PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Ornithopoda (ornithopod)

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Ornithopoda was named by Marsh (1881). It was considered monophyletic by Butler et al. (2008), Butler and Sullivan (2009), unknown by Zheng et al. (2012).

It was reranked as the order Ornithopoda by Dollo (1882), Dollo (1885), Bakker and Galton (1974), Cooper (1985), Bakker (1986); it was reranked as the infraorder Ornithopoda by Quenstedt (1882), Baur (1887), Gadow (1897), Van Den Broeck (1900), Huene (1927), Coria et al. (2012); it was reranked as the superfamily Ornithopoda by Zittel (1890); it was synonymized subjectively with Iguanodontoidea by Hay (1902); it was corrected as Ornithopodi by Perrier (1928); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ornithopoda by Sereno (1986), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Buchholz (2002), Rauhut (2003), Weishampel (2004), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Butler and Sullivan (2009), Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2010), Campione and Evans (2011), Shibata et al. (2011), Han et al. (2012), Zheng et al. (2012), Escaso et al. (2014), Freedman Fowler and Horner (2015), Gasulla et al. (2015), Wang et al. (2017), Madzia et al. (2018), Xu et al. (2018), Herne et al. (2018), Herne et al. (2019), Ibiricu et al. (2019), Novas et al. (2019), Kobayashi et al. (2019), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2019), Zhang et al. (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020), Ibiricu et al. (2021), Moyano-Paz et al. (2022).

It was assigned to Dinosauri by Quenstedt (1882); to Dinosauria by Dollo (1882), Meunier (1883), Marsh (1884), Dollo (1885), Winkler (1893); to Predentata by Marsh (1894), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Hatcher (1901); to Dinosauria by Marsh (1881), Marsh (1882), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1885), Lydekker (1888), Sauvage (1896), Sauvage (1898), Gegenbaur (1898), Woodward (1898), Sauvage (1900), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Sauvage (1914); to Orthopoda by Gadow (1898), Gadow (1901), Nopcsa (1923), Perrier (1928); to Ornithosuchia by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Orthopoda by Baur (1887), Zittel (1890), Gadow (1897), Van Den Broeck (1900), Huene (1908), Lull (1912), Huene (1927), Lapparent (1960); to Ornithischia by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Ornithischia by Cooper (1985); to Predentata by Bakker (1986); to Euornithopoda by Sereno (1986); to Neornithischia by Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999); to Genasauria by Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007); to Ornithischia by Arldt (1909), Huene (1909), Huene (1914), Matthew (1915), Lull (1924), Swinton (1936), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Lapparent (1947), Huene (1948), Sternberg (1953), Huene (1954), Sternberg (1954), Romer (1956), Huene (1958), Delair (1960), Parsch (1963), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Estes (1964), Ostrom (1965), Simmons (1965), Kuhn (1966), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Miller (1967), Swinton (1970), Haubold (1971), Krebs (1974), Thulborn (1977), Bonaparte (1978), Anderson and Cruickshank (1978), Baird and Horner (1979), Benton (1979), Ostrom (1980), McIntosh (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), McGinnis (1982), Weishampel and Weishampel (1983), Dong et al. (1983), Zhao (1983), Norman (1984), Russell (1984), Maryanska and Osmólska (1985), Battail (1986), Buscalioni and Sanz (1987), Carroll (1988), Dong (1989), Godefroit et al. (1998), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Chure et al. (2006), Coria et al. (2012), Apesteguía et al. (2012); to Neornithischia by Madzia et al. (2018); to Cerapoda by Benton (1990), Buchholz (2002), Weishampel (2004), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Butler and Sullivan (2009), Han et al. (2012), Zheng et al. (2012), Herne et al. (2018), Herne et al. (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020); and to Ornithischia by Swinton (1934), Rauhut (2003), Novas et al. (2004), Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2010), Campione and Evans (2011), Shibata et al. (2011), Escaso et al. (2014), Freedman Fowler and Horner (2015), Gasulla et al. (2015), Wang et al. (2017), Xu et al. (2018), Ibiricu et al. (2019), Novas et al. (2019), Kobayashi et al. (2019), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2019), Zhang et al. (2019), Ibiricu et al. (2021), Moyano-Paz et al. (2022), Agnolín et al. (2023).

Sister taxa

Fabrosauria, Ornithopoidea

Reference	Diagnosis
L. Dollo 1882	Hoofed, digitigrade pes; five functional digits in the manus, and three to four in the pes. Pubis projected freely forwards; postpubis present. Solid vertebrae. Forelimbs reduced; limb bones hollow. Edentulous premaxillae, at least distally.
K. A. v. Zittel 1890	Halswirbel, zuweilen auch Rückenwirbel opisthocöl. Extremitätenknochen hohl. Vorderbeine viel kürzer als Hinter beine. Füsse digitigrad, die Zehen mit spitzen Krallen. Postpubislang, schlank, dem Ischium parallel. Hautskeletfehlt.
H. Gadow 1898	Fore-limbs much shorter than hind-limbs, but stout and with five fingers. Hind-limbs elongated, digitigrade.
H. Gadow 1901	The hind-limbs are distinctly digitigrade, usually with only three functional toes, protected by claws. The long bones are hollow. Femur with a long fourth trochanter. Without dermal armour-plates.
R. S. Lull 1924	Bipedal, unarmored dinosaurs, with small head borne at right angles to neck; prernaxilla as a rule toothless, the leaf-shaped maxillary and mandibular teeth having midrib-like keel and sharp, generally serrated, cutting border; dorsal vertebra: opisthoccelous : fore limbs much shorter than hind; feet digitigrade, with depressed claw or hoof-like unguals; pelvis with long, slender postpubis : dermal skeleton as a rule absent.
E. Perrier 1928	Pattes postérieures puissantes, digitigrades, ordinairement tridactyles ; fémur avec un long trochanter; os longs creux; pouvaient se tenir sur les membres postérieurs; pas d'armature osseuse dorsale.
F. v. Huene 1948	Bipedal; without dermal armour; enamel on one side of teeth, only one dental row in use.

Year	Name and author
1878	Laosaurus celer King p. 346
1878	Laosaurus Marsh
1878	Laosaurus celer Marsh
1878	Laosaurus Marsh p. 244
1878	Laosaurus celer Marsh p. 244
1878	Laosaurus Williston p. 45
1879	Laosaurus Marsh p. 501
1880	Laosaurus aler Sauvage p. 523
1881	Laosaurus Marsh
1881	Ornithopoda Marsh
1882	Laosaurus Dollo
1882	Ornithopoda Dollo
1882	Laosaurus Marsh
1882	Ornithopoda Marsh
1882	Laosaurus Quenstedt p. 188
1882	Ornithopoda Quenstedt p. 188
1882	Laosaurus Sauvage p. 35
1883	Ornithopeda Meunier p. 338
1884	Laosaurus Dollo p. 298
1884	Ornithopoda Dollo p. 298
1884	Laosaurus Marsh p. 68
1884	Ornithopoda Marsh p. 68
1885	Ornithopoda Dollo p. 35
1885	Laosaurus Marsh p. 764
1885	Ornithopoda Marsh p. 764
1887	Ornithopoda Baur p. 101
1888	Ornithopoda Lydekker p. 175
1890	Ornithopoda Zittel pp. 450, 754–755
1890	Laosaurus Zittel p. 755
1893	Laosaurus Winkler p. 111
1893	Ornithopoda Winkler p. 111
1894	Laosaurus Marsh
1894	Laosaurus celer Marsh
1894	Ornithopoda Marsh
1895	Laosaurus Marsh
1895	Ornithopoda Marsh
1896	Laosaurus celer Marsh p. 199
1896	Laosaurus Marsh pp. 243-244
1896	Ornithopoda Marsh p. 243
1896	Ornithopoda Sauvage p. 48
1897	Laosaurus Gadow p. 205
1897	Ornithopoda Gadow p. 205
1898	Laosaurus Gadow p. 22
1898	Ornithopoda Gadow p. 22
1898	Ornithopoda Gegenbaur p. 532
1898	Ornithopoda Sauvage p. 9
1898	Ornithopoda Woodward p. 141
1900	Ornithopoda Sauvage p. 417
1900	Ornithopoda Van Den Broeck p. 85
1901	Ornithopoda Gadow p. 426
1901	Laosaurus Gadow p. 427
1901	Ornithopoda Hatcher p. 129
1901	Laosaurus Nopcsa p. 209
1901	Laosaurus celer Nopcsa p. 209
1902	Laosaurus Hay p. 501
1902	Laosaurus celer Hay p. 501
1902	Ornithopoda Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxv
1902	Laosaurus Nopcsa p. 153
1902	Laosaurus celer Nopcsa p. 153
1908	Ornithopoda Huene p. 307
1909	Ornithopoda Arldt p. 263
1909	Laosaurus Huene p. 16
1909	Ornithopoda Huene p. 16
1911	Laosaurus von Zittel p. 289
1912	Ornithopoda Lull p. 210
1914	Ornithopoda Huene p. 38
1914	Laosaurus Huene p. 41
1914	Ornithopoda Sauvage p. 255
1915	Ornithopoda Matthew p. 32
1916	Laosaurus celer Mook p. 146
1923	Ornithopoda Nopcsa p. 126
1923	Laosaurus Osborn
1924	Laosaurus minimus Gilmore p. 1 figs. Pl. 1-2
1924	Laosaurus celer Gilmore p. 5
1924	Ornithopoda Lull p. 237
1924	Laosaurus Lull p. 239
1925	Laosaurus celer Gilmore p. 403
1925	Laosaurus Gilmore p. 407
1927	Ornithopoda Huene p. 259
1928	Laosaurus Nopcsa p. 184
1928	Laosaurus celer Perrier p. 3087
1928	Ornithopodi Perrier p. 3118
1930	Laosaurus Hay p. 206
1930	Laosaurus celer Hay p. 206
1930	Laosaurus minimus Hay p. 206
1934	Laosaurus Huene p. 17
1934	Ornithopoda Swinton p. 40
1936	Ornithopoda Swinton p. 212
1936	Laosaurus Swinton p. 574
1937	Ornithopoda Roxo p. 44
1946	Ornithopoda Kuhn p. 66
1947	Ornithopoda Lapparent pp. 17-18
1948	Ornithopoda Huene p. 93
1953	Ornithopoda Sternberg p. 11
1954	Ornithopoda Haughton and Brink p. 4
1954	Ornithopoda Huene p. 49
1954	Ornithopoda Sternberg p. 383
1956	Ornithopoda Romer p. 627
1956	Laosaurus Romer p. 628
1958	Ornithopoda Huene p. 206
1960	Ornithopoda Delair p. 84
1960	Ornithopoda Lapparent p. 42
1963	Ornithopoda Parsch p. 4
1963	Laosaurus Parsch p. 8
1964	Ornithopoda Estes p. 144
1964	Ornithopoda Kuhn p. 5
1964	Laosaurus Kuhn p. 7
1964	Laosaurus celer Kuhn p. 7
1964	Laosaurus minimus Kuhn p. 7
1964	Ornithopoda Tatarinov p. 553
1964	Laosaurus Tatarinov p. 555
1964	Laosaurus seler Tatarinov p. 555
1965	Ornithopoda Ostrom p. 39
1965	Ornithopoda Simmons p. 65
1966	Ornithopoda Kuhn p. 101
1966	Laosaurus Romer p. 370
1966	Ornithopoda Romer p. 370
1967	Laosaurus Charig p. 716
1967	Ornithopoda Charig p. 716
1967	Ornithopoda Miller p. 233
1968	Camptosaurichnus Casamiquela and Fasola p. 18 figs. Pl. 1-2
1968	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Casamiquela and Fasola p. 18 figs. Pl. 1-2
1970	Ornithopoda Swinton p. 117
1971	Ornithopoda Haubold p. 86
1971	Laosaurus Thulborn p. 77
1972	Laosaurus Galton p. 465
1973	Laosaurus Galton p. 17
1973	Laosaurus Galton and Jensen p. 156
1974	Ornithopoda Bakker and Galton p. 171
1974	Laosaurus Galton p. 1064
1974	Camptosaurichnus Haubold p. 46
1974	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Haubold p. 143
1974	Ornithopoda Krebs p. 22
1974	Laosaurus Thulborn p. 171
1975	Phyllodon Thulborn p. 110
1975	Phyllodon henkeli Thulborn p. 110
1975	Laosaurus Thulborn p. 123
1976	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Chong Diaz and Gasparini p. 53
1977	Othnielia Galton p. 230
1977	Ornithopoda Thulborn p. 727
1978	Ornithopoda Anderson and Cruickshank p. 31
1978	Ornitophoda Bonaparte p. 330
1979	Ornithopoda Baird and Horner p. 16
1979	Ornithopoda Benton p. 143
1979	Laosaurus Madsen and Miller p. 5
1980	Camptosaurichnus Bonaparte p. 85
1980	Phyllodon Galton p. 85
1980	Ornithopoda Ostrom p. 22
1981	Laosaurus Colbert p. 50
1981	Camptosaurichnus Leonardi p. 934
1981	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Leonardi p. 934
1981	Ornithopoda McIntosh p. 30
1981	Ornithopoda Thurmond and Jones p. 145
1982	Ornithopoda McGinnis p. 29
1983	Ornithopoda Dong et al.
1983	Othnielia Galton p. 233
1983	Phyllodon Galton p. 233
1983	Phyllodon henkeli Galton p. 233
1983	Ornithopoda Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1983	Othnielia Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1983	Phyllodon Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1983	Phyllodon henkeli Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1983	Ornithopoda Zhao p. 299
1984	Ornithopoda Norman pp. 160-161 fig. 2
1984	Othnielia Russell p. 23
1984	Ornithopoda Russell p. 29
1985	Ornithopoda Cooper p. 285
1985	Othnielia Cooper p. 314
1985	Ornithopoda Maryanska and Osmólska p. 142 fig. 1
1986	Taponichnus Alonso and Marquillas p. 38 fig. 2
1986	Taponichnus donottoi Alonso and Marquillas p. 38 fig. 2
1986	Telosichnus Alonso and Marquillas p. 38 fig. 3
1986	Telosichnus saltensis Alonso and Marquillas p. 38 fig. 3
1986	Ornithopoda Bakker p. 461
1986	Ornithopoda Battail p. 49
1986	Goseongosauripus Kim p. 17
1986	Goseongosauripus kimi Kim p. 17
1986	Ornithopoda Sereno
1986	Othnielia Sereno
1987	Ornithopoda Buscalioni and Sanz p. 66
1988	Ornithopoda Carroll
1988	Othnielia Carroll
1988	Phyllodon Carroll
1988	Camptosauropus Gabuniya and Kurbatov p. 51 fig. 7
1988	Camptosauropus vialovi Gabuniya and Kurbatov p. 51 fig. 7
1989	Ornithopoda Dong
1989	Camptosaurichnus Leonardi p. 167
1989	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Leonardi p. 167
1990	Ornithopoda Benton p. 19
1990	Othnielia Benton p. 26
1990	Othnielia Sues and Norman p. 500
1990	Taponichnus donottoi Thulborn p. 198
1990	Telosichnus saltensis Thulborn p. 198
1991	Bonaparteichnium Calvo p. 248
1991	Bonaparteichnium tali Calvo p. 248 figs. 6, 18-19
1991	Phyllodon Galton p. 300
1991	Phyllodon henkeli Galton p. 300
1991	Othnielia Miller et al. p. 40
1991	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Salinas et al. p. 311
1992	Othnielia Weishampel and Heinrich p. 163
1993	Camptosauropus Dzhailov and Novikov p. 58
1993	Camptosauropus vialovi Dzhailov and Novikov p. 58
1993	Taponichnus Jaillard et al. p. 637
1993	Taponichnus donottoi Jaillard et al. p. 637
1993	Telosichnus Jaillard et al. p. 637
1993	Telosichnus saltensis Jaillard et al. p. 637
1994	Othnielia Carpenter p. 290
1994	Othnielia Chure et al. p. 304
1995	Camptosauropus Nessov
1995	Camptosauropus vialovi Nessov
1995	Gilmoreosaurus arkhangelskyi Nessov p. 49 figs. Pl. 8-11
1997	Othnielia Dodson p. 12
1997	Siluosaurus Dong pp. 24-26 fig. 1
1997	Siluosaurus zhangqiani Dong pp. 24-26 fig. 1
1997	Gilmoreosaurus arkhangelskyi Ryan p. 443
1997	Ornithopoda Sereno p. 443
1997	Othnielia Sues p. 357
1998	Ornithopoda Godefroit et al. p. 7
1998	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Sarjeant et al. p. 189
1998	Camptosaurichnus Sarjeant et al. p. 191
1998	Ornithopoda Sereno p. 61
1999	Ornithopoda Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Othnielia minima Olshevsky p. 86
2001	Ornithopoda Peng et al. p. 33
2002	Ornithopoda Buchholz p. 20
2002	Othnielia Buchholz p. 21
2003	Jiayinosauropus Dong et al. p. 324
2003	Jiayinosauropus johnsoni Dong et al. p. 324 fig. 1
2003	Ornithopoda Rauhut p. 16
2003	Bonapartichnium Romero Molina et al. p. 25
2003	Camptosaurichnus Romero Molina et al. p. 25
2003	Othnielia Ruiz-Omeñaca and Canudo p. 293
2004	Ornithopoda Martinelli and Forasiepi
2004	Othnielia Norman et al. p. 395
2004	Ornithopoda Novas et al.
2004	Ornithopoda Weishampel p. 323
2005	Camptosaurichnus Moreno and Benton p. 254
2005	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Moreno and Benton p. 254
2006	Ornithopoda Chure et al. p. 237
2006	Othnielia Chure et al. p. 237
2006	Laosaurus celer Mateus p. 231
2006	Phyllodon henkeli Mateus p. 231
2006	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Rubilar-Rogers p. 120
2007	Ornithopoda Butler et al. p. 2044
2007	Phyllodon henkeli Galton p. 34
2007	Phyllodon henkeli Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. p. 83
2007	Ornithopoda Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 202
2008	Ornithopoda Butler et al. pp. 20-21 figs. 2-4
2008	Othnielia Butler et al. p. 20 figs. 2-4
2009	Ornithopoda Butler and Sullivan p. 22
2009	Phyllodon henkeli Ortega et al. p. 48
2009	Jiayinosauropus Xing et al. pp. 834-835
2009	Jiayinosauropus johnsoni Xing et al. pp. 834-835
2010	Ornithopoda Cruzado-Caballero et al.
2010	Phyllodon Mateus and Milàn p. 254
2010	Phyllodon henkeli Mateus and Milàn p. 254
2011	Ornithopoda Campione and Evans p. 7
2011	Jiayinosauropus johnsoni Godefroit et al. p. 163
2011	Ornithopoda Shibata et al. p. 970
2012	Ornithopoda Apesteguía et al.
2012	Ornithopoda Coria et al. p. 3
2012	Ornithopoda Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2012	Camptosaurichnus fasolae Rubilar-Rogers et al. p. 247
2012	Ornithopoda Zheng et al. p. 210
2013	Jiayinosauropus johnsoni Lockley et al. p. 15
2014	Jiayinosauropus johnsoni Abbassi and Madanipour p. 113
2014	Othnielia Alifanov and Saveliev p. 419
2014	Ornithopoda Escaso et al. p. 1103
2014	Jiayinosauripus Lockley et al. p. 729
2014	Jiayinosauripus johnsoni Lockley et al. p. 729
2014	Jiayinosauropus johnsoni Xing et al. p. 190
2015	Ornithopoda Freedman Fowler and Horner
2015	Ornithopoda Gasulla et al.
2016	Jiayinosauropus johnsoni Salisbury et al. p. 83
2017	Taponichnus donottoi Cónsole-Gonella et al. p. 345
2017	Telosichnus saltensis Cónsole-Gonella et al. p. 345
2017	Ornithopoda Wang et al.
2018	Ornithopoda Herne et al.
2018	Ornithopoda Madzia et al.
2018	Ornithopoda Xu et al.
2019	Ornithopoda Herne et al. p. 573
2019	Ornithopoda Ibiricu et al.
2019	Ornithopoda Kobayashi et al.
2019	Ornithopoda Novas et al. p. 230
2019	Ornithopoda Prieto-Márquez et al.
2019	Ornithopoda Zhang et al.
2020	Ornithopoda Dieudonné et al.
2020	Phyllodon henkeli Rotatori et al. p. 35
2021	Ornithopoda Ibiricu et al.
2022	Ornithopoda Moyano-Paz et al. p. 17
2023	Ornithopoda Agnolín et al.