Dinophyceae - Thoracosphaerales
Full reference: K. Tangen, L.E. Brand, P.L. Blackwelder and R.R.L. Guillard. 1982. Thoracosphaera heimii (Lohmann) Kamptner is a dinophyte: Observations on its morphology and life cycle. Marine Micropaleontology 7(3):193-212
Parent taxon: Dinophyceae according to K. Tangen et al. 1982
Sister taxa: Actiniscales, Actinotheca, Aiora, Algidasphaeridium, Anthatractus, Apteodinium, Arcticacysta, Aremoricanium, Belodinium, Bicarinellum, Broomea, Calcicarpinium, Calcigonellum, Calciogranellum, Calcipterellum, Calcisphaerellum, Caligodinium, Cantulodinium, Ceratocoryaceae, Chiropteridium, Cryptarchaeodinium, Cymatiogalea, Danea, Diconodinium, Dictyopyxidia, Diornatosphaera, Diplotesta, Disconodinium, Distatodinium, Dollidinium, Downiesphaeridium, Echinidinium, Endoceratium, Eodinia, Evansia, Exochosphaeridium, Favilarnax, Galea, Gillinia, Gonyaulacales, Gymnodinium, Heliodinium, Heteraulacacysta, Heterocapsaceae, Histiophora, Horologinella, Hystrichokibotium, Hystrichosphaeropsis, Invertocysta, Kofoidopsis, Komewuia, Lecaniellaceae, Lithodinia, Lithoperidinium, Membranophoridium, Millioudodinium, Multiplicisphaeridium, Nannoceratopsiaceae, Nannoceratopsiella, Nelsoniella, Odontochitinopsis, Oodnadattia, Ovoidinium, Palaeoglenodinium, Palaeoperidinioideae, Palaeotetradinium, Paleopedicystus, Palmnickia, Pareodiniaceae, Pentafidia, Peridiniales, Peridinites, Phanerodinium, Polyedryxium, Polykrikaceae, Polystephanephorus, Polystephanosphaera, Priscogalea, Prolixosphaeridium, Pseudodeflandrea, Ptychodiscales, Pulvinosphaeridium, Raphidodinium, Rottnestia, Samlandia, Scriniocassis, Spherites, Stephanelytron, Suessia, Taeniophora, Teneridinium, Tenua, Ternia, Toolongia, Triblastula, Trichodinium, Valvaeodinium, Vulcanisphaera, Wallodinium, Wetzeliella, Wetzelodinium, Xenicodinium, Xenikoon
Subtaxa: Thoracosphaera
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Brunhes of North Pacific (6 collections)
• G. ruber PRZ of Indian Ocean (3)
• Quaternary of Indian Ocean (92), North Atlantic (2), North Pacific (26), South Pacific (45), Southern Ocean (1)
• NN16 of Indian Ocean (1)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Indian Ocean (12), North Pacific (1), South Pacific (1)
• Pliocene of Indian Ocean (28), North Pacific (23), South Pacific (42)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Indian Ocean (1), South Pacific (1)
• Miocene of Azerbaijan (1), Indian Ocean (129), North Pacific (4), South Pacific (13), Southern Ocean (3)
• Oligocene to Miocene of South Pacific (1)
• Oligocene of North Pacific (1)
• Eocene of South Pacific (1), Tonga (1), United States (3: California)
• Paleocene of Argentina (5), Indian Ocean (5), United States (2: Missouri)
• Cretaceous of Argentina (5)
Total: 459 collections including 461 occurrences