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Ophiurida
Taxonomy
Ophiureae was named by Müller and Troschel (1840). It is extant.
It was reranked as the order Ophiurida by Lehmann (1957), Fell (1960), Skwarko (1963), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Haude and Thomas (1983), Mostler and Krainer (1993), Smith et al. (1995), Krainer and Mostler (1997), Jell (1997), Jagt (2000), Radwanski (2002), Sepkoski (2002), Chen et al. (2004), Glass and Poschmann (2006), Storc and Zitt (2008), Hess and Meyer (2008), O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Ophiuroidea by Lehmann (1957), Fell (1960), Skwarko (1963), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966) and Haude and Thomas (1983); to Ophiuroidea by Clark (1904), Mostler and Krainer (1993), Krainer and Mostler (1997), Jell (1997), Jagt (2000), Radwanski (2002), Sepkoski (2002), Chen et al. (2004) and Glass and Poschmann (2006); to Ophiuridea by Smith et al. (1995), Storc and Zitt (2008) and Hess and Meyer (2008); and to Euryophiurida by O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
It was reranked as the order Ophiurida by Lehmann (1957), Fell (1960), Skwarko (1963), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Haude and Thomas (1983), Mostler and Krainer (1993), Smith et al. (1995), Krainer and Mostler (1997), Jell (1997), Jagt (2000), Radwanski (2002), Sepkoski (2002), Chen et al. (2004), Glass and Poschmann (2006), Storc and Zitt (2008), Hess and Meyer (2008), O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Ophiuroidea by Lehmann (1957), Fell (1960), Skwarko (1963), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966) and Haude and Thomas (1983); to Ophiuroidea by Clark (1904), Mostler and Krainer (1993), Krainer and Mostler (1997), Jell (1997), Jagt (2000), Radwanski (2002), Sepkoski (2002), Chen et al. (2004) and Glass and Poschmann (2006); to Ophiuridea by Smith et al. (1995), Storc and Zitt (2008) and Hess and Meyer (2008); and to Euryophiurida by O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1836 | Acroura Agassiz |
| 1840 | Ophiureae Müller and Troschel |
| 1864 | Ophioderma bonnardi Oppel |
| 1866 | Acroura Wright |
| 1874 | Ophiolepis damesii Wright |
| 1880 | Ophiolepis damesii Wright pp. 161-163 figs. pl. 21 figs. 4, 5 |
| 1886 | Ophiolepis damesi Benecke p. 196 |
| 1886 | Ophioderma bonnardi Benecke p. 200 |
| 1887 | Ophioderma asteriformis Picard |
| 1889 | Ophiolepis damesi Boehm p. 271 |
| 1892 | Ophioglypha (Acroura) Neviani pp. 217-220 |
| 1904 | Ophiureae Clark p. 432 |
| 1923 | Ophiolepis damesii Lange p. 166 |
| 1940 | Ophioderma asteriformis Kutscher p. 14 |
| 1957 | Ophiolepis estarensis Barbier et al. p. 107 figs. figs. 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1-6 |
| 1957 | Ophiurida Lehmann p. 24 |
| 1960 | Ophiurida Fell |
| 1961 | Ophiurites rhaeticus Laugier p. 3026 figs. Figs. 1, 2 |
| 1963 | Ophiurida Skwarko p. 579 |
| 1965 | Ophiolepis damesii Hess p. 160 |
| 1965 | Ophiurida Owen p. 548 |
| 1966 | Ophiurida Spencer and Wright p. U92 |
| 1983 | Ophiurida Haude and Thomas p. 132 |
| 1993 | Ophiurida Mostler and Krainer p. 37 |
| 1995 | Ophiurida Smith et al. |
| 1997 | Ophiurida Jell p. 312 |
| 1997 | Ophiurida Krainer and Mostler p. 19 |
| 2000 | Ophiurida Jagt p. 9 |
| 2002 | Ophiurida Radwanski p. 396 |
| 2002 | Ophiurida Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Ophiurida Chen et al. p. 1306 |
| 2006 | Ophiurida Glass and Poschmann p. 971 |
| 2008 | Ophiurida Hess and Meyer p. 30 |
| 2008 | Ophiurida Storc and Zitt p. 125 |
| 2017 | Ophiurida O'Hara et al. |
| 2018 | Ophiurida O'Hara et al. p. 8 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Ophiurida Müller and Troschel 1840
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Infraor. Chilophiurina Matsumoto 1915
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Fm. †Aplocomidae Hess 1965
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Subfm. †Aplocominae Hess and Meyer 2008
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G. †Geocoma d'Orbigny 1850
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†Geocoma canjuersensis Roman et al. 1993
†Geocoma libanotica König 1825
†Geocoma magna Bataller 1941
†Geocoma planata Quenstedt 1876
†Geocoma schoentalensis Hess and Meyer 2008
G. †Sinosura Hess 1964
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†Sinosura brodiei Wright 1866
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Invalid names: Ophiopinna helvetica Hess 1962 [synonym], Ophiura longivertebralis Wolburg 1939 [synonym]
†Sinosura extensa Kutscher and Villier 2003
†Sinosura fasciata Kutscher and Villier 2003
†Sinosura jasmundensis Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Sinosura portei Guillaume 1926
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Invalid names: Ophiolepis ranvillensis Porte 1927 [objective synonym]
†Sinosura reicheli Hess 1965
†Sinosura schneideri Kutscher 1987
†Sinosura wolburgi Hess 1960
G. †Arenorbis Hess 1970
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†Arenorbis squamosus Picard 1858
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Invalid names: Acroura armata Picard 1886 [synonym], Acroura pellioperta Picard 1889 [synonym], Aspidura coronaeformis Picard 1858 [synonym]
Subfm. †Ophiopetrinae Hess and Meyer 2008
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G. †Ophiopetra Enay and Hess 1962
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†Ophiopetra bathonica Hess 1964
†Ophiopetra lithographica Enay and Hess 1962
†Ophiopetra oertlii Hess 1965
Subor. Chilophiurina Matsumoto 1915
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Fm. †Aganasteridae Stürtz 1899
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G. †Aganaster Miller and Gurley 1891
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†Aganaster fujianensis Liao and Wang 2002
†Aganaster gregarius Meek and Worthen 1869
†Aganaster huaanensis Wu 1980
Fm. †Ophiurinidae Gregory 1897
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G. †Argentinaster Ruedemann 1916
G. †Silesiaster Schwarzbach and Zimmermann 1936
G. †Stephanouropsis Calzada and Gutiérrez 1988
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†Stephanouropsis moralejai Calzada and Gutiérrez 1988
G. †Syntomospina Morris et al. 1973
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†Syntomospina kaiyangensis Feng 1985
†Syntomospina kuehni Morris et al. 1973
Subor. Ophiomusina O'Hara et al. 2017
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Fm. Ophiosphalmidae O'Hara et al. 2018
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G. Ophiomusium Lyman 1869
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†Ophiomusium biconcavum Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Ophiomusium calloviense Hess 1963
†Ophiomusium dizluense Kristan-Tollmann et al. 1979
Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman 1869
†Ophiomusium ferrugineum Boehm 1889
†Ophiomusium fitchii Spencer 1907
†Ophiomusium gagnebini Thurmann 1851
†Ophiomusium granulosum Roemer 1841
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Invalid names: Ophiomusium danicum Nielsen 1926 [synonym], Ophiura (Aspidura) subcylindrica von Hagenow 1840 [synonym]
†Ophiomusium leckenbyi Wright 1880
†Ophiomusium longecombense Hess 1965
†Ophiomusium lux Jagt 2000
†Ophiomusium mammillatum Hess 1966
†Ophiomusium murravii Forbes 1843
†Ophiomusium praecisum Hess 1966
†Ophiomusium ramsayi Wright 1866
†Ophiomusium rugosum Valette 1914
†Ophiomusium sentum Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Ophiomusium sinemurensis Kutscher and Hary 1991
†Ophiomusium sinuatum Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Ophiomusium solodurense Hess 1962
†Ophiomusium vermiculatum Valette 1914
†Ophiomusium weymouthiense Damon 1880
Invalid names: Ophiomusaidae O'Hara et al. 2018 [empty]
Subor. Ophiurina Müller and Troschel 1840
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Infraor. Hemieuryalina Verrill 1899
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Fm. Ophiopyrgidae Perrier 1893
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G. Stegophiura Matsumoto 1915
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†Stegophiura eocaenus Leriche 1931
†Stegophiura hagenowi Rasmussen 1950
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Invalid names: Ophiura (Aspidura) granulosa von Hagenow 1840 [replaced], Ophiura tener Müller 1950 [synonym]
†Stegophiura nekvasilovae Storc and Zitt 2008
†Stegophiura trispinosa Jagt 2000
Fm. Ophiuridae Lyman 1865
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G. †Huangzhishania Chen et al. 2004
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†Huangzhishania gulinensis Feng 1985
†Huangzhishania permotriassica Chen et al. 2004
†Huangzhishania schistovertebrata Yang 1960
G. Ophiocrossota Clark 1928
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†Ophiocrossota baconi Blake and Allison 1970
†Ophiocrossota oweni Blake 1975
Subfm. Ophioleucinae Matsumoto 1915
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G. Ophiura Lamarck 1801
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Subg. †Ophiura (Aspidura) von Hagenow 1840
†Ophiura achatae Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura astonensis Hess 1964
†Ophiura bartonensis Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura bognoriensis Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura carpelloides Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura costata Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura cretacea Guéranger 1853
†Ophiura cunliffei Forbes 1846
†Ophiura davisi Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura furiae Rasmussen 1972
†Ophiura graysonensis Alexander 1931
†Ophiura hendleri Blake and Aronson 1998
†Ophiura kunradeca Berry 1938
†Ophiura marylandica Berry 1934
†Ophiura olifex Quenstedt 1876
Ophiura ophiura Linnaeus 1758
†Ophiura paucilepis Stöhr et al. 2011
Ophiura sarsii Lütken 1856
†Ophiura serrata Roemer 1841
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Invalid names: Ophioderma arkonensis Müller 1950 [synonym], Ophioglypha gracilis Valette 1914 [synonym], Ophiura parvisentum Spencer 1907 [synonym]
†Ophiura sternbergica Kutscher 1981
†Ophiura straini Cornell et al. 1991
†Ophiura texana Clark 1893
†Ophiura tinurtiensis Valette 1929
†Ophiura travisana Berry 1941
†Ophiura wetherelli Forbes 1852
Invalid names: Ophioglypha Lyman 1860 [synonym]
Subfm. Ophiurinae Lyman 1865
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G. †Aspiduriella Bolette 1998
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†Aspiduriella camuna Rossi Ronchetti 1965
†Aspiduriella dorae Lepsius 1878
†Aspiduriella italica Crema 1895
†Aspiduriella ludeni von Hagenow 1851
†Aspiduriella montserratensis Calzada and Gutiérrez 1988
†Aspiduriella similis Eck 1865
†Aspiduriella streichani Kutscher 1987
Invalid names: Aspidura Agassiz 1836 [replaced]
G. †Ophiotitanos Spencer 1907
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†Ophiotitanos laevis Spencer 1907
†Ophiotitanos magnus Spencer 1907
†Ophiotitanos pilleri Thuy and Kroh 2011
†Ophiotitanos smithi Ewin and Thuy 2017
†Ophiotitanos tenuis Spencer 1907
G. †Praeaplocoma Broglio Loriga and Berti Cavicchi 1972
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†Praeaplocoma hessi Broglio Loriga and Berti Cavicchi 1972
Invalid names: Astrophiuridae Sladen 1879 [empty]
G. †Plathyarthra Berry 1938
Invalid names: Acroura Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium], Laemophiurina Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Ophioderma asteriformis Picard 1887 [nomen dubium], Ophioderma bonnardi Oppel 1864 [nomen dubium], Ophiolepidina Ljungman 1867 [empty], Ophiolepis damesi Wright 1874 [nomen dubium], Ophiolepis estarensis Barbier et al. 1957 [nomen dubium], Ophiomyxina Fell 1962 [empty], Ophiurites rhaeticus Laugier 1961 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 409.10000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 402.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 402.5 Ma
Collections (247 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Devonian | Argentina (Jachal) | Argentinaster bodenbenderi (39230) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Ophiurina lymani (26904) | |
| Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Stephanoura belgica (38276 38277 38335) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Ophiaulax decheni, Stephanoura belgica (127756) Stephanoura belgica (127753 127755) | |
| Tournaisian | Poland | Aganaster jagiellonicus (64633) | |
| Chadian - Arundian | USA (Indiana) | Aganaster gregarius (699 8115 8127 8132 8133) Aganaster sp. (556) | |
| Capitanian | China (Fujian) | Aganaster fujianensis (97427) Ophioderma huaanensis (120773) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Guizhou) | Syntomospina kaiyangensis (32498) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Zhejiang) | Huangzhishania permotriassica (60533) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | Italy (Veneto) | Praeaplocoma sp. (77392) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | China (Guizhou) | Ophiaulax bijiensis (32500) | |
| Early/Lower Triassic | USA (Idaho) | Aspidura idahoensis (58632) | |
| Griesbachian - Dienerian | Italy | Praeaplocoma sp. (61805) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Guizhou) | Ophioderma schistovertebrata (146272) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Zhejiang) | Huangzhishania permotriassica (105220 105221) | |
| Griesbachian | Italy | Praeaplocoma sp. (61804) | |
| Triassic | Vietnam (Tinh Lai Chau) | Aspidura sp. (77537) | |
| Smithian | USA (Idaho) | Aspidura idahoensis (136684) | |
| Smithian | Italy | Praeaplocoma sp. (61808) | |
| Spathian | Italy | Praeaplocoma hessi (61809 165168) Praeaplocoma sp. (61810) | |