PBDB Taxon

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Craniata

Discussion

This is a class of "inarticulate" brachiopods that is unfortunately a homonym with the chordate group Craniata.

Taxonomy

Craniata was named by Williams et al. (1996). It is extant.

It was assigned to Craniiformea by Williams et al. (1996), Carlson (2001), Skovsted (2006), Emig et al. (2013).

Subtaxa

Craniida, Craniopsida, Melbournopterus, Patella ottomana

Synonyms

Patella ottomana was named by Kittl (1903). It is not extant. Its type locality is Prača, which is in an Asbian marine horizon in the Kulmschiefer Formation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wanner (1942).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1903	Patella ottomana Kittl
1922	Patella ottomana Wanner
1996	Craniata Williams et al. p. 1192
2001	Craniata Carlson p. 1111
2006	Craniata Skovsted p. 1093
2013	Craniata Emig et al. p. 76

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa

Rank	Name	Author
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Craniiformea	Popov et al. 1993
class	Craniata
class	Craniata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Craniata Williams et al. 1996

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Or. Craniida Waagen 1885

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Superfm. †Cranioidea Menke 1828

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Fm. †Craniidae Menke 1828

G. †Acanthocrania Williams 1943

†Acanthocrania alta Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania conferta Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania cracentis Wright 1963

†Acanthocrania densispina Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania elusa Cocks 2014

†Acanthocrania intermedia Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania magna Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania minutispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania nordtimanica Kalashnikov 1993

†Acanthocrania platys Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania regularis Cooper and Grant 1974

†Acanthocrania setigera Hall 1866

†Acanthocrania spiculata Rowley 1908

†Acanthocrania vasta Cooper and Grant 1974

G. †Ancistrocrania Dall 1877

†Ancistrocrania abnormis Defrance and Hoeninghaus 1828

Invalid names: Crania rugosa Seguenza 1866 [synonym]

G. †Celidocrania Zhu and Xue 1985

G. †Conocrania Smirnova 1996

†Conocrania spinacostata Smirnova 1972

G. Crania Retzius 1781

Subg. †Crania (Lissocrania) Williams 1943

Crania altivertes Zezina 1990

†Crania anticostiana Twenhofel 1928

†Crania antiqua Defrance 1818

†Crania austriaca Traub 1938

†Crania badensis Michalik and Zagorsek 1986

Crania californica Berry 1921

†Crania calymene Klipstein 1843

†Crania chesterensis Miller and Gurley 1897

†Crania columbiana Walcott 1889

†Crania craniolaris Linnaeus 1758

Crania hawaiiensis Dall 1920

Crania huttoni Thomson 1916

Crania indonesiensis Zezina 1981

†Crania kirkbyi Davidson 1858

†Crania laevis Keyes 1894

Crania lamellosa Seguenza 1865

†Crania missouriensis Weller 1909

Crania patagonica Dall 1902

†Crania permica Kalashnikov 1993

Crania philippinensis Dall 1920

Crania pourtalesi Dall 1871

†Crania proavia Goldfuss 1840

†Crania reposita White 1862

Crania roseradiata Jackson 1952

Crania rostrata Hoeninghaus 1828

†Crania starhembergensis Zugmayer 1882

†Crania subrostrata Boettger 1901

Crania suessi Reeve 1862

†Crania trigonalis M'Coy 1844

Crania valdiviae Helmcke 1940

G. †Craniscus Dall 1871

†Craniscus hesperius Cooper 1955

†Craniscus izyumensis Smirnova 1996

Craniscus japonicus Adams 1863

G. †Danocrania Rosenkrantz 1964

G. †Deliella Halamski 2004

G. †Isocrania Jaekel 1902

†Isocrania campaniensis Ernst 1984

†Isocrania costata Sowerby 1823

†Isocrania phosphatica Simon 1998

†Isocrania praecostata Ernst 1984

G. †Lepidocrania Cooper and Grant 1974

†Lepidocrania sparsispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974

†Lepidocrania sublamellosa Cooper and Grant 1974

†Lepidocrania tardispinosa Cooper and Grant 1974

G. †Mesocrania Smirnova 1997

G. †Nematocrania Grant 1976

†Nematocrania crassa Grant 1976

G. Neocrania Lee and Brunton 2001

Neocrania anomala Muller 1776

Novocrania anomala Muller 1776

†Novocrania bayaniana Davidson 1870

Novocrania kermes Costa and Humphrey 1770

Novocrania lecointei Joubin 1901

Novocrania turbinata Poli 1795

Invalid names: Orbicula d'Archiac 1843 [replaced]

G. †Orthisocrania Rowell 1963

G. †Petrocrania Raymond 1910

†Petrocrania diabloensis Cooper and Grant 1974

†Petrocrania dodgei Rowley 1908

†Petrocrania dubia Williams 1974

†Petrocrania exasperata Cooper and Grant 1974

†Petrocrania famelica Hall and Whitfield 1872

†Petrocrania hamiltoniae Hall 1867

Invalid names: Craniella hamiltonae Hall 1867 [objective synonym]

†Petrocrania meduanensis Oehlert 1888

†Petrocrania modesta White and St. John 1867

†Petrocrania mullochensis Reed 1917

†Petrocrania ourayensi Kindle 1909

†Petrocrania prona Raymond 1906

†Petrocrania quadrata McCoy 1844

†Petrocrania reversa Sardeson 1896

†Petrocrania scabiosa Hall 1866

†Petrocrania septifera Cooper and Grant 1974

†Petrocrania teretis Cooper and Grant 1974

Invalid names: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 [synonym]

G. †Philhedra Koken 1889

†Philhedra acutilirata Talent 1963

†Philhedra athenae Whittard and Barker 1950

†Philhedra baltica Koken 1889

†Philhedra crenistriata Hall 1860

†Philhedra cribrum Temple 1958

†Philhedra grayii Davidson 1866

†Philhedra laelia Hall 1866

†Philhedra megalophthalma Temple 1968

†Philhedra pauciradiata Benedetto 2015

†Philhedra playfairi Reed 1917

†Philhedra pulchelloides Chapman 1913

†Philhedra rowleyi Gurley 1883

Invalid names: Crania blairi Miller 1892 [synonym]

†Philhedra stawyensis Temple 1965

G. †Pseudocrania M'Coy 1851

G. †Venetocrania Bitner and Dieni 2005

†Venetocrania euganea Bitner and Dieni 2005

G. †Westralicrania Cockbain 1967

†Westralicrania allani Cockbain 1967

†Westralicrania zenobiae Craig 1997

G. †Xenocrania Chen and Rong 2019

†Xenocrania haimei Reed 1915

Invalid names: Craniacea Menke 1828 [empty]

Or. Craniopsida Gorjansky and Popov 1985

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Superfm. †Craniopsioidea Williams 1963

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Fm. †Craniopsidae Williams 1963

G. †Craniops Hall 1859

†Craniops hamiltoniae Hall 1867

†Craniops popovi Cocks 2019

†Craniops pristina Popov and Cocks 2014

†Craniops subtruncata Hall 1847

Invalid names: Pholidops Hall 1859 [synonym]

G. †Discinopsis Hall and Clarke 1892

G. †Lingulapholis Schuchert 1913

Lingulapholis terminalis Hall 1859

G. †Paracraniops Williams 1963

†Paracraniops ellipticus Goriansky 1972

†Paracraniops pararius Williams 1962

†Paracraniops patillis Rong 1979

G. †Pseudopholidops

†Pseudopholidops anteglacialis Mergl 2012

Invalid names: Sanxiaella [synonym]

G. †Wrightiops Popov and Cocks 2014

†Wrightiops nikitini Goriansky 1972

Invalid names: Craniopsoidea Williams 1963 [empty]

G. †Melbournopterus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953

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†Melbournopterus crossotus Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering 1953

Invalid names: Patella ottomana Kittl 1903 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
A. Williams et al. 1996	Brachiopods with calcitic, laminar (tabular) inarticulated shells; valves developed discretely without mantle reversal; larvae lecithotrophic without shell; posterior body wall complete, pedicle not developed, ventral valve attached by larval epithelium; muscle system with a single pair of internal obliques and with paired outside lateral muscles attached anteriorly to the body wall; alimentary tract more or less axial with anus; lophophore initially with median tentacle lost during growth, tentacles in double row in posttrocholophous growth stages only; paired ganglia developed; mantle canal systems without interiomedial vascula terminalia, normally pinnate, containing gonads.