Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Ctenosquamata

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Ctenosquamata is an unranked clade. It is extant.

It was assigned to Eurypterygii by Nolf and Dockery (1990); and to Eurypterygia by Betancur et al. (2013), van der Laan (2019).

Subtaxa
Acanthomorphata, Myctophata
Sister taxa
Acanthomorphata, Myctophata

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1990Ctenosquamata Nolf and Dockery III p. 8
2013Ctenosquamata Betancur et al.
2019Ctenosquamata van der Laan p. 70

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassActinopterygii()
RankNameAuthor
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—ClupeocephalaPatterson and Rosen 1977
—Euteleosteomorpha
—NeoteleosteiRosen 1973
—Eurypterygia(Rosen 1973)
—Ctenosquamata
—Ctenosquamata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

show all | hide all
Unr. Acanthomorphata Rosen 1973
hide
Superfm. †Aipichthyoidea Patterson 1964
+
G. †Errachidia Murray and Wilson 2014
+
†Errachidia pentaspinosa Murray and Wilson 2014
G. †Freigichthys Otero 1997
+
†Freigichthys elleipsis Otero 1997
G. †Homalopagus Murray and Wilson 2014
+
†Homalopagus multispinosus Murray and Wilson 2014
Fm. †Asineopidae Cope 1877
+
G. †Asineops Cope 1870
+
†Asineops squamifrons Cope 1870
Fm. †Bajaichthyidae Bannikov and Sorbini 2014
+
G. †Bajaichthys Sorbini 1983
+
Bajaichthys elegans Sorbini 1983
Or. †Ctenothrissiformes Patterson 1964
+
Fm. †Aulolepidae Patterson 1964
+
G. †Aulolepis Agassiz 1837
+
†Aulolepis typus Agassiz 1837
+
G. †Ctenothrissa Woodward 1899
+
†Ctenothrissa microcephala Agassiz 1837
†Ctenothrissa radians Agassiz 1837
†Ctenothrissa vexillifer Pictet 1850
+
Invalid names: Beryx ovalis Davis 1887 [synonym]
G. †Dalgoichthys González-Rodríguez et al. 2013
+
†Dalgoichthys tropicalis González-Rodríguez et al. 2013
+
Or. Lampridiformes Olney et al. 1993
+
G. †Eolophotes Daniltshenko 1980
Fm. Lamprididae Gottfried et al. 2006
+
G. †Megalampris Gottfried et al. 2006
G. †Protolophotus Walters 1957
+
G. †Trachipterus Gouan 1770
Subor. †Veliferoidei
+
Fm. †Turkmenidae Daniltshenko 1968
Invalid names: Pegasus volans Volta 1796 [invalid subgroup], Regalecidae [empty], Trachipteroidei [empty]
G. †Oncolepis Bassani 1898
+
†Oncolepis isseli Bassani 1897
+
+
Invalid names: Gadariae [empty], Zeariae [empty]
Invalid names: Percopsaria [empty]
Fm. †Pateropercidae Gaudant 1978
+
G. †Pateroperca Woodward 1942
+
†Pateroperca libanica Woodward 1942
Fm. †Pattersonichthyidae Gaudant 1976
+
G. †Pattersonichthys Goody 1969
+
Superor. Polymixiacea
+
Invalid names: Polymixiformes [empty]
G. †Pseudotetrapturus Danil'chenko 1960
G. †Spinocaudichthys Filleul and Dutheil 2001
G. †Xiphopterus Agassiz 1835
+
†Xiphopterus falcatus Volta 1796
Invalid names: Euacanthomorphacea [empty]
hide
Or. Myctophiformes Regan 1911
+
Fm. Myctophidae Gill 1893 [lanternfish]
+
G. Aethoprora Goode and Bean 1896
+
G. Benthosema Goode and Bean 1896
+
†Benthosema duanformis Lin et al. 2023
Benthosema fibulatum Gilbert and Cramer 1897
†Benthosema fitchi Brzobohaty and Schultz 1978
Benthosema glaciale Reinhardt 1837 [glacier lantern fish]
+
Invalid names: Scopelus mulleri Gill 1861 [synonym], Scopelus parvimanus Günther 1864 [synonym], Scopelus scoticus Günther 1887 [synonym]
†Benthosema minutum Schwarzhans 2019
†Benthosema panamense Taning 1932
†Benthosema parafibulatum Lin et al. 2023
Benthosema pinchoti Fowler 1932
†Benthosema pluridens Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
Benthosema pterota Alcock 1891
Benthosema pterotum Alcock 1890
G. Bolinichthys Paxton 1972
+
Bolinichthys indicus Nafpaktitis and Nafpaktitis 1969
G. Dasyscopelus Günther 1864
+
†Dasyscopelus inopinatus Lin and O’Dea 2025
Subfm. Diaphinae
+
G. Idiolychnus Nafpaktitis and Paxton 1978
G. Diaphus Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890
+
Subg. Diaphus (Diaphus) Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890
Subg. Diaphus (Hyperphotops) Fraser-Brunner 1949
Subg. †Diaphus (Lamprossa) Jordan and Hubbs 1925
Subg. Diaphus (Panthophos) Jordan and Hubbs 1925
†Diaphus aeolochrus Barnard 1927
†Diaphus aequalis Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus alcoholicus Brzobohaty and Nolf 1995
†Diaphus altus Schwarzhans 1980
†Diaphus angulatus Ohe and Araki 1973
†Diaphus apalus Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus audax Schwarzhans 2019
†Diaphus austriacus Koken 1891
†Diaphus barrigonensis Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus bolini David 1943
†Diaphus cahuzaci Steurbaut 1979
†Diaphus capax Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
Diaphus carsoni Fowler 1933
†Diaphus cassidiformis Frost 1934
†Diaphus caurus Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
Diaphus chrysorhynchus Gilbert and Cramer 1897
†Diaphus coatesi Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus crameri Fowler 1933
†Diaphus crassus Schwarzhans 1978
†Diaphus curvatus Schwarzhans 1980
Diaphus danae Tåning 1932
†Diaphus debilis Koken 1891
†Diaphus depressifrons Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus draconis Schwarzhans 2013
Diaphus dumerilii Bleeker 1856
†Diaphus duosensitivus Ciobanu 1977
†Diaphus ecuadorensis Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus edwardsi Sauvage 1870
†Diaphus emensus Schwarzhans 1985
†Diaphus endoi Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
†Diaphus excisus Frost 1934
†Diaphus exilis Schwarzhans 2019
†Diaphus garmani Gilbert 1906
†Diaphus gatunensis Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus gigas Gilbert 1913
†Diaphus grebneffi Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
†Diaphus haereticus Brzobohaty and Schultz 1978
†Diaphus hataii Ohe and Araki 1973
Diaphus holti Taaning 1918 [small lantern fish]
†Diaphus huatau Schwarzhans 2019
Diaphus italicus Anfossi and Mosna 1971
†Diaphus kaiparaensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Diaphus kakegawaensis Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
Diaphus kendalli Fowler 1933
†Diaphus kuroshio Kawaguchi and Nafpaktitis 1978
†Diaphus larteti Sauvage 1870
†Diaphus longirostris Brozobohaty 1983
Diaphus lucida Goode and Bean 1896
Diaphus luetkeni Brauer 1904
†Diaphus manneringi Schwarzhans 2019
†Diaphus marambionis Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Diaphus marwicki Frost 1934
†Diaphus meniliticus Kalabis 1948
†Diaphus metopoclampoides Steurbaut 1983
†Diaphus microsomus Sauvage 1870
†Diaphus mirus Schwarzhans 2019
Diaphus mollis Tåning 1928
†Diaphus molossus Nolf and Steurbaut 1988
†Diaphus multiserratus Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus nafpaktitisi Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
Diaphus nanus Gilbert 1908
†Diaphus noboriensis Schwarzhans and Ohe 2019
†Diaphus parri Taning 1932
†Diaphus paxtoni Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus perspicillatoides Brzobohaty and Nolf 1995
†Diaphus poignantae Steurbaut 1979
†Diaphus polysarcus Kramberger 1879
†Diaphus prisismetallis Nolf and Brzobohaty 1994
Diaphus rafinesqui Cocco 1838
Diaphus regani Taning 1932
Diaphus richardsoni Tåning 1932
†Diaphus rodriguezi Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Diaphus sauvagei Arambourg 1925
†Diaphus splendidus Prochazka 1893 [horned lanternfish]
†Diaphus stafforaensis Nolf and Steurbaut 1988
Diaphus sulcatus Bassolini 1906
Diaphus taaningi Norma 1930 [slopewater lanternfish]
†Diaphus tenax Schwarzhans 2019
Diaphus termophilus Tåning 1928
Diaphus theta Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890
†Diaphus thiollieri Fowler 1932
†Diaphus vexillifer Sauvage 1870
†Myctophum (Diaphus) sauvagei Arambourg 1925
Invalid names: Cavelampus Whitley 1933 [synonym], Collettia Goode and Bean 1895 [synonym]
G. Diogenichthys Bolin 1839
+
†Diogenichthys aguilerai Schwarzhans 2013
†Diogenichthys hulleyi Schwarzhans 2013
†Diogenichthys laternatum Garman 1899
†Diogenichthys rangiauriensis Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Eokrefftia Schwarzhans 1985
+
†Eokrefftia prediaphus Schwarzhans 1985
G. †Eomyctophum Danil'chenko 1947
+
†Eomyctophum broncus Schwarzhans 2019
†Eomyctophum cozlae Ciobanu 1977
†Eomyctophum koraense Danil'chenko 1947
†Eomyctophum limicola Danil'chenko 1960
†Eomyctophum menneri Danil'chenko 1947
†Eomyctophum porokawa Schwarzhans 2019
+
G. Hintonia Fraser-Brunner 1949
G. Lampanyctodes Fraser-Brunner 1949
G. Lampichthys Fraser-Brunner 1949
G. Notoscopelus Guenther 1864
+
Invalid names: Catablemella Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890 [synonym], Macrostoma Agassiz 1839 [synonym]
G. Scopelopsis Brauer 1906
Subfm. Lampanyctinae Paxton 1972
+
G. Ceratoscopelus Günther 1864
G. Gymnoscopelus Guenther 1873
+
Invalid names: Nasolynchnus Smith 1933 [synonym]
G. Lampadena Goode and Bean 1893
Tr. †Lampanictini Paxton 1972
Tr. Lampanyctini Paxton 1972
G. Lampanyctus Bonaparte 1840
+
Invalid names: Nyctimaster Jordan 1921 [synonym], Serpa Whitley 1933 [synonym], Serpe Cuvier and Valenciennes 1849 [synonym]
G. †Oligophus Gregorova 2004
G. Parvilux Hubbs and Wisner 1964
G. Stenobrachius Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1890
G. Taaningichthys Bolin 1959
G. Triphoturus Fraser-Brunner 1949
Invalid names: Diaphini [empty], Gymnoscopelini Paxton 1972 [empty]
G. Lepidophanes Fraser-Brunner 1949
+
†Lepidophanes brassoensis Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Lepidophanes inflectus Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
G. Lobianchia Gatt 1904
+
Lobianchia dofleini Zugmayer 1911 [Dofleini's lanternfish]
†Lobianchia dofleinoides Steurbaut 1984
+
Invalid names: Scopelus uraeoclampus Facciola 1884 [synonym]
†Lobianchia johnfitchi Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
G. †Myctophidarum Unknown
+
†Myctophidarum schnetleri Schwarzhans 2003
Subfm. Myctophinae Fowler 1925
+
G. †Antimyctophum Schwarzhans 2019
G. Centrobranchus Fowler 1904
G. Ctenoscopelus Fraser-Brunner 1949
G. Electrona Goode and Bean 1895
G. Gonichthys Gistel 1850
+
Invalid names: Alysia Lowe 1839 [synonym], Rhinoscopelus Lütken 1829 [synonym]
G. Hygophum Bolin 1939
G. Krefftichthys Hulley 1981
G. Loweina Fowler 1925
G. Metelectrona Wisner 1963
G. Protomyctophum Fraser-Brunner 1949
G. Symbolophorus Bolin and Wisner 1959
G. Tarletonbeania Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1891
Invalid names: Myctophini Fowler 1925 [empty]
G. Myctophum Rafinesque 1810
+
Subg. Myctophum (Myctophum) Rafinesque 1810
Subg. Myctophum (Nasolychnus) Smith 1933
Subg. Myctophum (Scopelus) Cuvier 1816
Myctophum affine Lütken 1892
+
Invalid names: Myctophum opalinum Goode and Bean 1895 [synonym], Rhinoscopelus oceanicus Jordan and Evermann 1903 [synonym]
†Myctophum americanum Frizzell and Dante 1965
†Myctophum antelaternatum Ciobanu 1977
†Myctophum arcanum Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Myctophum asperum Richardson 1845
+
Invalid names: Dasyscopelus naufragus Waite 1903 [synonym]
†Myctophum bortonensis Schwarzhans 2019
Myctophum braueri Gilbert 1905
†Myctophum columnae Sauvage 1873
†Myctophum danielli D'Erasmo 1929
†Myctophum degraciai Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Myctophum dorsale Sauvage 1870
Myctophum evermanni Gilbert 1905
Myctophum gilberti Everman and Seale 1907
Myctophum hollandi Jordan and Jordan 1932
†Myctophum jacksoni Aguilera and de Aguilera 2001
†Myctophum licatae Sauvage 1880
Myctophum longipes Brauer 1906
Myctophum luetkeni Gilbert 1905
†Myctophum mundulum Schwarzhans and Aguilera 2013
†Myctophum murbani Weinfurter 1952
Myctophum nitidulum Garman 1899
†Myctophum oroseinum Dieni 1968
†Myctophum praepterotum Ciobanu 1977
†Myctophum pulchrum Procharzky 1893
Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque 1810 [spotted lanternfish]
+
Invalid names: Scopelus caninianus Cuvier and Valenciennes 1828 [synonym], Scopelus heideri Steindachner 1881 [synonym], Scopelus mulleri Goode 1884 [synonym]
†Myctophum robustus Ciobanu 1977
†Myctophum selenops Taning 1928
Myctophum simile Taning 1928
Myctophum spinosum Steindachner 1867
†Myctophum splendidum Prochazka 1893 [horned lanternfish]
†Myctophum tamumuensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Myctophum tenellum Schwarzhans 2019
Myctophum tenisoni Norman 1930
Myctophum townsendi Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1889
†Myctophum unicum Schwarzhans 1978
†Myctophum weileri Ciobanu 1977
Scopelus (Myctophum) macrochir Günther 1864 [large-finned lanternfish]
Invalid names: Mychtophus Cocco 1838 [synonym], Myctophus Cocco 1829 [synonym]
+
G. Notolychnus Fraser-Brunner 1949
G. †Tachynectes von der Marck 1863
+
†Tachynectes brachypterygius von der Marck 1863
†Tachynectes longipes von der Marck 1863
†Tachynectes macrodactylus von der Marck 1863
†Tachynectes vinarensis Bayer 1902
Invalid names: Eomyctophinae Prokofiev 2006 [empty]
+
Subfm. †Neoscopelinae Parr 1928
+
G. †Beckerophotus Prokofiev 2001
G. Neoscopelus Johnson 1863
+
Neoscopelus brunni Whitley 1931
†Neoscopelus microchir Matsubara 1943
†Neoscopelus navicularis Lin et al. 2017
†Neoscopelus nuussuaqensis Schwarzhans 2004
Subfm. †Sardinioidinae
+
G. †Neocassandra Daniltshenko 1968
G. Scopelengys Alcock 1890
+
Scopelengys tristis Alcock 1890
+
Invalid names: Scopelengys dispar Garman 1899 [synonym], Scopelengys lugubris Garman 1899 [synonym]
G. Solivomer Miller 1947
+
Solivomer arenidens Miller 1947
Fm. †Sardinioididae Goody 1969
+
G. †Sardinioides von der Marck 1858
+
†Sardinioides attenuatus Woodward 1901
†Sardinioides crassicaudus von der Marck 1863
†Sardinioides macrophthalmus von der Marck 1868
†Sardinioides minimus Agassiz 1839
+
Invalid names: Osmeroides pontivagus Hay 1903 [synonym]
†Sardinioides monasterii Agassiz 1839
+
Invalid names: Osmeroides microcephalus Agassiz 1839 [synonym], Sardinioides macropterygius von der Marck 1885 [synonym], Sardinioides minutus von der Marck 1885 [synonym], Sardinioides tenuicaudus von der Marck 1863 [synonym]
†Sardinioides pusillus Woodward 1901
Invalid names: Cassandra White and Moy-Thomas 1940 [synonym], Leptosomus von der Marck 1863 [synonym]
G. †Sardinius von der Marck 1858
+
†Sardinius blackburnii Cope 1891
†Sardinius cordieri Agassiz 1839
†Sardinius lineatus Cope 1878
†Sardinius nasutulus Cope 1878
†Sardinius percrassus Cope 1878
†Sardinius robustus von der Marck 1868
Invalid names: Synodontoidei [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available