³Rougier et al. 2007