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Orthidae
Taxonomy
Orthidae was named by Woodward (1852).
It was assigned to Articulata by Huxley (1869); to Protremata by Raymond (1911); to Orthacea by Phleger (1933), Alikhova (1953), Oraspold (1956), Oraspold (1959), Rubel (1961), Wright (1964), Neuman (1964), Neuman and Bruton (1974), Mitchell (1977), Owen and Harper (1982), Bruton et al. (1984), Potter (1990) and Jaanusson and Bassett (1993); to Orthida by Egerquist (2003); and to Orthoidea by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Popov et al. (2009), Hansen and Holmer (2011), Hints (2014) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Articulata by Huxley (1869); to Protremata by Raymond (1911); to Orthacea by Phleger (1933), Alikhova (1953), Oraspold (1956), Oraspold (1959), Rubel (1961), Wright (1964), Neuman (1964), Neuman and Bruton (1974), Mitchell (1977), Owen and Harper (1982), Bruton et al. (1984), Potter (1990) and Jaanusson and Bassett (1993); to Orthida by Egerquist (2003); and to Orthoidea by Williams et al. (2000), Benedetto (2003), Popov et al. (2009), Hansen and Holmer (2011), Hints (2014) and Liljeroth et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Almadenorthis, Bastamorthis, Boreadorthis, Diochthofera, Duolobella, Gutiorthis, Lenorthis, Leoniorthis, Orthambonites, Orthinae, Orthis, Orthostrophella, Orthostrophia, Palaeowingella, Paralenorthis, Rogorthis, Sinorthis (syn. Yichangorthis), Sulcatorthis, Sulevorthis, Suriorthis, Taphrorthis, Trondorthis (syn. Ocorthis)
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1852 | Orthidae Woodward |
1869 | Orthidae Huxley p. 116 |
1911 | Orthidae Raymond |
1933 | Orthidae Phleger, Jr. p. 7 |
1953 | Orthidae Alikhova |
1956 | Orthidae Oraspold |
1959 | Orthidae Oraspold |
1961 | Orthidae Rubel |
1964 | Orthidae Neuman |
1964 | Orthidae Wright |
1974 | Orthidae Neuman and Bruton |
1977 | Orthidae Mitchell |
1982 | Orthidae Owen and Harper |
1984 | Orthidae Bruton et al. |
1990 | Orthidae Potter |
1993 | Orthidae Jaanusson and Bassett |
2000 | Orthidae Williams et al. p. 724 |
2003 | Orthidae Benedetto |
2003 | Orthidae Egerquist p. 35 |
2009 | Orthidae Popov et al. |
2011 | Orthidae Hansen and Holmer |
2014 | Orthidae Hints |
2017 | Orthidae Liljeroth et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Orthidae Woodward 1852
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G. †Boreadorthis Opik 1934
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†Boreadorthis crassa Opik 1934
†Boreadorthis recula Opik 1934
†Boreadorthis recula aequivalvata Opik 1934
†Boreadorthis sadewitzensis Roemer 1861
†Boreadorthis sadewitziensis Roemer 1861
†Boreadorthis sheehani Cocks 2014
G. †Lenorthis Andreeva 1955
G. †Orthambonites Pander 1830
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†Orthambonites acutiplicatus Raymond 1905
†Orthambonites aequalis Pander 1830
†Orthambonites angulatus Cooper 1956
†Orthambonites ardmillanensis Reed 1917
†Orthambonites calligramme Dalman 1828
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Invalid names: Orthambonites lata Pander 1830 [synonym], Orthambonites rotunda Pander 1830 [synonym]
†Orthambonites decipiens Phleger, Jr. 1933
†Orthambonites dinorthoides Cooper 1956
†Orthambonites exfoliata Raymond 1905
†Orthambonites exopunctata Williams 1974
†Orthambonites fundata Rubel 1961
†Orthambonites inaequalis Rubel 1961
†Orthambonites kreklingensis Opik 1939
†Orthambonites majuscula Rubel 1961
†Orthambonites majusculus Rubel 1961
†Orthambonites novitas Opik 1939
†Orthambonites paucicostatus Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Orthambonites proava Salter 1865
†Orthambonites transversa Dall 1877
†Orthambonites tuvensis Andreeva 1982
Subfm. †Orthinae Woodward 1852
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G. †Sivorthis Jaanusson and Bassett 1993
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†Sivorthis ardmillanensis Reed 1917
†Sivorthis bellus Cooper 1956
†Sivorthis calatravaensis Reyes-Abril et al. 2010
†Sivorthis eucharis Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Sivorthis filistera Jaanusson and Bassett 1993
†Sivorthis friendsvillensis Cooper 1956
†Sivorthis minus Cooper 1956
†Sivorthis minutus Cooper 1956
†Sivorthis multicostellatus Cooper 1956
†Sivorthis noctilio Sharpe 1849
†Sivorthis occidentalis Cooper 1956
†Sivorthis precordillerana Benedetto 2015
†Sivorthis tenuicostatus Cooper 1956
G. †Orthis Dalman 1828
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Subg. †Orthis (Finkelnburgia) Walcott 1905
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†Orthis (Finkelnburgia) osceola Walcott 1905
†Orthis (Finkelnburgia) osceola corrugata Walcott 1905
†Orthis acuminata Billings 1859
†Orthis australis M'Coy 1847
†Orthis berthoisi Davidson 1869
†Orthis biforata Nicholson 1875
†Orthis biforata reversata Foerste 1885
†Orthis biloba Linnaeus 1758
†Orthis bilobata Portlock 1843
†Orthis callactis Dalman 1827
†Orthis christianae Kjerulf 1865
†Orthis cypha James 1874
†Orthis davidsoni de Verneuil 1845
†Orthis expansa de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
†Orthis intercostata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
†Orthis kreklingensis Opik 1939
†Orthis laticostata James 1871
†Orthis perveta Conrad 1843
†Orthis piger Billings 1859
†Orthis reversa McCoy 1862
†Orthis ribeiroi Sharpe 1853
†Orthis spinigera M'Coy 1847
†Orthis subalata Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Orthis testudinaria Dalman 1828
†Orthis tulliensis Vanuxem 1842
G. †Orthostrophia
G. †Paralenorthis Havlicek and Branisa 1980
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†Paralenorthis alabamensis Ulrich and Cooper 1938
†Paralenorthis alata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
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Invalid names: Lenorthis carausii Davidson 1868 [synonym]
†Paralenorthis buttsi Schuchert and Cooper 1932
†Paralenorthis carlottoi Gutiérrez−Marco and Villas 2007
†Paralenorthis costata Zhan et al. 2014
†Paralenorthis estenaensis Reyes-Abril et al. 2010
†Paralenorthis immitatrix Havlicek and Branisa 1980
†Paralenorthis lolae Reyes-Abril et al. 2010
†Paralenorthis luritjaorum Jakobsen et al. 2014
†Paralenorthis marshalli Wilson 1926
†Paralenorthis minusculus Phleger, Jr. 1933
†Paralenorthis mollesensis Levy and Nullo 1973
†Paralenorthis orbicularis Pander 1830
†Paralenorthis panderania Hall and Clarke 1892
†Paralenorthis proava Salter 1865
†Paralenorthis rgaitensis Nikitina 1985
†Paralenorthis riojanus Levy and Nullo 1973
†Paralenorthis riojanus brevis Benedetto 2003
†Paralenorthis robustus Neuman 1964
†Paralenorthis semnanensis Popov et al. 2009
†Paralenorthis serica Chang 1934
†Paralenorthis suriensis Benedetto 2003
Invalid names: Orthis calligramma chinensis Chang 1934 [synonym]
G. †Sulcatorthis
G. †Sulevorthis Jaanusson and Bassett 1993
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†Sulevorthis bielsteini Cooper 1956
†Sulevorthis blountensis Cooper 1956
†Sulevorthis cessatus Williams 1963
†Sulevorthis exopunctatus Williams 1974
†Sulevorthis humilidorsatus Wright 1964
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†Sulevorthis humilidorsatus albidus Harper 1984
†Sulevorthis humilidorsatus ultimus Harper 1984
†Sulevorthis humilidorsatus primadventus Harper 1984
†Sulevorthis lyckholmiensis Wysogorski 1900
†Sulevorthis mostellerensis Cooper 1956
†Sulevorthis parvicrassicostatus Cooper 1956
†Sulevorthis playfairi Reed 1917
†Sulevorthis rectangulatus Cooper 1956
†Sulevorthis rotundiformis Cooper 1956
†Sulevorthis tennesseensis Cooper 1956
G. †Taphrorthis Cooper 1956
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†Taphrorthis aspera Williams 1962
†Taphrorthis bellatrix Reed 1917
†Taphrorthis emarginata Cooper 1956
†Taphrorthis guizhouensis Xu and Liu 1984
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Invalid names: Taphrorthis obesa Xu and Liu 1984 [synonym]
†Taphrorthis immatura Williams and Curry 1985
†Taphrorthis peculiaris Cooper 1956
G. †Trondorthis Neuman 1974
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†Trondorthis bifurcatus Cooper 1956
†Trondorthis sibirica Rozman and Severgina 1983
†Trondorthis strandi Neuman and Bruton 1974
Invalid names: Ocorthis [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available