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Microstomata

Echinoidea

Taxonomy
Microstomata was named by Smith (1984). It is extant.

It was assigned to Echinoidea by Kiessling (2003); and to Irregularia by Smith (1984) and Kroh and Smith (2010).

Subtaxa
Desorellidae, Galeropygidae, Hyboclypus, Neognathostomata, Pygorhytis
Sister taxa
Neognathostomata

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1984Microstomata Smith
2003Microstomata Kiessling
2010Microstomata Kroh and Smith p. 171

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
RankNameAuthor
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Microstomata
—Microstomata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Microstomata Smith 1984
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Fm. †Desorellidae Lambert 1911
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G. †Desorella Cotteau 1855
G. †Menopygus Pomel 1883
Fm. †Galeropygidae Lambert 1911
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Invalid names: Ressopygus Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Hyboclypus Agassiz 1839
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†Hyboclypus gibberulus Agassiz 1839
Unr. Neognathostomata Smith 1981
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Fm. Apatopygidae Kier 1962
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G. Apatopygus Hawkins 1920
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†Apatopygus gaudensis Gatt 2005
Fm. †Archiaciidae Cotteau and Triger 1869
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G. †Acriaster Smith 1991
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†Acriaster sergipensis Smith 1991
G. †Archiacia Agassiz 1847
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†Archiacia sandalina Agassiz 1847
G. †Gentilia
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†Gentilia syriensis Kier 1962
Invalid names: Thomasaster Lambert 1920 [synonym]
G. †Bothryopneustes Fourtau 1924
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†Bothryopneustes lamberti Forteau 1924
Invalid names: Clypeobrissus Currie 1925 [synonym]
Or. Cassiduloida Agassiz and Desor 1847
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G. †Astropygaulus Checchia-Rispoli 1945
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Fm. Cassidulidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
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G. †Breynella Gregory
G. Cassidulus Lamarck 1801
G. †Catopygus
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Invalid names: Penesticta Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Echanthus Cooke 1942
G. †Nucleopygus Agassiz 1840
G. †Ochetes Pomel 1883
G. Rhyncholampas Agassiz 1869
G. †Conoclypeus Davies
G. †Echinanthus Leske 1778
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†Gitolampas sendaica Nisiyama 1968
†Gitolampas tunctana Gauthier 1889
†Gitolampas twitchelli Osborn et al. 2016
G. †Harduinia d'Archiac and Haime 1853
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†Hardouinia aequorea Morton 1834
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Invalid names: Cassidulus intermedius Slocom 1909 [synonym]
†Hardouinia bassleri Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hardouinia conoideus Clark 1915
†Hardouinia florealis Morton 1833
†Hardouinia kellumi Stephenson 1927
†Hardouinia mcglameryae Cooke 1953
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Invalid names: Cassidulus porrectus Clark 1891 [synonym]
†Hardouinia mortonis Michelin 1850
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†Hardouinia mortonis emmonsi Stephenson 1927
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Invalid names: Cassidulus berryi Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Hardouinia stetsoni Stephenson 1936 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cassidulus subconicus Clark 1891 [synonym], Cassidulus subquadratus Conrad 1860 [synonym], Gonioclypeus subangulatus Emmons 1858 [synonym]
†Hardouinia stantoni Clark 1891
†Hardouinia taylori Warren 1926
Invalid names: Clarkiella Lambert 1916 [synonym], Gonioclypeus Emmons 1858 [synonym]
Subor. Neolampadina Philip 1963
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Fm. Neolampadidae Lambert 1918
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G. †Aphanophora de Meijere 1903
G. Notolampas Philip 1963
G. †Pisolampas Philip 1963
Invalid names: Pliolampadidae Kier 1962 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Platypygus de Loriol 1902
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†Platipygus posthumum Ortmann 1900
G. †Procassidulus Lambert 1918
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†Procassidulus echevarriai Sanchez-Roig 1953
G. †Pygurostoma Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
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†Pygurostoma geometricum Morton 1833
†Pygurostoma morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Pygurostoma pasionense Cooke 1949
Or. Clypeasteroida Agassiz 1836 [sand dollar]
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Subor. Clypeasterina Agassiz 1872
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Fm. Clypeasteridae Agassiz 1836
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Subfm. Ammotrophinae Durham 1955
Subfm. Arachnoidinae Duncan 1889
G. Clypeaster Lamarck 1801
G. †Diplothecanthus Duncan
Invalid names: Clypeasterinae Agassiz 1836 [empty], Echinanthidae Agassiz 1872 [synonym]
Fm. Fossulasteridae Philip and Foster 1971
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Invalid names: Scutellinoididae Irwin 1995 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Conoclypeidae von Zittel 1879
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G. †Conoclypus Agassiz 1839
Fm. †Faujasiidae Lambert 1905
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†Australanthus longianus Gregory 1800
G. †Domechinus Kier 1962
G. †Eurypetalum Kier 1962
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Eurypetalum faujasii Desmoulins 1837
G. †Faujasia
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Faujasia apicalis Desor 1847
†Faujasia chelonium Cooke 1953
†Faujasia eccentripora Lees 1928
G. †Fauraster
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Fauraster priscus Lambert 1924
G. †Gongrochanus Kier 1962
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Gongrochanus herscheliana M'Clelland 1840
G. †Lefortia
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Lefortia delgadoi De Loriol 1900
†Lefortia trojana Cooke 1953
Invalid names: Pomelia de Loriol 1900 [replaced], Pomeliopsis de Loriol 1901 [objective synonym]
G. †Petalobrissus Lambert 1916
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Subg. †Petalobrissus (Paralampas) Duncan and Sladen 1882
†Petalobrissus cubensis Weisbord 1934
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Invalid names: Nucleolites wilderae Ikins 1940 [synonym], Petalobrissus burckhardti Lambert 1936 [synonym], Phyllobrissus brasiliensis Beurlen 1964 [synonym]
†Petalobrissus linguiformis Peron and Gauthier 1881
†Petalobrissus setifensis Coquand 1866
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Invalid names: Parapygus mossoroensis Maury 1925 [synonym]
G. †Zuffardia Checchia-Rispoli 1917
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†Zuffardia morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
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Invalid names: Catopygus boucarti Lambert 1925 [synonym], Catopygus rohlfsi Krumbeck 1906 [synonym], Zuffardia creullii Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym]
Invalid names: Stigmatopyginae Smith and Wright 2000 [empty]
Subor. Laganina Mortensen 1948
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Fm. Neolaganidae Durham 1954
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G. †Cubanaster Sánchez Roig 1952
G. †Durhamella Kier 1968
G. †Neolaganum Durham 1954
G. †Neorumphia Durham 1954
G. †Sanchezella Durham 1954
G. †Weisbordella Durham 1954
G. †Wythella Durham 1954
G. †Pentedium
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†Pentedium curator Kier 1967
Fm. †Oligopygidae Duncan 1889
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G. †Haimea
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†Haimea bajasurensis Squires and Demetrion 1994
†Haimea brooksi Osborn et al. 2016
†Haimea caillaudi Michelin 1851
†Haimea cylindrica Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Haimea gigantea Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Haimea pentagona Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Haimea subcylindrica Sanchez-Roig 1953
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†Oligopygus alvarezi Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1924
†Oligopygus floridanus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Oligopygus haldermani Conrad 1850
†Oligopygus herrari Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Oligopygus nancei Cooke 1941
†Oligopygus rotundus Cooke 1942
†Oligopygus sanjosephi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Oligopygus wetherbyi de Lortiol 1887
G. †Runa
Subor. Scutellina Haeckel 1896
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Infraor. Laganiformes Desor 1847
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Fm. Fibulariidae Gray 1855
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Invalid names: Echinocyamidae Cooke 1942 [synonym]
Fm. Laganidae Desor 1858
G. †Proescutella Pomel 1883
G. †Samlandaster Lambert and Thiéry 1914
Infraor. Scutelliformes Haeckel 1896
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Fm. †Abertellidae Durham 1955
Fm. †Astriclypeidae Stefanini 1912
Fm. †Dendrasteridae Lambert 1900
Fm. Echinarachniidae Lambert and Thiéry 1914
Fm. †Eoscutellidae Durham 1955
Fm. Mellitidae Stefanini 1912
Fm. †Monophorasteridae Lahille 1896
Fm. †Placatenellidae Mooi et al. 2018 [sand dollar]
Fm. †Protoscutellidae Durham 1955
Fm. Rotulidae Gray 1855
Fm. †Scutasteridae Durham 1955
Fm. Scutellidae Gray 1825
Fm. Taiwanasteridae Wang 1984
G. †Scutulum Tournouer 1869
Invalid names: Scutellinidae Pomel 1888 [empty]
G. †Tournoueraster Lambert 1914
Invalid names: Plesiolampadidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Rotulina Durham 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Clypeidae Lambert 1898
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G. †Astrolampas Pomel 1883
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†Astrolampas productus Agassiz 1836
G. †Clypeus Leske 1778
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†Clypeus agassizi Wright 1851
†Clypeus plotii Leske 1778
†Clypeus rostellus Currie 1925
†Clypeus wylliei Currie 1925
Invalid names: Auloclypeus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Dactyloclypeus Maccagno 1947 [synonym], Echinoclypeus De Blainville 1830 [synonym]
G. †Colliclypeus Smith 1991
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†Colliclypeus nettoanus White 1887
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Invalid names: Catopygus aequalis White 1887 [synonym]
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†Pseudopygurus letteroni Lambert 1911
G. †Pygurus Agassiz 1839
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Subg. †Pygurus (Mepygurus) Pomel 1883
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Subg. †Pygurus (Pyguropsis) de Loriol 1902
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Subg. †Pygurus (Pygurus) Agassiz 1839
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†Pygurus (Pygurus) andinus Larrain and Biró-Bagóczky 1985
†Pygurus (Pygurus) lampas de la Beche 1833
†Pygurus africanus de Loriol 1888
†Pygurus asiaticus Tokunaga 1903
†Pygurus complanatus Tanaka 1965
Invalid names: Echinopygus d'Orbigny 1856 [synonym]
Fm. †Clypeolampadidae Kier 1962
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+
†Clypeolampas lestelli Cotteau 1887
†Clypeolampas ovatus Lamarck 1816
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Invalid names: Clypeaster leskei Goldfuss 1829 [synonym], Clypeolampas douvillei Lambert 1919 [synonym], Clypeolampas mengaudi Lambert 1919 [synonym]
†Clypeolampas perovalis Arnaud 1877
Invalid names: Clypeolampas gosaviensis Lambert 1907 [nomen dubium], Clypeolampas vishnu Noetling 1897 [nomen dubium]
G. †Hungaresia Szorenyi 1955
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†Hungaresia helios Noetling 1897
†Hungaresia ovum Grateloup 1836
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Invalid names: Hungaresia hungarica Szorenyi 1955 [synonym]
G. †Vologesia
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†Vologesia tataosi Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
†Vologesia toucasi Lambert 1911
Or. Echinolampadoida Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Echinolampadidae Gray 1851
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†Arnaudaster gauthieri Lambert 1920
G. Echinolampas Gray 1825
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Subg. †Echinolampas (Cylindrolampas) Lambert 1918
Subg. †Echinolampas (Cypholampas) Lambert 1906
Subg. †Echinolampas (Progonolampas) Bittner 1892
†Echinolampas aldrichi Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Echinolampas alexandri Loriol 1876
†Echinolampas andalusiensis Osborn et al. 2016
†Echinolampas anguillae Cotteau 1875
†Echinolampas atascaderensis Brighton 1926
†Echinolampas bombos Nisiyama 1968
†Echinolampas castroi Cotteau 1881
†Echinolampas clevei Cotteau 1875
†Echinolampas consolationis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Echinolampas fraasi de Loriol 1880
†Echinolampas lechoni Cotteau 1880
†Echinolampas leymeriei Cotteau 1853
†Echinolampas mestrei Sanchez Roig 1926
†Echinolampas ovalis Bory de Saint-Vincent 1824
†Echinolampas oviformis Gmelin 1789
†Echinolampas perrieri de Loriol 1880
†Echinolampas raulini Cotteau 1863
†Echinolampas semiorbis Guppy 1866
†Echinolampas tumulus McNamara and Kendrick 1994
†Echinolampas woodringi Durham 1961
†Echinolampas yoshiwarai Loriol 1902
Invalid names: Hypsoclypus Pomel 1869 [synonym], Palaeolampas Bell 1880 [synonym]
G. †Parapygus
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†Parapygus cotteauanus d'Orbigny 1856
†Parapygus longior Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
Invalid names: Pseudocatopygus Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Rostropygus Szörényi 1955 [synonym]
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†Plesiolampas paquieri Lambert 1907
†Plesiolampas saharae Bather 1904
Invalid names: Oriolampas Munier-Chalmas 1882 [synonym]
Fm. †Nucleolitidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
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†Clypeopygus paultrei Cotteau 1851
G. †Hemicara
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†Hemicara pomeranum Schülter 1902
G. †Heteronucleus Lambert 1911
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†Heteronucleus peroni Lambert 1911
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†Hypopygurus gaudryi Gauthier 1889
G. †Nucleolites Lamarck 1801
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†Nucleolites hori Fourtau 1921
†Nucleolites scutatus Lamarck 1816
Invalid names: Echinobrissus Gray 1825 [objective synonym]
G. †Oolopygus
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†Catopygus (Oolopygus) gonzalezi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Oolopygus gracilis Lambert 1909
G. †Phyllobrissus Cotteau 1859
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+
Invalid names: Stigmatopygus malheiroi de Loriol 1888 [synonym]
†Phyllobrissus gresslyi Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Anthobrissus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Asterobrissus de Loriol 1888 [synonym]
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†Plagiochasma cruciferum Morton 1830
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Invalid names: Nucleolites analis Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Pyrina freucheni Desor 1926 [synonym], Trematopygus analis dOrbigny 1855 [synonym]
†Plagiochasma lammersmaxi Jagt and Ham 2000
†Plagiochasma olfersii Agassiz 1836
†Plagiochasma orientalis Fourtau 1921
Invalid names: Dochmostoma Duncan 1891 [synonym], Trematopygus d'Orbigny 1857 [objective synonym]
G. †Pseudonucleus Lambert 1920
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†Pseudonucleus malladai Lambert 1920
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†Pseudosorella orbignyana Cotteau 1855
†Pseudosorella syriacus de Loriol 1901
Invalid names: Neoclypeus de Loriol [synonym]
G. †Pygaulus
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†Pygaulus desmoulinsii Agassiz 1847
G. †Pygopistes Pomel
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†Pygopistes coquandi Cotteau 1869
†Pygopistes parrasae Parma and Casadío 2005
†Pygopistes rudistarum Hawkins 1923
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Invalid names: Cassidulus (Pygorhynchus) berryi Kellum 1926 [synonym]
†Pygorhynchus obovatus Agassiz 1836
Invalid names: Botriopygus d'Orbigny 1855 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Pygaulidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
G. †Pygorhytis Pomel 1883
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†Pygorhytis ringens Agassiz 1835
†Pygorhytis ringens wiekensis Jesionek-Szymanska 1963
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: epifaunalc
Diet: grazerc
Diet 2: deposit feederc
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-28 12:05:24
Modified: 2010-02-12 04:00:29
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bajocian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 170.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 168.4 Ma

Collections (1576 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Jurassic174.7 - 161.5United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Clypeus sinuatus, Nucleolites clunicularis (204099)
Early/Lower Bajocian171.6 - 168.4Luxembourg Menopygus nodoti (38549)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Poland (Carpathians) Pygorhytis ringens (233504)
Late/Upper Bajocian171.6 - 167.7Switzerland Nucleolites renggeri (32036)
Parkinsoni171.6 - 167.7United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Clypeus sinuatus (196369)
Bajocian170.3 - 168.3Saudi Arabia Bothryopneustes arabica (48084 48136) Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45301) Clypeus sp. (48078 48112) Nucleolites sp. (48088 48089)
Bajocian - Bathonian170.3 - 166.1Chile (Chañaral) Clypeus sp. (223618)
Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian170.3 - 164.7Saudi Arabia Pygurus cottreaui, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45303)
Bathonian - Bajocian168.3 - 168.3Somalia Clypeus rostellus (161481)
Bathonian - Bajocian168.3 - 168.3Kenya Clypeus rostellus (161804)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1United Kingdom (England) Clypeus muelleri (36551)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1France Clypeus ploti (98246)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Saudi Arabia Bothryopneustes arabica, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes orientalis (48453) Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45394 45395 45518 48300 48302 48304 48339 48341 48397 48404 48486 48487) Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes lorioli, Bothryopneustes sp. (48307) Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes sp. (45464 48449) Bothryopneustes inflata (48332) Bothryopneustes orientalis (48317) Bothryopneustes sp. (45467 48448 48484) Bothryopneustes sp., Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis (45516) Clypeus sp., Bothryopneustes arabica, Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes sp. (48405) Clypeus sp., Bothryopneustes dhrumaensis, Bothryopneustes sp. (48400)
Bathonian - Callovian168.3 - 163.5Somalia Clypeus williei (100377 100385)
Early/Lower Bathonian - Late/Upper Bajocian167.7 - 167.7France Nucleolites amplus (8834)
Early/Lower Bathonian167.7 - 164.7Poland Pygorhytis ringens, Echinobrissus terquemi (196446)
Late/Upper Bathonian167.7 - 164.7Poland Hyboclypus gibberulus, Echinobrissus elongatus, Echinobrissus pilensis (196444)
Late/Upper Bathonian167.7 - 164.7France Nucleolites clunicularis (58932)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Saudi Arabia Bothryopneustes inflata (45540) Bothryopneustes kauffmani (48535 48605) Bothryopneustes orientalis (45538 45547 48593 48596 48604) Pseudopygurus sp. (47902) Pygurus smelliei, Bothryopneustes orientalis (48585 48598) Pygurus smelliei, Bothryopneustes orientalis, Bothryopneustes kauffmani (48589)
Callovian166.1 - 163.5Armenia Echinobrissus clunicularis (196494)