Full reference: F.J.R. Taylor. 1980. On dinoflagellate evolution. Biosystems 13(1/2):65-108
Parent taxon: Dinophyceae according to F.J.R. Taylor 1980
See also Guler et al. 2005
Sister taxa: Actiniscales, Actinotheca, Aiora, Algidasphaeridium, Anthatractus, Apteodinium, Arcticacysta, Aremoricanium, Belodinium, Bicarinellum, Broomea, Calcicarpinium, Calcigonellum, Calciogranellum, Calcipterellum, Calcisphaerellum, Caligodinium, Cantulodinium, Ceratocoryaceae, Chiropteridium, Cryptarchaeodinium, Cymatiogalea, Danea, Diconodinium, Dictyopyxidia, Diornatosphaera, Diplotesta, Disconodinium, Distatodinium, Dollidinium, Downiesphaeridium, Echinidinium, Endoceratium, Eodinia, Evansia, Exochosphaeridium, Favilarnax, Galea, Gillinia, Gymnodinium, Heliodinium, Heteraulacacysta, Heterocapsaceae, Histiophora, Horologinella, Hystrichokibotium, Hystrichosphaeropsis, Invertocysta, Kofoidopsis, Komewuia, Lecaniellaceae, Lithodinia, Lithoperidinium, Membranophoridium, Millioudodinium, Multiplicisphaeridium, Nannoceratopsiaceae, Nannoceratopsiella, Nelsoniella, Odontochitinopsis, Oodnadattia, Ovoidinium, Palaeoglenodinium, Palaeoperidinioideae, Palaeotetradinium, Paleopedicystus, Palmnickia, Pareodiniaceae, Pentafidia, Peridiniales, Peridinites, Phanerodinium, Polyedryxium, Polykrikaceae, Polystephanephorus, Polystephanosphaera, Priscogalea, Prolixosphaeridium, Pseudodeflandrea, Ptychodiscales, Pulvinosphaeridium, Raphidodinium, Rottnestia, Samlandia, Scriniocassis, Spherites, Stephanelytron, Suessia, Taeniophora, Teneridinium, Tenua, Ternia, Thoracosphaerales, Toolongia, Triblastula, Trichodinium, Valvaeodinium, Vulcanisphaera, Wallodinium, Wetzeliella, Wetzelodinium, Xenicodinium, Xenikoon
Subtaxa: Areoligeraceae Balcattia Batiacasphaera Bourkidinium Ceratiaceae Cerebrocysta Chlamydophorella Cladopyxiaceae Cleistosphaeridium Dapsilidinium Dingodinium Dissimulidinium Ellipsoidictyum Elytrocysta Epiplosphaera Flamingoia Fusiformacysta Gardodinium Goniodomaceae Gonyaulacaceae Heslertonia Hystrichosphaeridiaceae Impletosphaeridium Labyrinthodinium Lophocysta Membranilarnacia Membranilarnax Moorodinium Papuadinium Paucisphaeridium Peridictyocysta Productodinium Reticulatosphaera Shublikodiniaceae Tanyosphaeridium Tetrachacysta Valensiella Xiphophoridium