Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Clupeocephala

Actinopteri

Taxonomy
Clupeocephala was named by Patterson and Rosen (1977) [ranked as a cohort by Murray et al. 2005]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Elopocephala by Nolf and Dockery (1990); to Teleostei by Cavin (1999); to Osteoglossocephalai by Betancur et al. (2013); to Teleostei by de Figueiredo and Gallo (2004), Murray et al. (2005) and Arratia (2015); to Osteoglossocephala by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Teleocephala by Ebersole et al. (2024).

Subtaxa
Beurlenichthys, Clupeomorpha, Euteleostei, Euteleosteomorpha, Orthogonikleithridae, Otomorpha (syn. Ostarioclupeomorpha, Otocephala)
Sister taxa
Euteleostei, Euteleosteomorpha, Otomorpha (syn. Ostarioclupeomorpha, Otocephala)

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1977Clupeocephala Patterson and Rosen
1990Clupeocephala Nolf and Dockery III p. 5
1999Clupeocephala Cavin
2004Clupeocephala de Figueiredo and Gallo
2005Clupeocephala Murray et al.
2013Clupeocephala Betancur et al.
2015Clupeocephala Arratia p. 61
2016Clupeocephala Nelson et al. p. 160
2024Clupeocephala Ebersole et al. p. 13

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
RankNameAuthor
superclassActinopterygii()
classActinopteri()
subclassNeopterygii(Regan 1923)
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Teleocephalade Pinna 1996
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Clupeocephala Patterson and Rosen 1977
show all | hide all
G. †Beurlenichthys de Figueiredo and Gallo 2004
Superor. Clupeomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966
+
Or. †Ellimmichthyiformes Grande 1982
+
Fm. †Armigatidae Murray and Wilson 2013
+
G. †Armigatus Grande 1982
+
†Armigatus alticorpus Forey et al. 2003
†Armigatus brevissimus de Blainville 1818
†Armigatus carrenoae Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2020
†Armigatus dalmaticus Murray et al. 2016
†Armigatus elatus Costa 1850
+
Invalid names: Histiurus serioloides Costa 1864 [synonym], Histiurus ventricosus Costa 1865 [synonym]
†Armigatus namourensis Forey et al. 2003
†Armigatus oligodentatus Vernygora and Murray 2015
†Armigatus plinii Marramà and Carnevale 2023
Invalid names: Histiurus Costa 1850 [nomen oblitum]
Subor. †Armigatoidei Murray and Wilson 2013
+
G. †Diplomystus Cope 1877
+
†Diplomystus altisomus Yabumoto 1994
†Diplomystus altus Leidy 1873
†Diplomystus birdi Woodward 1895
†Diplomystus coverhamensis Chapman 1918
†Diplomystus dartevellei Casier 1965
†Diplomystus dentatus Cope 1877
+
Invalid names: Diplomystus analis Cope 1877 [synonym], Diplomystus pectorosus Cope 1877 [synonym], Diplomystus theta Cope 1873 [synonym]
†Diplomystus dubertreti Signeux 1951
†Diplomystus primotinus Uyeno 1979
†Diplomystus vectensis Newton 1889
Invalid names: Copeichthys Dollo 1904 [objective synonym]
G. †Codoichthys Silva Santos 1994
+
†Codoichthys carnavalii Silva Santos 1994
Fm. †Ellimmichthyidae Grande 1982
+
G. †Ellimmichthys Jordan and Gilbert 1919
+
†Ellimmichthys goodi Eastman 1912
+
Invalid names: Diplomystus elberti Weiler 1922 [synonym], Ellimma guineensis Gayet 1989 [synonym]
G. †Guiclupea Chen et al. 2021
+
†Guiclupea superstes Chen et al. 2021
G. †Horseshoeichthys Newbrey et al. 2010
+
†Horseshoeichthys armaserratus Newbrey et al. 2010
Fm. †Paraclupeidae Chang and Chou 1977
+
G. †Eoellimmichthys Marramà et al. 2019
+
†Eoellimmichthys superstes Marramà et al. 2019
Subfm. †Paraclupeinae Chang and Chou 1977
+
G. †Ezkutuberezi Poyato-Ariza et al. 2000
G. †Paraclupea Sun 1956
G. †Rhombichthys Khalloufi et al. 2010
G. †Scutatoclupea Bannikov 2015
G. †Thorectichthys Murray and Wilson 2013
+
†Thorectichthys fideli Than-Marchese et al. 2024
†Thorectichthys marocensis Murray and Wilson 2013
†Thorectichthys rhadinus Murray and Wilson 2013
G. †Triplomystus Forey et al. 2003
+
†Triplomystus noorae Forey et al. 2003
†Triplomystus oligoscutatus Forey et al. 2003
G. †Tycheroichthys Hay et al. 2007
+
†Tycheroichthys dunveganensis Hay et al. 2007
Invalid names: Ellimmichthyinae [empty], Ellimminae [empty], Thorectichthyinae [empty]
Fm. †Scutatuspinosidae Santos and Corréa 1985
+
G. †Foreyclupea Vernygora et al. 2016
+
†Foreyclupea loonensis Vernygora et al. 2016
G. †Scutatuspinosus Silva Santos and Correa 1985
+
†Scutatuspinosus itapagipensis Silva Santos and Correa 1985
Fm. †Sorbinichthyidae Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
+
G. †Sorbinichthys Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
+
†Sorbinichthys elusivo Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
Subor. †Sorbinichthyoidei Marramà and Carnevale 2017
+
Fm. †Gasteroclupeidae Signeux 1964
+
G. †Gasteroclupea Signeux 1964
Invalid names: Ellimmichthyoidei [empty]
G. †Leufuichthys Gallo et al. 2011
+
†Leufuichthys minimus Gallo et al. 2011
G. †Ornategulum Forey 1973
+
†Ornategulum sardinioides Pictet 1850
G. †Ranulfoichthys Alvarado-Ortega 2014
+
†Ranulfoichthys dorsonudum Alvarado-Ortega 2014
G. †Scombroclupea Kner 1863
+
†Scombroclupea diminuta Forey et al. 2003
†Scombroclupea gaudryi Pictet and Humbert 1866
†Scombroclupea javieri Than-Marchese et al. 2020
†Scombroclupea occidentalis Giersch et al. 2011
†Scombroclupea scutata Woodward 1908
Unr. Euteleostei Rosen 1973
+
+
+
Invalid names: Batrachoidida [empty]
G. †Caprosimilis Bienkowska-Wasiluk and Bonde 2015
+
†Caprosimilis carpathicus Bienkowska-Wasiluk and Bonde 2015
Or. Cataphracti Jordan 1963
+
+
Invalid names: Abyssocottidae [empty], Ascelichthyidae [empty], Aspidophoroididae [empty], Blepsiidae [empty], Comephoridae [empty], Cottocomerphoridae [empty], Hemitripteridae [empty], Icelidae [empty], Neophrynichthyidae [empty], Synchridae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Liparopidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Anoplopomidae [empty], Erilepidae [empty], Oxylebiidae [empty]
Invalid names: Platycephaliformes Jordan 1963 [empty], Trigliformes [empty]
G. †Choichix Cantalice et al. 2021
+
†Choichix alvaradoi Cantalice et al. 2021
G. †Gigapteryx Forey et al. 2003
+
†Gigapteryx tethyestris Forey et al. 2003
+
Invalid names: Hysterocarpidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Cirrhitoidei [empty], Helostomidae [empty], Luciocephalidae [empty], Ophicephalidae [empty], Polyacanthidae [empty]
G. †Pepemkay Alvarado-Ortega and Than-Marchese 2013
+
†Pepemkay maya Alvarado-Ortega and Than-Marchese 2013
+
Unr. †Gobiida Lin et al. 2015
+
†Gobiida bicornuta Lin et al. 2015
†Gobiida brioche Lin et al. 2015
G. †Kelemejtubus Cantalice and Alvarado-Ortega 2017
+
†Kelemejtubus castroi Cantalice and Alvarado-Ortega 2017
G. †Nardoichthys Sorbini and Bannikov 1992
Unr. Ovalentaria Smith and Near 2012
+
G. †Cylindracanthus Leidy 1856
Invalid names: Gobiesociformes [empty], Grammatidae [empty], Moroniformes [empty], Scombrolabraciformes [empty]
Invalid names: Ophidiida [empty], Pelagia Miya et al. 2013 [empty]
+
+
Invalid names: Protosyngnathidae [empty]
Invalid names: Lophobranchi Cuvier [empty]
Invalid names: Acanthoessus Agassiz 1832 [nomen nudum], Aulostomi Cuvier [empty], Cetomimiformes [empty], Euacanthopterygii Johnson and Patterson 1993 [empty], Hypostomides [empty], Xenoberyces [empty], Zeoidei [empty]
G. †Avitosmerus Fielitz 2002
+
†Avitosmerus canadensis Fielitz 2002
G. †Erichalcis Forey 1975
+
†Erichalcis arcta Forey 1975
†Erichalcis conspicua Hermus et al. 2004
Superor. Paracanthopterygii Greenwood et al. 1966
+
+
G. †Macruridarum Koken
+
†Macruridarum acuminatus Weiler 1943
†Macruridarum ovalis Weiler 1943
Fm. †Mcconichthyidae Grande 1988
+
G. †Mcconichthys Grande 1988
Invalid names: Eretmophoridae [empty], Macrouroididae [empty], Ophidioidea [empty]
Or. †Sphenocephaliformes Rosen and Patterson 1969
+
Fm. †Sphenocephalidae Patterson 1964
+
G. †Sphenocephalus Agassiz 1839
G. †Xenyllion Wilson and Murray 1996
Fm. †Protostomiidae Arambourg 1943
+
G. †Pronotacanthus Woodward 1901
+
G. †Protostomias Arambourg 1933
+
†Protostomias maroccanus Arambourg 1943
G. †Santanasalmo Gallo et al. 2009
+
†Santanasalmo elegans Gallo et al. 2009
Superor. Scopelomorpha
+
Or. †Ctenothrissiformes Patterson 1964
+
Fm. †Aulolepidae Patterson 1964
+
G. †Aulolepis Agassiz 1837
G. †Pateroperca Woodward 1942
G. †Pattersonichthys Goody 1969
+
G. †Ctenothrissa Woodward 1899
Invalid names: Cyclosquamata [empty], Lampridiomorpha [empty], Lamprimorpha [empty], Osmeromorpha [empty]
+
+
+
Invalid names: Lepidogalaxiidae [empty]
Unr. Neoteleostei Rosen 1973
+
+
Or. Ateleopodiformes [jellynose fish]
+
Invalid names: Ateleopodidae [empty]
Unr. Eurypterygia Rosen 1973
+
Or. Alepisauriformes Regan 1911
+
Unr. Aulopa
+
Or. Aulopiformes Rosen 1973
Fm. †Cheirotricidae Woodward 1901
+
G. †Cheirothrix Pictet and Humbert 1866
+
Invalid names: Megapus Schlüter 1868 [synonym], Megistopus Landois 1894 [synonym]
+
Unr. Acanthomorphata Rosen 1973
Superor. Protacanthopterygii Greenwood et al. 1966
+
+
Fm. Argentinidae Bonaparte 1838
+
G. Argentina Linnaeus 1758
G. †Glossanodon Guichenot 1867
G. Nansenia Jordan and Evermann 1896
G. †Proargentina Danil'chenko 1960
G. †Protargentinolithus Schwarzhans 2003
+
G. Bathylagus Günther 1878
G. †Quaesita Jordan and Gilbert 1919
+
G. Dolichopteryx Brauer 1901
Invalid names: Argentinoidei Bertelsen 1958 [empty], Bathylagidae [empty]
+
Fm. Esocidae Cuvier 1817
+
G. Esox Linnaeus 1758 [pike]
G. †Estesesox Wilson et al. 1992
G. †Oldmanesox Wilson et al. 1992
G. Planesox Owen 1854
+
G. Dallia Bean 1880 [blackfish]
G. Novumbra Schultz 1929
G. Umbra Gronovius 1763
G. †Umbridarum Unknown
Invalid names: Palaeoesocidae [empty]
+
+
G. Galaxias Cuvier 1816
Or. Salmoniformes Bleeker 1859
+
G. †Barcarenichthys Gayet 1989
G. †Casieroides Taverne 1975
G. †Chardonius Taverne 1975
Subor. †Cimolichthyoidei Goody 1969
+
Fm. †Cimolichthyidae Goody 1969
Fm. †Prionolepididae Goody 1969
G. †Gharbouria Gayet 1988
G. †Goudkoffia David 1946
G. †Natlandia David 1946
G. Prosopium Jordan 1878
G. †Pseudoleptolepis Taverne 1975
Fm. Salmonidae Cuvier 1816
+
G. †Helgolandichthys Taverne 1981
G. Hucho Guenther 1866
G. †Leptichthys Stewart 1899
G. Oncorhynchus Suckley 1860 [Pacific salmon]
G. Osmerus Forskal 1775
G. †Rhabdofario Cope 1870
G. †Salmonidarum Unknown
Subfm. Salmoninae Cuvier 1816
G. Salvelinus Richardson 1836
G. †Smilodonichthys Cavender and Miller 1972 [spike toothed salmon]
G. †Spaniodon Pictet 1850
+
†Spaniodon blondelii Pictet 1850
†Spaniodon brevis Pictet and Humbert 1866
†Spaniodon electus Davis 1887
†Spaniodon elongatus Pictet 1850
†Spaniodon latus Agassiz 1839
†Spaniodon lepturus von der Marck 1894
†Spaniodon simus Cope 1878
+
G. †Thaumaturus Reuss 1844
G. Thymallus Cuvier 1829
Invalid names: Esocoidea Bleeker 1859 [empty], Esocoidei Berg 1936 [empty], Myctophoidei [empty]
+
+
G. Allosmerus Hubbs 1925
G. †Carpathichthys Jerzmanska 1979
G. †Enoplophthalmus Sauvage 1880
G. Maulisia Parr 1960
G. †Nybelinoides Taverne 1982
G. Opisthoproctus Vaillant 1888
+
G. Hypomesus Gill 1862
G. Spirinchus Jordan and Evermann 1896
Invalid names: Plecoglossidae [empty], Prototroctidae [empty], Retropinnidae [empty], Salangidae [empty]
+
+
G. Bonapartia Goode and Bean 1896
G. Cyclothone Goode and Bean 1883
G. Gonostoma Rafinesque 1810
G. †Gonostomatidarum Nolf and Brzobohaty 1994
G. †Margrethia Jespersen and Tåning 1919
G. †Scopeloides Wettstein 1887
G. †Sigmops Gill 1883
Subor. †Gonostomatoidei
+
Fm. Sternoptychidae Gill 1863
G. Ichthyococcus Bonaparte 1841
G. †Idrissia Arambourg 1954
+
†Idrissia carpathica Jerzmanska 1960
†Idrissia carpiromanica Ciobanu 1977
G. †Ohuus Sato 1962
G. †Paravinciguerria Arambourg 1955
+
†Paravinciguerria praecursor Arambourg 1954
+
G. †Photichthyidarum Unknown
G. Polymetme McCulloch 1926
G. Vinciguerria Jordan and Evermann 1895
G. †Woodsia Grey 1959
G. †Praewoodsia Arambourg 1967
+
G. †Abruzzoichthys Carnevale 2002
G. †Azemiolestes Prokofiev 2001
G. Borostomias Regan 1908
G. Chauliodus Schneider 1801
G. †Mrazecia Pauca 1929
G. Stomias Cuvier 1817
+
Invalid names: Macrostomias Brauer 1902 [synonym]
G. †Telepholis von der Marck 1868
+
†Telepholis acrocephalus von der Marck 1868
Invalid names: Diplophidae [empty], Gonostomata [empty], Phosichthyoidei [empty]
Fm. †Xeneichthyidae Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
+
G. †Xeneichthys Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
+
†Xeneichthys yanesi Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
Fm. †Orthogonikleithridae Arratia 1987
+
G. †Leptolepides Nybelin 1974
G. †Orthogonikleithrus Arratia 1987
+
†Orthogonikleithrus hoelli Arratia 1997
†Orthogonikleithrus leichi Arratia 1987
+
+
+
+
G. Alepocephalus Goode and Bean 1879
G. †Palaeotroctes Danil'chenko 1960
G. Xenodermichthys Günther 1878
+
G. †Vachalia Přikryl and Carnevale 2020
Invalid names: Bathylaconidae Parr 1948 [empty]
Unr. Clupei
+
Or. Clupeiformes Bleeker 1859
+
G. †Austroclupea Bardack 1961
Fm. Clupeoidei Bleeker 1859 [herring]
+
Fm. Alosidae Svetovidov 1952
Fm. Chirocentridae Cuvier and Valenciennes 1846
Fm. †Clupavidae
Fm. Clupeidae Cuvier 1817 [herring]
Superfm. Clupeoidea Cuvier 1817
Superfm. Engrauloidea Grande 1985
Invalid names: Ancylostylidae [empty], Cromeriidae [empty], Dorosomidae [empty], Erythrinolepidae [empty], Macristiidae [empty], Notogoneidae [empty]
G. †Daitingichthys Arratia 1987
+
G. †Paleodenticeps Greenwoos
Invalid names: Denticipitidae [empty]
G. †Hacquetia Szajnocha 1886
G. †Pseudoellimma De Figueiredo 2009
+
†Pseudoellimma gallae De Figueiredo 2009
Invalid names: Chirocentroidea Applegate 1970 [empty]
Unr. Ostariophysi Jordan and Evermann 1896
+
+
Invalid names: Atelaxia [empty], Histichthyes [empty], Taeniosomi [empty]
Unr. Anotophysa Rosen and Greenwood 1970
+
G. †Eucoelogaster White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
Invalid names: Coelogaster Agassiz 1835 [replaced]
+
G. †Aethalionopsis Gaudant 1967
G. †Caeus Costa 1853
Subor. Chanoidei
G. †Chanopsis Casier 1961
G. †Dastilbe Jordan 1910
Subor. Knerioidei
G. †Neohalecopsis Weiler 1928
G. †Salminops Gayet 1985
G. †Tharrhias Jordan and Branner 1908
G. †Gordichthys Poyato-Ariza 1994
+
†Gordichthys conquensis Poyato-Ariza 1994
Invalid names: Chanos forcipatus Heckel 1854 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Chanoides Woodward 1901
+
†Chanoides macropoma Agassiz 1835
+
Invalid names: Characodontidae [empty], Fitzroyiidae [empty], Gooeidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Apidosiidae [empty], Homalopteridae [empty], Medidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Electrophoridae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Luciidae [empty]
+
+
G. †Eobrycon Jordan 1907
Invalid names: Xiphiostomidae [empty]
Or. Heterosomata Cope 1871
+
+
G. †Hippoglossus Jordan 1924
Invalid names: Synapturidae [empty]
Or. Nematognathii Gill 1861
+
Invalid names: Ameiuridae [empty], Argidae [empty], Bunocephalidae [empty], Hypophthalmidae [empty], Lepidoglanidae [empty], Pygidiidae [empty]
+
Superor. Characiphysae
+
Or. Characiformes Regan 1911
Or. Siluriformes [catfish]
Superor. Cyprinae
+
Or. Cypriniformes Bleeker 1859 [carp-like fish]
Invalid names: Chanoididae [empty], Characiphysi Fink and Fink 1981 [empty], Cypriniphysi [empty], Siluriphysi Grande and De Pinna 1998 [empty]
+
Invalid names: Semiophoridae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Rogeniidae [empty], Xenesthidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Asineopidae [empty]
Or. Xenomi
+
Invalid names: Dalliidae [empty]
Invalid names: Salmopercae [empty], Siluroidea [empty]
Invalid names: Ostarioclupeomorpha [synonym], Otocephala [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available