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Procolophonomorpha
Taxonomy
Procolophonomorpha was named by Romer (1964) [Originally erected to replace the Diadectomorpha. Thus the original rank might be suborder, although not stated explicitly. Whether the group is extinct or not depends on exclusion or inclusion of turtles, respectively.].
It was reranked as the order Procolophonomorpha by Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974); it was reranked as the superorder Procolophonomorpha by Ivakhnenko (2008); it was reranked as the unranked clade Procolophonomorpha by Lee (1995), Lee (1997), Modesto (2000), Reisz et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Cotylosauria by Romer (1964); to Cotylosauria by Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974); to Parareptilia by Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Parareptilia by Lee (1995), Lee (1997), Modesto (2000), Reisz et al. (2014).
It was reranked as the order Procolophonomorpha by Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974); it was reranked as the superorder Procolophonomorpha by Ivakhnenko (2008); it was reranked as the unranked clade Procolophonomorpha by Lee (1995), Lee (1997), Modesto (2000), Reisz et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Cotylosauria by Romer (1964); to Cotylosauria by Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974); to Parareptilia by Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Parareptilia by Lee (1995), Lee (1997), Modesto (2000), Reisz et al. (2014).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1964 | Procolophonomorpha Romer p. 719 |
1971 | Procolophonomorpha Haubold p. 31 |
1974 | Procolophonomorpha Haubold p. 33 |
1995 | Procolophonomorpha Lee p. 510 |
1997 | Procolophonomorpha Lee pp. 199, 200 fig. 1 |
2000 | Procolophonomorpha Modesto pp. 16-18 figs. 3, 4 |
2008 | Procolophonomorpha Ivakhnenko p. 49 |
2014 | Procolophonomorpha Reisz et al. p. 1034 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Procolophonomorpha Romer 1964
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Unr. †Ankyramorpha deBraga and Reisz 1996
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Superfm. †Lanthanosuchoidea Efremov 1940
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Fm. †Acleistorhinidae Daly 1969
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G. †Colobomycter Vaughn 1958
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†Colobomycter pholeter Vaughn 1958
†Colobomycter vaughni MacDougall et al. 2016
G. †Delorhynchus Fox 1962
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†Delorhynchus cifellii Reisz et al. 2014
†Delorhynchus multidentatus Rowe et al. 2021
†Delorhynchus priscus Fox 1962
Fm. †Lanthaniscidae Ivakhnenko 2008
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Unr. †Nyctiphruretia Lee 1995
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Fm. †Nycteroleteridae Romer 1956
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G. †Bashkyroleter Ivakhnenko 1997
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†Bashkyroleter bashkyricus Efremov 1940
†Bashkyroleter mesensis Ivakhnenko 1997
G. †Macroleter Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984
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†Macroleter agilis Olson 1980
†Macroleter poezicus Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984
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Invalid names: Tokosaurus perforatus Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Tokosaurus Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1984 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bashkyroleterinae Ivakhnenko 1997 [empty], Nycteroleterinae Romer 1956 [empty]
Unr. †Procolophonia Seeley 1888
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Unr. †Hallucicrania Lee 1995
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Fm. †Lanthanosuchidae Efremov 1940
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G. †Lanthanosuchus Efremov 1940
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†Lanthanosuchus watsoni Efremov 1946
Invalid names: Lanthanosuchus qualeni Efremov 1940 [nomen nudum]
Superfm. †Pareiasauroidea Nopsca 1928
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Unr. †Pareiasauria Seeley 1888
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G. †Anthodon Owen 1876
G. †Arganaceras Jalil and Janvier 2005
G. †Bradysaurus Watson 1914
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Invalid names: Bradysuchus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Platyoropha Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
G. †Bunostegos Sidor et al. 2003
Fm. †Elginiidae Cope 1896
G. †Embrithosaurus Watson 1914
G. †Nanoparia Broom 1936
G. †Nochelesaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929
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Invalid names: Dolichopareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
G. †Pachypes Leonardi et al. 1975
G. †Parasaurus von Meyer 1857
Fm. †Pareiasauridae Lydekker 1889
G. †Pareiasaurus Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Brachypareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Propappus Seeley 1888 [synonym]
G. †Pareiasuchus Broom and Haughton 1913
G. †Pumiliopareia Lee 1997
Invalid names: Bradysauridae von Huene 1948 [empty], Koalemasaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus acutirostris Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus bombidens Owen 1876 [nomen vanum], Pareiasaurus russouwi Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus steenkampensis Seeley 1908 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus strubeni Broom 1924 [nomen dubium], Rhipaeosauridae Chudinov 1955 [empty]
Invalid names: Procolophoniformes Lee 1995 [synonym], Testudinomorpha Laurin and Reisz 1995 [empty]
Fm. †Sclerosauridae Nopsca 1923
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Invalid names: Procolophonida [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Westphalian D to the top of the Carnian or 309.80000 to 228.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 307.5 Ma
Collections (123 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Westphalian D | USA (Ohio) | Carbonodraco lundi (85292) | |
Cisuralian | Brazil (Piauí) | Karutia fortunata (218113) | |
Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Acleistorhinidae indet., Colobomycter pholeter, Delorhynchus priscus, Feeserpeton oklahomensis, Delorhynchus cifellii, Colobomycter vaughni, Delorhynchus multidentatus (67862) | |
Kungurian | USA (Oklahoma) | Acleistorhinus pteroticus (67945) | |
Late/Upper Kazanian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Nycteroleteridae indet. (80918 81111) | |
Late/Upper Kazanian - Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) | Bashkyroleter mesensis (187648 187653) Lanthaniscus efremovi (85160) Macroleter poezicus (190282) Macroleter poezicus, Bashkyroleter mesensis (187646 187647) Nycteroleter ineptus (79948) Nycteroleter ineptus, Bashkyroleter mesensis, Lanthaniscus efremovi (187645) | |
Roadian - Wordian | USA (Oklahoma) | Seymouria agilis (27479) | |
Roadian - Capitanian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Pareiasaurus americanus (171380 171381) | |
Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | Nycteroleter bashkyricus, Rhipaeosaurus tricuspidens (27341) | |
Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Tokosaurus perforatus (80057) | |
Urzhumian | Russian Federation | Rhipeosaurus sp. (22644) | |
Urzhumian - Early/Lower Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Tatarstan) | Lanthanosuchus watsoni (27931) | |
Wordian - Capitanian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Provelosaurus americanus (78657) | |
Tatarian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Lanthanosuchidae indet. (196110) Pareiasauria indet. (196164) | |
Capitanian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Australothyris smithi (89626) Bradysaurus sp. (181072 198666) Pareiasaurus sp., Pareiasuchus sp. (176246) | |
Capitanian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Brachypareia rogersi (176248) Brachypareia watsoni (198721) Bradysaurus angusta, Bradysaurus strubeni, Bradysaurus baini, Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Dolichopareia angusta, Brachypareia watsoni (86388) Bradysaurus baini (93100 178115 198677) Bradysaurus baini, Brachypareia watsoni, Pareiasaurus acutirostris (13004) Bradysaurus seeleyi (198675) Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus baini (93085) Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus vanderbyli (93096) Bradysaurus sp. (198723) Bradysaurus strubeni (89650) Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Embrithosaurus schwarzi (93088) Embrithosaurus schwarzi (198028) Embrithosaurus sp., Bradysaurus seeleyi (198719) Embrithosaurus sp., Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus baini, Platyoropha broomi (93097) Koalemasaurus sp. (198722) Nochelesaurus alexanderi, Dolichopareia angusta (197985) Pareiasauria indet. (176245) Pareiasauria indet., Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Brachypareia rogersi (198676) Pareiasaurus baini (92648) Pareiasaurus bombidens (26710 93084) Pareiasaurus bombidens, Bradysaurus seeleyi (93086) | |
Early/Lower Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Chuvasia Republic) | Rhipeosaurus tricuspidus (232565) | |
Early/Lower Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Kirov) | Anthodon rossicus, Emeroleter levis, Pareiasuchus vjatkensis, Anthodon chlynoviensis (28854) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Pareiasauridae indet. (233451) Proelginia sp. (233448) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Pareiasauridae indet. (93207) Proelginia permiana (189501 189505) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian | Russian Federation (Tatarstan) | Proelginia permiana (80712) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Elginiidae indet. (93025) Obirkovia gladiator (93016) Scutosaurus tuberculatus (187939) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Nycteroleterinae indet., Elginiidae indet. (93030) Pareiasauria indet. (179653) Pareiasauridae indet. (180868 189495 189571) Scutosaurus sp., Elginiidae indet. (93027) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) | Pareiosaurus karpinskii, Pareiosaurus elegans, Pareiosaurus horridus, Pareiosaurus tuberculatus, Scutosaurus karpinskii, Scutosaurus tuberculatus (28065) Scutosaurus karpinskii (27952) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Vladimir) | Scutosaurus sp., Elginiidae indet. (93026) | |
Capitanian - Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Bradysaurus seeleyi (177588) | |
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Early/Lower Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Tatarstan) | Scutosaurus sp. (28855) | |
Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Pareiasaurus serridens (22661 180462) Pareiasaurus serridens, Pareiasauria indet., Pareiasuchus peringueyi, Propappus parvus (171377) | |
Wuchiapingian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Anthodon minusculus (171379) Pareiasauria indet. (178128) | |
Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Graaff-Reinet) | Anthodon serrarius (171378) | |
Wuchiapingian | Russian Federation (Vologda) | Pareiasauridae indet. (104754) | |
Wuchiapingian | China (Henan) | Tsiyuania simplicidentata, Honania complicidentata, Taihangshania imperfacta (92909) | |
Wuchiapingian | Germany (Hesse) | Parasaurus geinitzi (81115 84836 93036) | |
Wuchiapingian | Zambia | Pareiasauria indet. (184660 184661 184662) Propappus omocratus (184600) | |
Wuchiapingian | Zambia (Eastern) | Pareiasuchus nasicornis (86257) | |
Wuchiapingian | Morocco (Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz) | Arganaceras vacanti, Pareiasauria indet. (89607) | |
Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Pareiasaurus sp. (190568) | |
Wuchiapingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Anthodon serrarius (176504) Nanoparia luckhoffi, Pareiasaurus rubidgei (171384) Nanoparia pricei (171376) Pareiasaurus serridens, Pareiasuchus nasicornis (80826) | |
Lopingian | China (Nei Mongol) | Elginia wuyongae (194384) | |
Lopingian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Pachypes dolomiticus (188750) | |
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Pareiasaurus serridens (80176 89859) | |
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | Morocco (Argana) | Pachypes sp. (197303) | |
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Anthodon nesemanni (177601) Pareiasaurus serridens (80174 114905 176336 177563) | |
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Nanoparia luckhoffi (178275) | |
Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Pareiasauridae indet. (86484) | |
Vyatkian | Russian Federation (Vladimir) | Elginiidae indet., Obirkovia sp. (86346) | |
Zechstein | Germany (Thuringia) | Parasaurus geinitzi (85564 85565) | |
Zechstein | Germany (Hesse) | Parasaurus geinitzi (85489) | |
Zechstein | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Pareiasaurus pulcher (34816) | |
Zechstein | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Parasaurus geinitzi (85561) | |
Changhsingian | China (Shanxi) | Huanghesaurus liulinensis, Shansisaurus xuecunensis (92907) Pareiasauria indet., Shihtienfenia permica (93536) Pareiasauridae indet., Sanchuansaurus pygmaeus, Shansisaurus xuecunensis, Shihtienfenia permica, Shansisaurus sp. (78694) | |
Changhsingian | Niger (Agadez) | Bunostegos akokanensis (68054) Pachypes sp. (199774) | |
Changhsingian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Elginia mirabilis, Gordonia sp. (92323) | |
Aegean - Bithynian | Switzerland (Basel-Stadt) | Basileosaurus freyi (85940) | |
Anisian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Diapsida indet. (105297) | |
Carnian | USA (Virginia) | Xenodiphyodon petraios (39159) |