Osteichthyes - Acanthopterygii - Sphyraenidae
Parent taxon: Carangaria according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Bannikov 2014, Betancur et al. 2013, Carnevale and Godfrey 2018, Casier 1966, Cicimurri et al. 2025, Cicimurri et al. 2022, Ebersole et al. 2019, Ebersole et al. 2024, Fierstine et al. 2012, Hay 1902, Jordan 1963, Leidy 1873, Nelson et al. 2016, Purdy et al. 2001, Rapp 1946, Szabo et al. 2017, Thurmond and Jones 1981, Weems 1999 and Weiler 1938
Sister taxa: Carangiformes, Centropomidae, Istiophoriformes, Lactariidae, Menidae, Pleuronectiformes, Polynemidae, Pygaeidae, Toxotidae
Subtaxa: Parasphyraena Sphyraena
Ecology:
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (1 collection), Greece (1), Turks and Caicos Islands (1), United States (8: California, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia)
• Pliocene of Angola (1), Jamaica (1), Libya (1), New Zealand (1), United States (3: Florida, North Carolina)
• Miocene of Austria (1), Azerbaijan (1), Brazil (2), Colombia (4), Costa Rica (2), Czechia (2), France (2), Hungary (1), India (2), Indonesia (1), Italy (1), Mexico (1), Pakistan (1), Panama (1), Peru (2), Poland (1), Portugal (1), Sao Tome and Principe (1), Saudi Arabia (1), Slovakia (1), United States (7: Florida, North Carolina, Virginia), Venezuela (2)
• Oligocene of France (1), Germany (2), Hungary (1), United States (7: Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, South Carolina)
• Eocene of Barbados (8), Belgium (1), Germany (1), India (1), Italy (1), Nigeria (2), Pakistan (1), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (3), United States (18: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Virginia), Western Sahara (2)
• Cretaceous of India (1)
Total: 107 collections including 119 occurrences