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Hexagonariinae

Anthozoa - Stauriida - Disphyllidae

Taxonomy
Hexagonariinae was named by Bulvanker (1958).

It was assigned to Disphyllidae by Hill (1981).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1958Hexagonariinae Bulvanker
1981Hexagonariinae Hill

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumCnidariaHatschek 1888
classAnthozoaEhrenberg 1834
—Hexacorallia()
subclassRugosa(Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850)
RankNameAuthor
orderStauriidaVerrill 1865
suborderColumnariinaRominger 1876
familyDisphyllidaeHill 1939
subfamilyHexagonariinaeBulvanker 1958
subfamilyHexagonariinaeBulvanker 1958

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Hexagonariinae Bulvanker 1958
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G. †Haplothecia Frech 1885
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Subg. †Haplothecia (Kuangxiastraea) Yu and Kuang 1983
†Haplothecia schlotheimi Pickett 1967
G. †Hexagonaria Gürich 1896
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Subg. †Hexagonaria (Pinyonastraea) Merriam 1974
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†Hexagonaria davidsoni Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851
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Invalid names: Acervularia bassleri Webster and Fenton 1924 [synonym]
†Hexagonaria hexagona Goldfuss 1826
†Hexagonaria reedi Schroeder and Leleshus 2002
Invalid names: Hexagoniophyllum Gürich 1909 [synonym], Polyphyllum Fromentel 1861 [synonym]
G. †Marisastrum Rozkowska 1965
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calciteo
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-27 16:55:09
Modified: 2004-02-28 16:53:57
Source: o = order, c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Silurian to the top of the Late/Upper Frasnian or 443.10000 to 372.15000 Ma

Collections (161 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Silurian443.1 - 419.62USA (California) Acervularia davidsoni (229258 229259) Cyathophyllum hexagonum (229257)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.62 - 410.62Australia (New South Wales) Hexagonaria approximans (25699)
Early/Lower Devonian - Middle Devonian419.62 - 382.31Canada (Yukon) Hexagonaria sp. (101483)
Devonian419.62 - 358.86USA (Alaska) Hexagonaria sp. (100980 100990 101420 101430) Hexagonaria sp. A (100997)
Pragian - Early/Lower Emsian413.02 - 399.5Australia (Victoria) Hexagonaria approximans (10125 10127 10143)
Pragian - Emsian413.02 - 393.47Tajikistan Hexagonaria approximans (45831)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5USA (Nevada) Pinyonastraea sp. A (90937)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47New Zealand (South Island) Hexagonaria allani, Hexagonaria sp. (3579)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Canada (Nunavut) Hexagonaria sp. (26614)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47New Zealand Hexagonaria allani (25785) Hexagonaria allani, Hexagonaria sp. (40524) Hexagonaria sp. (40521)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Spain (Córdoba) Hexagonaria soraufi (76980)
Zlichovian - Daleje410.62 - 393.47Australia (New South Wales) Hexagonaria tungkanlingensis (188101)
Emsian - Eifelian410.62 - 387.95Canada (Ontario) Hexagonaria tabulata (40039)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47China (Guangxi) Hexagonaria sp. (4837)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95USA (Michigan) Hexagonaria pericarinata (167943)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Canada (Northwest Territories) Hexagonaria sp. (25518 25645)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Canada (Ontario) Hexagonaria prisma (213759)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Canada (Yukon) Hexagonaria sp. (223529)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95USA (Indiana) Hexagonaria bella, Hexagonaria curta, Hexagonaria ovoidea, Hexagonaria partita, Hexagonaria prisma (5703) Hexagonaria ponderosa (5706)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95USA (Alaska) Hexagonaria sp. (101452 101471)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95USA (Kentucky) Hexagonaria indet. (76992)
Eifelian - Givetian393.47 - 382.31Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Hexagonaria quadrigemina (77049)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31USA (Alaska) Hexagonaria sp. k (108334)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31USA (Indiana) Hexagonaria cincta (5702)
Middle Devonian - Late/Upper Devonian393.47 - 358.86USA (Alaska) Hexagonaria sp. A (101419)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Canada (Northwest Territories) Hexagonaria sp. (34871)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Spain (Castilla-León) Haplothecia filata (80707 80711) Haplothecia pengellyi (80481 80592 80593)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Morocco Hexagonaria sp. (74491)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Sichuan) Hexagonaria longiseptata, Hexagonaria hexagon, Hexagonaria stenotabulata, Hexagonaria tuqiaoziensis (74632)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Spain Hexagonaria sp. (27711)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Guangxi) Hexagonaria sp. (4790 4846 13170)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Spain (Asturias) Hexagonaria mireillae (80296)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen,) Hexagonaria quadrigemina (77048)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Ohio) Hexagonaria anna, Hexagonaria stewartae, Hexagonaria tabulata, Hexagonaria truncata (38450 38451 38452 38453 38454 38455 38456)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31United Kingdom (England) Haplothecia pengellyi (81021) Hexagonaria sp. (38403 81014 81020)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Tibet) Hexagonaria ngariensis, Hexagonaria kozlowskii, Hexagonaria sedwicki (229931 229932 229933)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Kazakhstan Hexagonaria hexagona (73183)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Poland Hexagonaria laxa, Hexagonaria jurkowicensis (83035)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Afghanistan (Ghazni) Hexagonaria sp., Hexagonaria lavali (74993)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Vietnam Hexagonaria lavali (83344)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Hunan) Hexagonaria sp. (34987 34988 34989)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Afghanistan (Vardak) Hexagonaria magna (84627) Hexagonaria sp. (84633)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Canada (Manitoba) Hexagonaria arctica (6722)
Givetian - Frasnian387.95 - 372.15Germany (Niedersachsen) Hexagonaria sp. (77792)
Givetian - Frasnian387.95 - 372.15United Kingdom (England) Hexagonaria sp., Hexagonaria marrmini (81048)
Givetian - Frasnian387.95 - 372.15Vietnam Hexagonaria bongbutensis (83340)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Tajikistan Hexagonaria reedi (184352)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Poland Hexagonaria davidsoni (83087) Hexagonaria mirabilis, Hexagonaria davidsoni (82960) Hexagonaria sanctacrucensis, Hexagonaria davidsoni (83030 83033)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Germany Hexagonaria sp., Haplothecia schlotheimi (197087)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian383.4 - 379.0Spain (Leon) Haplothecia pengellyi (26849)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian383.4 - 379.0Spain (Asturias) Hexagonaria hexagona (25436)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0France Hexagonaria marmini, Hexagonaria sp., Hexagonaria davidsoni (38690)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Poland Hexagonaria hexagona (82904) Hexagonaria mirabilis, Hexagonaria sanctacrucensis (82908)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Germany Haplothecia sp. (227864)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Iran Hexagonaria davidsoni (197018)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15France Hexagonaria mirabilis, Hexagonaria mireillae (38688 38689)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation (Arkhangel'skaya Oblast') Marisastrum sedgwicki (40713)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (Northwest Territories) Hexagonaria bassleri (40138 40142 40143 40144 40278 40281) Hexagonaria bompasi, Hexagonaria firthi (40137) Hexagonaria schucherti, Hexagonaria caurus (40147)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (British columbia) Hexagonaria sp. (50031)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Afghanistan (Ghazni) Hexagonaria sp. (75031 75117 84671 84704) Hexagonaria sp., Hexagonaria lavali (84662)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Germany Haplothecia sp. (227863 227865) Hexagonaria sp. (227629) Hexagonaria sp., Hexagonaria davidsoni (227719)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Arizona) Hexagonaria sp. (6856 6857 6859 6867 6868 6873 6876)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Belgium (Namur) Hexagonaria mirabilis (76605)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Vietnam Hexagonaria lavali (83345)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (British Colombia-Alberta) Hexagonaria schucherti, Hexagonaria caurus (40286)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Australia (Western Australia) Hexagonaria playfordi (25263 39261)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (British Columbia-Alberta) Hexagonaria bassleri (40285) Hexagonaria inequalis (40283)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Iowa) Hexagonaria bassleri (40290) Hexagonaria inequalis, Hexagonaria whitfieldi (40289) Hexagonaria oweni (83953)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Afghanistan (Kabul) Hexagonaria sp. (232507)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (New Mexico) Hexagonaria capitolium (40301)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Iran Hexagonaria magna (62156) Hexagonaria magna, Hexagonaria taurensis (62135) Hexagonaria sp. (62146)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15China (Hunan) Hexagonaria orientalis (40569)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Spain Hexagonaria sp. (27618)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Afghanistan (Vardak) Haplothecia sp., Hexagonaria sedgwicki (84639) Hexagonaria magna, Marisastrum sp. (84640) Hexagonaria sp. (84634) Hexagonaria sp., Hexagonaria magna (75083)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Canada (Alberta) Hexagonaria sp. (76070 76086)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86USA (Alaska) Hexagonaria sp. (101009) Hexagonaria sp. A (101011 101012)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2France Hexagonaria sp. (3398 65768 65770)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Belgium (Namur) Hexagonaria mirabilis (76606 76631) Hexagonaria mirabilis, Hexagonaria mae, Hexagonaria davidsoni (76634)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Belgium Hexagonaria sp. (23245)
Middle Frasnian379.0 - 375.2Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Hexagonaria hexagona (81746 81747)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Australia (New South Wales) Hexagonaria davidsoni (40006)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Hexagonaria mirabilis (236362)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Russian Federation (Novosibirskaya Oblast) Hexagonaria longiseptata, Hexagonaria isylica, Hexagonaria yakovlevi (84381)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Iran Hexagonaria sp. (144944)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15USA (Arizona) Hexagonaria occidens, Hexagonaria minuta, Hexagonaria palmeri (40303)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Russian Federation (Kemerovskaya Oblast) Hexagonaria isylica, Hexagonaria yakovlevi, Hexagonaria longiseptata, Hexagonaria kuznetskiensis (84378)