Osteichthyes - Istiophoriformes
Parent taxon: Carangaria according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Betancur et al. 2013, Cicimurri et al. 2025, Ebersole et al. 2019, Ebersole et al. 2024 and Nelson et al. 2016
Sister taxa: Carangiformes, Centropomidae, Lactariidae, Menidae, Pleuronectiformes, Polynemidae, Pygaeidae, Sphyraenidae, Toxotidae
Subtaxa: Blochiidae Hemingwayidae Istiophoridae Palaeorhynchidae Xiphiidae
Ecology: planktonic suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Italy (1 collection), United States (2: California, South Carolina)
• Blancan of United States (1: California)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Chile (1), Italy (1)
• Pliocene of Chile (1), France (1), Italy (3), Mexico (3), South Africa (1), United States (2: California, North Carolina)
• Miocene of Algeria (2), Austria (2), Chile (3), Hungary (1), Italy (3), Panama (2), Peru (4), United States (6: California, North Carolina, Virginia)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Georgia (1)
• Oligocene of Australia (1), Germany (1), New Zealand (1), Poland (1), Romania (2), the Russian Federation (3), Switzerland (1), United States (7: Alabama, South Carolina, Washington)
• Eocene of Antarctica (1), Belgium (1), Chile (1), Georgia (1), Iran (1), Italy (1), Kazakhstan (1), the Russian Federation (1), Turkmenistan (1), the United Kingdom (8), United States (6: Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia), Uzbekistan (2)
• Paleocene of United States (2: Maryland, New Jersey)
• Cretaceous of United States (1: New Jersey)
Total: 86 collections including 124 occurrences