Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Troodontidae
Taxonomy
Troodontidae was named by Gilmore (1924). It was considered monophyletic by Zheng et al. (2009).
It was synonymized subjectively with Pachycephalosauridae by Romer (1956), Romer (1966) and Maryańska and Osmólska (1974).
It was assigned to Iguanodontoidae by Hay (1930); to Ornithopoda by Lull (1924), Russell (1930), Roxo (1937) and Brown and Schlaikjer (1943); to Orthopoda by Gilmore (1924) and Bohlin (1953); to Megalosauroidea by Kuhn (1966); to Protoavia by Paul (1988); to Oviraptorosauria by Russell and Dong (1994); to Bullatosauria by Holtz (1994), Nessov (1995), Holtz and Padian (1995) and Hutchinson and Padian (1997); to Coelurosauria by Currie (1995) and Zinke (1998); to Theropoda by Eberth et al. (2001); to Theropoda by Russell (1948) and Peng et al. (2001); to Saurischia by Pearson et al. (2002) and Sankey et al. (2002); to Arctometatarsalia by Holtz (1995), Holtz (1998) and Senter et al. (2004); to Theropoda by Coulton (1976) and Chure et al. (2006); to Eumaniraptora by Godefroit et al. (2013); to Coelurosauria by Williamson and Brusatte (2014); to Maniraptoriformes by Hendrickx and Mateus (2014); to Paraves by Holtz (2000), Zanno et al. (2011) and O'Connor and Sullivan (2014); to Maniraptora by Benton (1990), Osmolska (1990), Chatterjee (1993), Currie (1997), Makovicky and Norell (2004), Xu et al. (2011), Xu et al. (2012), Pei et al. (2017), Shen et al. (2017), Xu et al. (2017), van der Reest and Currie (2017) and Shen et al. (2017); and to Deinonychosauria by Gauthier (1986), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Rauhut (2003), Zheng et al. (2009), Gianechini et al. (2017) and Hartman et al. (2019).
It was synonymized subjectively with Pachycephalosauridae by Romer (1956), Romer (1966) and Maryańska and Osmólska (1974).
It was assigned to Iguanodontoidae by Hay (1930); to Ornithopoda by Lull (1924), Russell (1930), Roxo (1937) and Brown and Schlaikjer (1943); to Orthopoda by Gilmore (1924) and Bohlin (1953); to Megalosauroidea by Kuhn (1966); to Protoavia by Paul (1988); to Oviraptorosauria by Russell and Dong (1994); to Bullatosauria by Holtz (1994), Nessov (1995), Holtz and Padian (1995) and Hutchinson and Padian (1997); to Coelurosauria by Currie (1995) and Zinke (1998); to Theropoda by Eberth et al. (2001); to Theropoda by Russell (1948) and Peng et al. (2001); to Saurischia by Pearson et al. (2002) and Sankey et al. (2002); to Arctometatarsalia by Holtz (1995), Holtz (1998) and Senter et al. (2004); to Theropoda by Coulton (1976) and Chure et al. (2006); to Eumaniraptora by Godefroit et al. (2013); to Coelurosauria by Williamson and Brusatte (2014); to Maniraptoriformes by Hendrickx and Mateus (2014); to Paraves by Holtz (2000), Zanno et al. (2011) and O'Connor and Sullivan (2014); to Maniraptora by Benton (1990), Osmolska (1990), Chatterjee (1993), Currie (1997), Makovicky and Norell (2004), Xu et al. (2011), Xu et al. (2012), Pei et al. (2017), Shen et al. (2017), Xu et al. (2017), van der Reest and Currie (2017) and Shen et al. (2017); and to Deinonychosauria by Gauthier (1986), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Rauhut (2003), Zheng et al. (2009), Gianechini et al. (2017) and Hartman et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Albertavenator, Almas, Anchiornis, Archaeornithoides, Bradycneme, Daliansaurus, Geminiraptor, Gobivenator, Heptasteornis, Hesperornithoides, Jinfengopteryginae, Koparion, Laelaps cristatus, Laelaps laevifrons, Papiliovenator, Pectinodon, Polyodontosaurus grandis, Saurornitholestes robustus, Sinovenatorinae, Sinusonasus, Tochisaurus, Troodontinae, Xixiasaurus
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1876 | Laelaps cristatus Cope p. 344 |
1876 | Laelaps laevifrons Cope p. 344 |
1877 | Laelaps cristatus Cope p. 572 |
1877 | Laelaps laevifrons Cope p. 572 |
1902 | Dryptosaurus cristatus Hay p. 488 |
1902 | Dryptosaurus laevifrons Hay p. 488 |
1922 | Dromaeosaurus cristatus Matthew and Brown p. 376 |
1922 | Dromaeosaurus laevifrons Matthew and Brown p. 376 |
1924 | Troodontidae Gilmore pp. 7-8 |
1924 | Troodontidae Lull p. 238 |
1927 | Dromaeosaurus cristatus Huene p. 260 |
1927 | Dromaeosaurus laevifrons Huene p. 260 |
1930 | Dromaeosaurus cristatus Hay p. 180 |
1930 | Dromaeosaurus laevifrons Hay p. 181 |
1930 | Troodontidae Hay p. 207 |
1930 | Dromaeosaurus laevifrons Russell p. 142 |
1930 | Troodontidae Russell p. 142 |
1932 | Polyodontosaurus grandis Gilmore p. 117 |
1937 | Troodontidae Roxo p. 65 |
1939 | Dromaeosaurus cristatus Kuhn p. 49 |
1939 | Dromaeosaurus laevifrons Kuhn p. 50 |
1943 | Troodontidae Brown and Schlaikjer p. 126 |
1948 | Troodontidae Russell p. 629 |
1951 | Polyodontosaurus grandis Sternberg p. 257 |
1953 | Troodontidae Bohlin p. 32 |
1965 | Dromaeosaurus cristatus Ostrom p. 39 |
1966 | Troodontidae Kuhn p. 96 |
1970 | Dryptosaurus cristatus Steel p. 31 |
1970 | Dryptosaurus laevifrons Steel p. 31 |
1970 | Polyodontosaurus grandis Steel p. 44 |
1974 | Saurornithoididae Barsbold p. 7 |
1975 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Harrison and Walker pp. 399-400 figs. Pl. 65:6-7; Pl. 66:1-7 |
1975 | Bradycneme Harrison and Walker pp. 564-565 |
1975 | Bradycneme draculae Harrison and Walker p. 565 figs. Pl. 65:1-5 |
1975 | Heptasteornis Harrison and Walker p. 566 figs. Pl. 65:6-7; Pl. 66:1-7 |
1975 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Harrison and Walker p. 566 figs. Pl. 65:6-7; Pl. 66:1-7 |
1976 | Saurornithoididae Barsbold p. 74 |
1976 | Troodontidae Coulton p. 177 |
1977 | Saurornithoididae Barsbold p. 50 |
1977 | Saurornithoididae Rozhdestvensky p. 112 |
1978 | Bradycneme Brodkorb p. 223 |
1978 | Bradycneme draculae Brodkorb p. 223 |
1978 | Heptasteornis Brodkorb p. 224 |
1978 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Brodkorb p. 224 |
1983 | Saurornithoididae Barsbold p. 86 |
1984 | Saurornithoididae Russell p. 28 |
1984 | Saurornithoididae Thulborn p. 132 |
1985 | Saurornithoididae Gauthier and Padian p. 190 |
1986 | Bradycneme Buffetaut et al. p. 1395 |
1986 | Bradycneme draculae Buffetaut et al. p. 1395 |
1986 | Heptasteornis Buffetaut et al. p. 1395 |
1986 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Buffetaut et al. p. 1395 |
1986 | Saurornithoididae Buffetaut et al. p. 1395 |
1986 | Troodontidae Gauthier p. 11 |
1988 | Bradycneme Carroll |
1988 | Heptasteornis Carroll |
1988 | Saurornithoididae Carroll |
1988 | Troodontidae Paul p. 394 |
1988 | Troodon andrewsi Paul pp. 399-400 |
1988 | Bradycneme Paul p. 400 |
1988 | Bradycneme draculae Paul p. 400 |
1990 | Troodontidae Benton p. 19 |
1990 | Troodontidae Osmolska p. 150 |
1991 | Bradycneme Weishampel et al. p. 209 |
1991 | Bradycneme draculae Weishampel et al. p. 209 |
1991 | Heptasteornis Weishampel et al. p. 209 |
1991 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Weishampel et al. p. 209 |
1992 | Saurornithoididae Dong p. 164 |
1993 | Troodontidae Chatterjee p. 283 |
1994 | Koparion Chure p. 11 |
1994 | Koparion douglassi Chure p. 11 figs. Pl. 1 |
1994 | Troodontidae Holtz |
1994 | Troodontidae Russell and Dong p. 2125 |
1995 | Troodontidae Currie p. 25A |
1995 | Troodontidae Holtz, Jr. p. 35A |
1995 | Troodontidae Holtz, Jr. and Padian p. 35A |
1995 | Troodontidae Nessov p. 41 |
1997 | Troodontidae Currie p. 733 |
1997 | Troodontidae Hutchinson and Padian p. 130 |
1997 | Troodontidae Sereno p. 444 |
1997 | Bradycneme Varricchio p. 750 |
1997 | Bradycneme draculae Varricchio p. 750 |
1997 | Heptasteornis Varricchio p. 750 |
1997 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Varricchio p. 750 |
1997 | Koparion Varricchio p. 750 |
1997 | Koparion douglassi Varricchio p. 750 |
1998 | Troodontidae Holtz, Jr. p. 40 |
1998 | Troodontidae Sereno p. 65 |
1998 | Troodontidae Zinke p. 184 |
1999 | Troodontidae Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2 |
2000 | Koparion douglassi Chure p. 2 |
2000 | Troodontidae Holtz, Jr. p. 13 fig. 5 |
2000 | Troodon cristatus Olshevsky p. 97 |
2001 | Troodontidae Eberth et al. p. 56 |
2001 | Troodontidae Peng et al. p. 37 |
2002 | Troodontidae Pearson et al. p. 154 |
2002 | Troodontidae Sankey et al. p. 755 |
2003 | Bradycneme draculae Grigorescu p. 100 |
2003 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Grigorescu p. 100 |
2003 | Troodontidae Rauhut p. 159 |
2004 | Troodontidae Makovicky and Norell p. 185 |
2004 | Troodontidae Senter et al. p. 2 fig. 2 |
2005 | Koparion douglassi Carpenter et al. pp. 24-26 |
2005 | Bradycneme draculae Grigorescu p. 204 |
2005 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Grigorescu p. 204 |
2006 | Koparion Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Koparion douglassi Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Troodontidae Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Bradycneme draculae Dalla Vecchia p. 13 |
2006 | Heptasteornis andrewsi Dalla Vecchia p. 13 |
2006 | Koparion douglassi Hunt and Lucas p. 117 |
2006 | Koparion douglassi Mateus p. 231 |
2006 | Saurornitholestes robustus Sullivan p. 253 figs. 1-3 |
2009 | Troodontidae Zheng et al. |
2011 | Troodontidae Xu et al. p. 2 |
2011 | Troodontidae Zanno et al. p. 3 |
2012 | Koparion douglassi Tweet et al. p. 321 |
2012 | Troodontidae Xu et al. p. 141 |
2013 | Troodontidae Godefroit et al. |
2014 | Troodontidae Hendrickx and Mateus |
2014 | Troodontidae O'Connor and Sullivan |
2014 | Troodontidae Williamson and Brusatte p. 12 |
2015 | Saurornitholestes robustus Jasinski p. 79 |
2017 | Troodontidae Gianechini et al. p. 12 fig. 8 |
2017 | Troodontidae Pei et al. |
2017 | Troodontidae Shen et al. |
2017 | Troodontidae Shen et al. |
2017 | Troodontidae Xu et al. |
2017 | Troodontidae van der Reest and Currie |
2018 | Koparion douglassi Tweet and Santucci p. 713 |
2019 | Troodontidae Hartman et al. |
2021 | Bradycneme draculae Sellés et al. p. 8 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Troodontidae Gilmore 1924
show all | hide all
G. †Archaeornithoides Elzanowski and Wellnhofer 1992
+
†Archaeornithoides deinosauriscus Elzanowski and Wellnhofer 1992
Subfm. †Jinfengopteryginae Turner et al. 2012
+
G. †Pectinodon Carpenter 1982
+
†Pectinodon bakkeri Carpenter 1982
Invalid names: Pectinodon asiamericanus Nessov 1985 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Sinovenatorinae Shen et al. 2017
+
Subfm. †Troodontinae van der Reest and Currie 2017
+
G. †Latenivenatrix van der Reest and Currie 2017
+
†Latenivenatrix mcmasterae van der Reest and Currie 2017
G. †Troodon Leidy 1856
+
†Troodon formosus Leidy 1856
Invalid names: Polyodontosaurus Gilmore 1932 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bradycneme Harrison and Walker 1975 [nomen dubium], Heptasteornis Harrison and Walker 1975 [nomen dubium], Koparion Chure 1994 [nomen dubium], Laelaps cristatus Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Laelaps laevifrons Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Polyodontosaurus grandis Gilmore 1932 [nomen dubium], Saurornithoididae Barsbold 1974 [synonym], Saurornitholestes robustus Sullivan 2006 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
R. S. Lull 1924 | Aberrant Orthopoda with prernaxillary teeth, dome-like, thickened skull, and abdominal ribs. | |
B. Brown and E. M. Schlaikjer 1943 | Small bipedal dinosaurs. Skull with moderate thickening of frontoparietal area. Node-like ornamentations of the skull weakly developed. Supratemporal openings usually nearly closed; ocassionally completely closed on one side. Face short and deep. Premaxillaries with teeth. |