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Echinacea
Taxonomy
Echinideae was named by Claus (1876). It is extant.
It was reranked as the superorder Echinacea by Durham and Melville (1957); it was reranked as the unranked clade Echinacea by Smith (1991), Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was assigned to Euechinoidea by Durham and Melville (1957), Smith (1991), Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was reranked as the superorder Echinacea by Durham and Melville (1957); it was reranked as the unranked clade Echinacea by Smith (1991), Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was assigned to Euechinoidea by Durham and Melville (1957), Smith (1991), Kroh and Smith (2010).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1957 | Echinacea Durham and Melville p. 253 |
| 1991 | Echinacea Smith p. 18 |
| 2010 | Echinacea Kroh and Smith p. 173 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Echinacea Claus 1876
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Or. Arbacioida Gregory 1900
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Fm. Arbaciidae Gray 1855
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G. †Acropeltis
G. †Acrosaster
G. Arbacia Gray 1835
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†Arbacia abiquaensis Linder et al. 1988
Arbacia dufresnii Blainville 1825
†Arbacia forbesii Wright 1851
†Arbacia improcera Conrad 1843
Arbacia incisa Agassiz 1863
†Arbacia nodulosa Goldfuss 1826
†Arbacia punctulata Lamarck 1816
†Arbacia rivuli Cooke 1941
†Arbacia sloani Clark and Twitchell 1915
Arbacia spatuligera Valenciennes 1846
†Arbacia waccamaw Cooke 1941
G. Arbaciella Mortensen 1910
G. †Atopechinus
G. †Baueria
G. †Codiopsis
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†Codiopsis ciae Lambert 1908
†Codiopsis doma Desmarest 1825
†Codiopsis lehmannae Smith 1995
†Codiopsis stephensoni Cooke 1953
G. Coelopleurus
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†Coelopleurus carolinensis Cooke 1941
†Coelopleurus castroi Maury 1930
Coelopleurus coronaformis Israelsky 1923
†Coelopleurus infulatus Morton 1833
†Coelopleurus maculatus Agassiz and Clark 1907
†Coelopleurus singularis Nisiyama 1966
Invalid names: Murravechinus [nomen nudum]
G. †Echinocidaris Duncan
G. †Glypticus
G. †Goniopygus Agassiz 1838
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†Goniopygus arabicus Smith 1995
†Goniopygus atavus Nisiyama 1950
†Goniopygus eravillensis Arnaud 1889
†Goniopygus menardi Desmarest in Defrance 1925
†Goniopygus zitteli Clark 1891
G. †Heteropodia White 1887
G. †Magnosia
G. †Noetlingaster
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†Noetlingaster emiratescus Ali 1989
†Noetlingaster paucituberculatus Noetling 1897
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Invalid names: Noetlingaster lamberti Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingaster millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingaster sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingia boulei Lambert 1906 [synonym], Noetlingia monteili Gauthier 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Noetlingia Lambert 1898 [replaced], Protechinus Noetling 1897 [replaced]
G. †Pleiocyphus Pomel 1883
G. Podocidaris Agassiz 1869
Invalid names: Coelopleuridae Märkel 1969 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Dialithocidaris Agassiz 1898
Fm. †Goniopygidae Smith and Wright 1993
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G. †Pygmaeocidaris Doederlein 1905
Invalid names: Acropeltidae Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [empty], Arbacioina Gregory 1900 [empty], Glypticidae Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [empty], Salenioina Mortensen 1903 [empty]
G. †Besairiecidaris Lambert 1936
G. †Bramus de Gregorio 1930
Or. Camarodonta Jackson 1912
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Infraor. Echinidea
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Fm. Echinidae Gray 1825
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G. †Atactus
G. Echinus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Echinus (Agarites) Agassiz 1841
Echinus anchistus Clark 1912
Echinus euryporus Clark 1909
†Echinus granularis Wright 1851
Echinus horridus Agassiz 1879
†Echinus perlatus Desmarest 1825
†Echinus purpuratus Stimpson 1857
G. †Hypechinus
G. Paracentrotus Mortensen 1903
G. Psammechinus
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†Psammechinus carolinensis Kier 1997
Psammechinus cingulatus Clark 1891
†Psammechinus dubius Agassiz 1840
†Psammechinus exoletus McCrady 1857
†Psammechinus floralanus Cooke 1941
†Psammechinus ocalanus Cooke 1941
†Psammechinus philanthropus Conrad 1843
†Psammechinus santee Cooke 1941
G. Stirechinus
G. Tripneustes Agassiz 1841
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Subg. Tripneustes (Hipponoe) Gray 1840
Tripneustes depresss Agassiz 1863
†Tripneustes esculenta Leske 1778
Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus 1758
†Tripneustes magnificus Nisiyama 1966
†Tripneustes pregratilla McNamara and Kendrick 1994
Invalid names: Parechinidae Mortensen 1903 [empty], Triplechinidae [empty]
Infraor. Odontophora Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Echinometridae Gray 1855
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G. †Anthocidaris Lütken 1864
G. Echinometra Gray 1825
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†Echinometra hondoana Nisiyama 1966
Echinometra insularis Clark 1912
Echinometra lucunter Linnaeus 1758
†Echinometra mathaei Blainville 1825
Echinometra oblonga Blainville 1825
Echinometra vanbrunti Agassiz 1863
Invalid names: Ellipsechinus [synonym]
G. Evechinus
G. Heterocentrotus Brandt 1835
Fm. Strongylocentrotidae Gregory 1900
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G. Strongylocentrotus Brandt 1835
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Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis Müller 1776
Strongylocentrotus echinoides Agassiz and Clark 1907
Strongylocentrotus fragilis Jackson 1912
Strongylocentrotus franciscanus Agassiz 1863
Strongylocentrotus intermedius Barn 1863
†Strongylocentrotus magistrus Nisiyama 1966
Strongylocentrotus nudus Agassiz 1863
†Strongylocentrotus octoporus Nisiyama 1966
Strongylocentrotus polycanthus Agassiz and Clark 1907
Strongylocentrotus pulchellus Agassiz and Clark 1907
Strongylocentrotus pulcherriumus Agassiz 1863
†Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Stimpson 1857
Strongylocentrotus sachalinicus Döderlein 1912
Fm. Toxopneustidae Troschel 1872
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G. Goniopneustes Duncan 1889
G. Gymnechinus Mortensen 1903
G. Lytechinus Agassiz 1863
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Lytechinus anamesus Clark 1912
†Lytechinus baldwini Linder et al. 1988
†Lytechinus coreyi Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Lytechinus milleri Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Lytechinus pictus Verrill 1867
†Lytechinus semituberculatus Agassiz and Desor 1867
Lytechinus variegatus Lamarck 1816
G. Nudechinus Clark 1912
G. †Oligophyma Pomel 1869
G. Pseudoboletia Troschel 1869
G. †Schizechinus Pomel 1869
G. Sphaerechinus Desor 1856
Infraor. Temnopleuridea Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Glyphocyphidae Duncan 1889
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G. †Arachniopleurus
G. †Dictyopleurus
G. †Glyphocyphus
G. †Glyptodiadema Pomel 1883
G. †Hemidiadema
G. †Radiocyphus
Fm. Temnopleuridae Agassiz 1872
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G. Desmechinus
G. Genocidaris Agassiz 1869
G. †Glyptechinus
G. †Goniosigma
G. †Grammechinus
G. †Graphepleurus
G. †Irenechinus
G. †Leiocyphus
G. †Leptopleurus
G. †Martinechinus
G. Microcyphus
G. Ortholophus Duncan 1887
G. †Paradoxechinus
G. Printechinus
G. Prionechinus
G. †Pseudarbacina
G. †Pseudodicoptella
G. †Scolechinus
G. †Temnechinus
Subfm. †Temnopleurinae Agassiz 1872
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G. †Brochopleurus
G. Erbechinus
G. †Mespilia Desor 1846
G. †Salmaciella Mortensen 1942
G. Temnopleurus
G. Temnotrema
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†Temnotrema macleayana Tenison-Woods 1878
†Temnotrema rubrum Döderlein 1885
†Temnotrema sculptum Agassiz 1863
G. †Triplacidia
Invalid names: Zeuglopleuridae Lewis 1986 [empty]
G. †Crinocidaris de Gregorio 1930
Fm. †Glyphopneustidae Smith and Wright 1993
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Or. †Plesiocidaroida Duncan 1889
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Superor. Stirodonta Jackson 1912
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Or. †Hemicidaroida Beurlen 1937
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G. †Allomma
G. †Colpotiara
G. †Micropedina Cotteau 1866
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†Micropedina gongilensis Brighton 1925
†Micropedina olisiponensis Forbes in Sharpe 1850
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Invalid names: Codiopsis cotteaui Coquand 1862 [synonym], Micropedina bipatellis Gregory 1906 [synonym]
G. †Trochodiadema
Or. Stomopneustoida Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Stomechinidae Pomel 1883
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G. †Codechinus Desor 1858
G. †Diplechinus
G. †Diplotagma
G. †Jeannetia
G. †Phymechinus Desor 1858
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†Phymechinus benoisti Lambert 1900
†Phymechinus mirabilis Agassiz 1846
†Phymechinus perplexus Smith 1995
G. †Polycyphus Agassiz and Desor 1846
G. †Pseudarbacia
G. †Stomechinus Desor 1858
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†Stomechinus bigranularis Lamarck 1816
†Stomechinus dissimilaris Linder et al. 1988
†Stomechinus hyatti Clark 1893
G. Stomopneustes Agassiz 1841
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†Stomopneustes antiquus Nisiyama 1966
†Stomopneustes pristinus Jackson 1937
G. †Tiarechinopsis
G. †Trochalosoma
Invalid names: Glyptocidaridae Jensen 1982 [empty]
Invalid names: Temnopleuroidea Mortensen 1942 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available