Parent taxon: Trilobita according to J. M. Adrain 2011
See also Bengtson 1992 and Sepkoski 2002
Sister taxa: Aglagalia, Agraulaeva, Aguaraya, Aldonaiidae, Altajaharpes, Amechilus, Amgaspididae, Ampellatocephalina, Anacopodia, Antagmidae, Antatlaeva, Atopidae, Auritamidae, Avoninidae, Batchatiella, Bathynotidae, Beikedamaspis, Bergerolimbus, Burlingiidae, Carmon, Changshaniidae, Chinensis, Corynexochida, Crossoura, Curiaspis, Cuyanaspis, Cyclolenzellina, Dalmanites troosti, Deltacare, Devonocoryphe, Edganocare, Elleria, Elleria morani, Ellipsocephaloididae, Ellipsuella, Entomostracites, Erbenochile, Eulomella, Eutrilobita, Fabulaspis, Faciura, Gentilaspis, Gigmpeltis, Goycoia, Harpetida, Helioproetoides, Holocephalinidae, Howelluella, Idiorapha, Ignotogregatidae, Indigestus, Irvingelloides, Ishpella, Isocolidae, Issafenia, Ityophoridae, Jamrogiidae, Jonotus, Juriietella, Kamlacus, Kanfuqingia, Leptopilus, Libristoma, Lichida, Llanoaspididae, Loxopeltis, Lusampa, Mapaniidae, Megalaspidicus, Meneghinella, Metapopristis, Monkaspididae, Moolatrilo, Moretaeva, Moretarva, Namanoiidae, Neochilonorria, Neomalungia, Neotaenicephalus, Nepeidae, Ogygiocaridinae, Olenida, Onchonotopsidae, Opisthoparia, Orictocara, Otekmaspis, Otenaspella, Paichiashania, Paleoaethia, Parakingaspidoides, Pararania, Peculicephalina, Perissopyge, Phacopida, Piliolites, Pliomerellus, Poculicephalina, Polycyrtaspididae, Prodamesella, Proetida, Proparia, Pseudoacicaudus, Pseudoclelandia, Pseudocrecephalaspina, Pseudosalteria, Pseudosarkia, Pseudotermierella, Ptyttstrigis, Punctaspis, Redlichiida, Remopleuridacea, Repinaella, Resseria, Resseropsis, Rochaeva, Sarkiidae, Serksia, Serksioides, Sibiriopeltis, Sphaerocare, Spizharaspis, Stittaspis, Sukhanaspis, Sunaspididae, Taidonurus, Taplimella, Tazemmourtia, Thymurus, Toxotis, Trapezocephalina, Triarthrella, Trilobus, Tuberaspis, Tuyunaspis, Ulrickaspis, Utiidae, Westergardia, Winsteria, Wuaniidae, Zigzuella
Subtaxa: Clustinia Cyrtopora Odontopleuridae
Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore
Distribution:
• Givetian of France (1 collection)
• Devonian of Australia (35), Belgium (4), Bolivia (1), Canada (10: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon), China (1), Colombia (2), the Czech Republic (52), France (9), Germany (18), Italy (2), Morocco (44), the Russian Federation (4), Spain (6), the United Kingdom (1), United States (6: Michigan, Nevada, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania), Uzbekistan (1)
• Whitwellian of Canada (4: Northwest Territories)
• Jaani of Estonia (2)
• Silurian to Devonian of Argentina (1), Australia (1), United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Silurian of Algeria (2), Argentina (7), Australia (12), Austria (1), Canada (110: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Québec, Yukon Territory), China (9), the Czech Republic (43), Estonia (3), Greenland (4), Ireland (1), Italy (1), Latvia (4), Mexico (2), Morocco (3), Norway (2), Poland (2), Spain (2), Sweden (13), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (39), United States (22: Arkansas, California, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, New York, Oklahoma, Wisconsin), Uzbekistan (2)
• Dobrotivian of the Czech Republic (2), France (5), Morocco (4), Portugal (4), Spain (8)
• Uhaku of Norway (1)
• Letna of the Czech Republic (2)
• Aluoja of Estonia (1)
• Chazyan of Canada (13: Northwest Territories)
• Whiterockian of Canada (1: Newfoundland and Labrador), Norway (1), United States (7: New York, Vermont)
• Fennian of France (1)
• Arenigian of China (1)
• Arenig of Canada (1: Newfoundland and Labrador), the United Kingdom (3)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Canada (4: Québec), Sweden (1)
• Ordovician of Argentina (10), Belgium (1), Canada (19: Northwest Territories, Ontario, Quebec, Québec), China (14), the Czech Republic (18), Estonia (4), France (1), Iran (2), Ireland (7), Italy (1), Kazakhstan (3), Latvia (1), Morocco (5), New Zealand (1), Norway (34), Poland (1), Portugal (1), the Russian Federation (1), Spain (10), Sweden (29), Turkey (1), the United Kingdom (40), United States (90: California, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia)
• Cambrian of United States (1: Nevada)
Total: 847 collections including 1328 occurrences