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Sapindaceae (soapberry)

Angiospermae - Sapindales - Sapindaceae

Taxonomy

Sapindaceae was named by de Jussieu (1789). It is extant.

It was assigned to Dicotyledones by Chandler (1961), Chandler (1978); to Malvales by Taylor et al. (2008); and to Sapindales by Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), McIver and Basinger (1993), Mabberley (2000), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).

Synonyms

Xanthocerataceae was named by Buerki et al.

It was synonymized subjectively with Sapindaceae by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
Aceraceae was named by de Jussieu.

It was synonymized subjectively with Sapindaceae by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).

It was assigned to Dicotyledoneae by Ozaki (1974); and to Sapindales by Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), Hickey (1977), Mabberley (2000), Kim (2008), Jin (2009).
Hippocastanaceae was named by Richard.

It was synonymized subjectively with Sapindaceae by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).

It was assigned to Sapindales by Knowlton (1919), Mabberley (2000).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1789	Sapindaceae de Jussieu
1919	Aceraceae Knowlton
1919	Hippocastanaceae Knowlton
1919	Sapindaceae Knowlton
1941	Aceraceae MacGinitie
1941	Sapindaceae MacGinitie
1961	Sapindaceae Chandler p. 233
1974	Aceraceae Ozaki
1977	Aceraceae Hickey
1978	Sapindaceae Chandler p. 25
1993	Sapindaceae McIver and Basinger
2000	Aceraceae Mabberley
2000	Hippocastanaceae Mabberley
2000	Sapindaceae Mabberley
2008	Aceraceae Kim
2008	Sapindaceae Taylor et al. p. 1030
2009	Aceraceae Jin
2016	Sapindaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group pp. 6-7, 18

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Plantae
phylum	Spermatophyta
class	Angiospermae
—	Rosids
—	Eurosids

Rank	Name	Author
—	Malvids
order	Sapindales
family	Sapindaceae	de Jussieu 1789
family	Sapindaceae	de Jussieu 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Sapindaceae de Jussieu 1789 [soapberry]

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G. Alectryon Gaertner 1788

G. Allophylus Linnaeus 1753

Allophylus zeylanicus Linnaeus 1753

G. Arytera Blume 1849

†Arytera seriaensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2008

G. Athyana Grisebach 1879

G. †Bohlenia Wolfe and Wehr 1987

†Bohlenia americana Brown 1935

†Bohlenia insignis Lesquereux 1874

Invalid names: Myrica alkalina Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]

G. Cardiospermum Linnaeus 1753

G. Cupania Linnaeus 1753

Cupania americana Linnaeus 1753

†Cupania grosseserrata Engelhardt 1891

†Cupania miocenica Prasad et al. 2004

†Cupania oregona Chaney and Sanborn 1933

G. †Cupanieidites Cookson and Pike 1954

†Cupanieidites acuminatus Boltenhagen 1967

†Cupanieidites othoteichus Cookson and Pike 1954

†Cupanieidites reticularis Cookson and Pike 1954

G. †Cupanites Schimper 1874

†Cupanites eoligniticus Berry 1916

†Cupanites loughridgii Berry 1916

†Cupanites miocenicus Ettingshausen 1851

†Cupanites nigricans Berry 1918

G. Diatenopteryx Radlkofer 1878

G. †Djambioxylon Kraeusel 1922

†Djambioxylon sumatrense Kraeusel 1922

G. Dodonaea Miller 1758

†Dodonaea californica Axelrod 1939

†Dodonaea knowltoni Berry 1916

Dodonaea viscosa von Jacquin 1760

†Dodonaea viscosoides Berry 1914

†Dodonaea wilcoxiana Berry 1916

G. †Dodonaeites Saporta 1865

†Dodonaeites decaisnei Saporta 1865

G. Doratoxylon Thouars 1862

G. Erioglossum Blume 1825

G. Euphorea Commons

†Euphorea longanoides Antal and Awasthi 1993

†Euphorea nepalensis Prasad 1994

†Euphorea siwalica Prasad 1994

G. †Euphoriaecarpum Menzel 1913

†Euphoriaecarpum litchiforme Menzel 1913

G. †Euphoriopsis Massalongo 1852

†Euphoriopsis phaetontis Massalongo 1852

G. †Euphorioxylon Awasthi et al. 1982

†Euphorioxylon deccanense Mehrotra 1987

†Euphorioxylon indicum Awasthi et al. 1982

G. Filicium Thwaites 1862

†Filicium koilabasensis Prasad 1994

G. †Fraasia Unger 1850

†Fraasia sapindoides Unger 1850

G. Ganophyllum Blume 1850

G. Harpullia Roxburgh 1824 [tulipwood]

†Harpullia siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996

G. Heterodendrum Desfontaines 1818

G. Hypelate Browne 1758

G. †Klaassenoxylon Wheeler et al. 2023

†Klaassenoxylon wilkinsonii Wheeler et al. 2023

G. Koelreuteria Laxmann 1772 [golden rain tree]

†Koelreuteria annosa Brown 1956

Koelreuteria bipinnata Franchet 1886

†Koelreuteria dilcheri Wang et al. 2013

G. Lepisanthes Blume 1825

†Lepisanthes miocenica Prasad et al. 2017

†Lepisanthes tanakpurensis Prasad et al. 2017

G. Nephelium Linnaeus 1767

†Nephelium palaeoglabrum Prasad et al. 1997

G. Omalocarpus Choux 1926

G. Otophora Blume 1849

†Otophora miocenica Prasad 1994

G. †Palaealectryon Reid and Chandler 1933

†Palaealectryon spirale Reid and Chander 1933

G. †Palaeallophyllus Reid and Chandler 1933

†Palaeallophyllus minimus Chandler 1961

†Palaeallophyllus ovoideus Reid and Chandler 1933

†Palaeallophyllus rotundatus Reid and Chandler 1933

G. Paranephelium Miquel 1861

†Paranephelium seriaensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2008

G. †Pometioxylon Prakash and Tripathi 1970

†Pometioxylon tomentosum Prakash and Tripathi 1970

G. †Sapindaceaepites Biswas 1962

†Sapindaceaepites dubia Biswas 1962

G. †Sapindiphyllum Nathorst 1888

†Sapindiphyllum dubium Nathorst 1888

G. †Sapindoidea Kirchheimer 1936

†Sapindoidea margaritifera Ludwig 1936

G. †Sapindoides Perkins 1904

†Sapindoides americanus Lesquereux 1861

†Sapindoides cylindricus Perkins 1904

†Sapindoides medius Perkins 1904

†Sapindoides minimus Perkins 1904

†Sapindoides parva Perkins 1904

†Sapindoides peruvianus Berry 1927

†Sapindoides urceolatus Perkins 1906

†Sapindoides varius Perkins 1904

†Sapindoides vermontanus Perkins 1904

G. †Sapindophyllum Ettingshausen 1869

†Sapindophyllum spinulosodentatum Ettingshausen 1869

G. †Sapindopsis Fontaine 1889

†Sapindopsis anhouryi Dilcher and Basson 1990

†Sapindopsis brevifolia Fontaine 1889

†Sapindopsis magnifolia Fontaine 1889

Invalid names: Aralia fontainei Knowlton 1898 [synonym], Ficophyllum eucalyptoides Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sapindopsis obtusifolia Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sapindopsis tenuinervis Fontaine 1889 [synonym]

†Sapindopsis minutifolia Upchurch et al. 1994

†Sapindopsis variabilis Fontaine 1889

Invalid names: Eucalyptus rosieriana Ward 1905 [synonym], Sapindopsis parvifolia Fontaine 1889 [synonym]

G. †Sapindopsoxylon Pfeiffer and Heurn 1928

†Sapindopsoxylon klitzingi Pfeiffer and Heurn 1928

G. †Sapindospermum Reid and Chandler 1933

†Sapindospermum cooperi Chandler 1961

†Sapindospermum davisi Chandler 1961

†Sapindospermum jenkinsi Reid and Chandler 1933

†Sapindospermum ovoideum Reid and Chandler 1933

†Sapindospermum revolutum Chandler 1961

†Sapindospermum taylori Chandler 1978

G. †Sapindoxylon Kräusel 1922

†Sapindoxylon almelai Koeniguer 1967

†Sapindoxylon burmense Licht et al. 2014

†Sapindoxylon chhindwarensis Chitaley and Shallom 1969

†Sapindoxylon janssonii Kraeusel 1922

†Sapindoxylon schleicheroides Dayal 1965

G. Sapindus Linnaeus 1753 [soapnut]

Sapindus alatus Salisbury 1776

†Sapindus angustifolius Lesquereux 1873

†Sapindus apiculatus Velenovsky 1884

†Sapindus bentonensis Berry 1916

†Sapindus caudatus Lesquereux 1872

†Sapindus coloradensis Cockerell 1908

†Sapindus coushatta Berry 1916

†Sapindus dentoni Lesquereux 1875

†Sapindus diversifolius Lesquereux 1891

†Sapindus eoligniticus Berry 1916

†Sapindus eotrifoliatus Prasad et al. 2017

†Sapindus formosus Berry 1916

†Sapindus georgiana Berry 1914

†Sapindus glendivensis Knowlton 1919

Invalid names: Sapindus alatus Ward 1885 [replaced]

†Sapindus grandifolioloides Knowlton 1899

†Sapindus grandifoliolus Ward 1885

†Sapindus imperfectus Hollick 1904

†Sapindus inexpectans Knowlton 1905

†Sapindus inflexus Lesquereux 1883

†Sapindus knowltoni Berry 1916

†Sapindus lancifolius Lesquereux 1883

†Sapindus leonis Cockerell 1908

†Sapindus linearifolius Berry 1916

†Sapindus marylandicus Hollick 1906

†Sapindus membranaceus Newberry 1868

†Sapindus merriami Knowlton 1902

†Sapindus mississippiensis Berry 1916

†Sapindus morrisoni Lesquereux 1883

†Sapindus obtusifolius Lesquereux 1873

†Sapindus oklahomensis Berry 1918

†Sapindus oregonianus Knowlton 1902

†Sapindus oxfordensis Berry 1916

†Sapindus pseudaffinis Berry 1916

†Sapindus rocklandensis Knowlton 1918

†Sapindus stellariaefolius Lesquereux 1878

†Sapindus variabilis Berry 1919

†Sapindus wardii Knowlton 1899

G. Schleichera Willdenow

G. †Schleicheroxylon Awasthi et al. 1982

†Schleicheroxylon kachchhensis Awasthi et al. 1982

G. †Striasyncolpites Mildenhall and Pocknall

†Striasyncolpites laxus Mildenhall and Pocknall 1989

G. †Thouinopsis MacGinitie 1941

†Thouinopsis myricaefolia Lesquereux 1878

G. Tripterodendron Radlkofer 1890

G. Xerospermum Blume 1849

†Xerospermum mioglabratum Prasad and Pandey 2008

Invalid names: Aceraceae de Jussieu [synonym], Hippocastanaceae Richard [synonym], Xanthocerataceae Buerki et al [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016	Alteration of family limits for Sapindaceae (Sapindales) was proposed by Buerki et al. (2010) to preserve the long-recognized temperate families, Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae. To accomplish this required recognition of a new family, Xanthocerataceae, which Buerki et al. (2010) published as Xanthoceraceae. Relationships in Sapindaceae have been known since Harrington et al. (2005) and, given our statement of philosophy (above), we do not alter circumscription of Sapindaceae because no new phylogenetic information has become available that addresses this issue of altered family limits. Contrary to the viewpoint of Buerki et al. (2010), Sapindaceae s.l. are easily diagnosed morphologically (Judd et al., 2016).