Osteichthyes - Acanthopterygii - Sphyraenidae
Parent taxon: Carangaria according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Bannikov 2014, Betancur et al. 2013, Carnevale and Godfrey 2018, Casier 1966, Cicimurri et al. 2025, Cicimurri et al. 2022, Ebersole et al. 2019, Ebersole et al. 2024, Fierstine et al. 2012, Hay 1902, Jordan 1963, Leidy 1873, Nelson et al. 2016, Purdy et al. 2001, Rapp 1946, Szabo et al. 2017, Thurmond and Jones 1981, Weems 1999 and Weiler 1938
Sister taxa: Carangiformes, Centropomidae, Istiophoriformes, Lactariidae, Menidae, Pleuronectiformes, Polynemidae, Pygaeidae, Toxotidae
Subtaxa: Parasphyraena Sphyraena
Ecology: planktonic suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (1 collection), Greece (1), Turks and Caicos Islands (1), United States (10: California, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of United States (1: Florida)
• Pliocene of Jamaica (1), Libya (1), New Zealand (1), Spain (1), United States (3: Florida, North Carolina)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Angola (1)
• Miocene of Angola (2), Austria (1), Azerbaijan (1), Brazil (2), Colombia (4), Costa Rica (2), Czechia (2), France (2), Hungary (2), India (2), Indonesia (1), Italy (1), Mexico (1), Pakistan (1), Panama (1), Peru (2), Poland (1), Portugal (5), Sao Tome and Principe (1), Saudi Arabia (1), Slovakia (1), United States (7: Florida, North Carolina, Virginia), Venezuela (2)
• Oligocene of France (1), Germany (2), Hungary (1), United States (8: Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, South Carolina)
• Eocene of Barbados (8), Belgium (1), Germany (1), India (2), Italy (1), Nigeria (2), Pakistan (1), Qatar (3), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (3), United States (19: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Virginia), Western Sahara (2)
• Cretaceous of India (1)
Total: 124 collections including 139 occurrences