Parent taxon: Trilobita according to J. M. Adrain 2011
See also Bengtson 1992 and Sepkoski 2002
Sister taxa: Aglagalia, Agraulaeva, Aguaraya, Aldonaiidae, Altajaharpes, Amechilus, Amgaspididae, Ampellatocephalina, Anacopodia, Antagmidae, Antatlaeva, Atopidae, Auritamidae, Avoninidae, Batchatiella, Bathynotidae, Beikedamaspis, Bergerolimbus, Burlingiidae, Changshaniidae, Chinensis, Corynexochida, Crossoura, Curiaspis, Cuyanaspis, Cyclolenzellina, Dalmanites troosti, Deltacare, Devonocoryphe, Edganocare, Elleria, Elleria morani, Ellipsocephaloididae, Ellipsuella, Entomostracites, Erbenochile, Eulomella, Eutrilobita, Fabulaspis, Faciura, Gentilaspis, Gigmpeltis, Goycoia, Harpetida, Helioproetoides, Holocephalinidae, Howelluella, Idiorapha, Ignotogregatidae, Indigestus, Irvingelloides, Ishpella, Isocolidae, Issafenia, Ityophoridae, Jonotus, Juriietella, Kamlacus, Kanfuqingia, Leptopilus, Libristoma, Lichida, Llanoaspididae, Loxopeltis, Lusampa, Mapaniidae, Megalaspidicus, Meneghinella, Metapopristis, Monkaspididae, Moolatrilo, Moretaeva, Moretarva, Namanoiidae, Neochilonorria, Neomalungia, Neotaenicephalus, Olenida, Opisthoparia, Orictocara, Otekmaspis, Otenaspella, Paichiashania, Paleoaethia, Parakingaspidoides, Pararania, Peculicephalina, Perissopyge, Phacopida, Phacops (Monorakos), Piliolites, Pliomerellus, Poculicephalina, Polycyrtaspididae, Prodamesella, Proetida, Proparia, Pseudoacicaudus, Pseudoclelandia, Pseudocrecephalaspina, Pseudosalteria, Pseudosarkia, Pseudotermierella, Ptyttstrigis, Punctaspis, Redlichiida, Remopleuridacea, Repinaella, Resseria, Resseropsis, Rochaeva, Sarkiidae, Serksia, Serksioides, Sibiriopeltis, Sphaerocare, Spizharaspis, Stittaspis, Sukhanaspis, Sunaspididae, Taidonurus, Taplimella, Tazemmourtia, Thymurus, Toxotis, Trapezocephalina, Triarthrella, Trilobus, Tuberaspis, Tuyunaspis, Ulrickaspis, Utiidae, Westergardia, Winsteria, Wuaniidae, Zigzuella
Subtaxa: Clustinia Cyrtopora Odontopleuridae
Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore
Distribution:
• Givetian of France (1 collection)
• Devonian of Australia (37), Belgium (4), Bolivia (1), Canada (10: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon), China (1), Colombia (2), Czechia (56), France (10), Germany (18), Italy (2), Morocco (45), the Russian Federation (4), Spain (7), the United Kingdom (1), United States (7: Michigan, Nevada, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania), Uzbekistan (1)
• Whitwellian of Canada (4: Northwest Territories)
• Jaani of Estonia (2)
• Silurian to Devonian of Argentina (1), Australia (1), United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Silurian of Algeria (2), Argentina (7), Australia (12), Austria (1), Canada (110: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Québec, Yukon Territory), China (9), Czechia (43), Estonia (3), Greenland (4), Ireland (2), Italy (1), Latvia (4), Mexico (2), Morocco (3), Norway (2), Poland (2), Spain (2), Sweden (13), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (38), United States (22: Arkansas, California, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, New York, Oklahoma, Wisconsin), Uzbekistan (2)
• Uhaku of Norway (1)
• Dobrotivian of Czechia (3), France (5), Morocco (4), Portugal (4), Spain (8)
• Liben of Czechia (1)
• Letna of Czechia (1)
• Aluoja of Estonia (1)
• Whiterockian of Canada (1: Newfoundland and Labrador), Norway (1), United States (7: New York, Vermont)
• Chazyan of Canada (13: Northwest Territories)
• Billingen of Norway (1)
• Arenigian of China (1)
• Arenig of Canada (1: Newfoundland and Labrador), the United Kingdom (3)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Canada (4: Québec), Sweden (1)
• Ordovician of Argentina (10), Belgium (1), Canada (19: Northwest Territories, Ontario, Quebec, Québec), China (14), Czechia (23), Estonia (4), France (2), Iran (2), Ireland (7), Italy (1), Kazakhstan (5), Latvia (1), Morocco (7), New Zealand (1), Norway (33), Poland (1), Portugal (1), the Russian Federation (1), Spain (10), Sweden (29), Türkiye (1), the United Kingdom (40), United States (90: California, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia)
• Cambrian of United States (1: Nevada)
Total: 867 collections including 1354 occurrences