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Rhinoptera (cownose ray)
Taxonomy
Rhinoptera was named by Cuvier (1829) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 2,884]. It is extant. Its type is Myliobatis marginata.
It was assigned to Myliobatina by Jaekel (1894); to Myliobatidae by Woodward (1889), Hay (1902), Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Leriche (1926), White (1926), Bohm (1926), Leriche (1942), Casier (1946), Cassier (1966), Adegoke (1977), Case (1981) and Udovichenko and Nessov (1987); to Myliobatiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Rhinopterinae by Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Ebersole et al. (2019) and Cicimurri et al. (2022); and to Rhinopteridae by Jordan (1963), Jonet (1968), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Cappetta (1987), Werner (1989), Noubhani and Cappetta (1997), Purdy et al. (2001), Maisch et al. (2014), Carillo-Briceño et al. (2014), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020) and Popov et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Myliobatina by Jaekel (1894); to Myliobatidae by Woodward (1889), Hay (1902), Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Leriche (1926), White (1926), Bohm (1926), Leriche (1942), Casier (1946), Cassier (1966), Adegoke (1977), Case (1981) and Udovichenko and Nessov (1987); to Myliobatiformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Rhinopterinae by Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Ebersole et al. (2019) and Cicimurri et al. (2022); and to Rhinopteridae by Jordan (1963), Jonet (1968), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Cappetta (1987), Werner (1989), Noubhani and Cappetta (1997), Purdy et al. (2001), Maisch et al. (2014), Carillo-Briceño et al. (2014), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020) and Popov et al. (2024).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1829 | Rhinoptera Cuvier |
| 1838 | Zygobatis Agassiz p. 79 |
| 1850 | Trikeras Harless |
| 1859 | Zygobates Owen p. 119 |
| 1865 | Micromesus Gill |
| 1865 | Mylorhina Gill |
| 1884 | Trycera Doderlein |
| 1889 | Rhinoptera Woodward p. 125 |
| 1894 | Rhinoptera Jaekel p. 63 |
| 1902 | Rhinoptera Hay p. 321 |
| 1919 | Rhinoptera Jordan and Gilbert p. 23 |
| 1926 | Rhinoptera Bohm p. 82 |
| 1926 | Rhinoptera Leriche p. 386 |
| 1926 | Rhinoptera White p. 47 |
| 1942 | Rhinoptera Leriche p. 57 |
| 1946 | Rhinoptera Casier p. 104 |
| 1963 | Micromesus Jordan p. 605 |
| 1963 | Mylorhina Jordan p. 605 |
| 1963 | Rhinoptera Jordan p. 605 |
| 1963 | Zygobatis Jordan p. 605 |
| 1966 | Rhinoptera Cassier p. 92 |
| 1968 | Rhinoptera Jonet p. 254 |
| 1977 | Rhinoptera Adegoke p. 298 |
| 1981 | Rhinoptera Case p. 71 |
| 1981 | Rhinoptera Thurmond and Jones p. 76 |
| 1987 | Rhinoptera Cappetta p. 172 |
| 1987 | Rhinoptera Udovichenko and Nessov p. 172 |
| 1989 | Rhinoptera Werner p. 87 |
| 1997 | Rhinoptera Noubhani and Cappetta p. 125 |
| 2001 | Rhinoptera Purdy et al. p. 95 |
| 2002 | Rhinoptera Sepkoski |
| 2009 | Rhinoptera Cicimurri and Knight p. 641 |
| 2014 | Rhinoptera Carillo-Briceño et al. p. 86 |
| 2014 | Rhinoptera Maisch et al. p. 195 |
| 2015 | Rhinoptera Reinecke and Radwanski p. 16 |
| 2017 | Rhinoptera Szabo et al. |
| 2018 | Rhinoptera Kent p. 130 |
| 2019 | Rhinoptera Ebersole et al. p. 135 |
| 2020 | Rhinoptera Villafaña et al. p. 744 |
| 2022 | Rhinoptera Cicimurri et al. |
| 2024 | Rhinoptera Popov et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Rhinoptera Cuvier 1829 [cownose ray]
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†Rhinoptera daviesii Woodward 1889
†Rhinoptera dubius Leidy 1855
†Rhinoptera maja Udovichenko and Nessov 1987
†Rhinoptera marginata Saint-Hilaire 1809
†Rhinoptera prisca Woodward 1907
†Rhinoptera raeburni White 1934
†Rhinoptera rasilis Bohm 1926
†Rhinoptera schultzi Hiden 1995
†Rhinoptera sherboni White 1926
†Rhinoptera sherborni White 1926
†Rhinoptera smithi Jordan and Beal 1910
†Rhinoptera studeri Agassiz 1843
†Rhinoptera woodwardi Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Micromesus Gill 1865 [synonym], Mylorhina Gill 1865 [synonym], Trikeras Harless 1850 [synonym], Trycera Doderlein 1884 [synonym], Zygobatis Agassiz 1838 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Cenomanian to the top of the Gelasian or 99.60000 to 1.80600 Ma
Collections (144 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Rhinoptera prisca (167994) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Egypt | Rhinoptera sp. (214509) | |
| Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | Rhinoptera sp. (60397) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (New Jersey) | Rhinoptera sp. (26819) | |
| Danian | USA (Arkansas) | Rhinoptera sp. (206776) | |
| Selandian | Nigeria | Rhinoptera sp. (7791) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | Rhinoptera sp. (3113) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Mississippi) | Rhinoptera sp. (62872) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (South Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. (15074) | |
| Ypresian | Senegal | Rhinoptera sp. (209379) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhinoptera davisesi (13299) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Rhinoptera sp. (81179 209524) | |
| Eocene | Pakistan | Rhinoptera sp. (79971) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | Rhinoptera sherboni (15595) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Rhinoptera sp. (13346 81224 209521) | |
| Lutetian | Nigeria | Rhinoptera sherborni (60711) | |
| Lutetian | Russian Federation | Rhinoptera sp. (234680 234684 234686 234687) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhinoptera sherborni (41989 41992 41994 41998) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | Rhinoptera sp. (209370 209371) | |
| Lutetian | Togo | Rhinoptera sp. (32991) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Egypt | Rhinoptera sp. (137540 137541) | |
| Middle Eocene | Uzbekistan | Rhinoptera sherborni (45701 45702 62573) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Chile | Rhinoptera sp. (99479) | |
| Late/Upper Uintan | USA (Texas) | Rhinoptera sp. (16542) | |
| Bartonian | USA (North Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. 1, Rhinoptera sp. 2, Rhinoptera sp. (5387) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Rhinoptera sp. (16848 81266 81278 176944 205834 209520) | |
| Bartonian | Nigeria | Rhinoptera sherborni (32905) | |
| Priabonian | Western Sahara | Rhinoptera sp. (96686 96688) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Rhinoptera sp. (45640) | |
| Priabonian | Namibia (Sperrgebiet) | Rhinoptera rasilis (149316) | |
| Priabonian | Egypt | Rhinoptera sp. (137546 137547 137548 137550 137551 137552 137558 137563 137564 137568 137569 137573 137579 137580 137582 137583 137584 137586 137588) | |
| Priabonian | USA (South Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. (202013 202014) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | Rhinoptera sp. (75638) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Chile | Rhinoptera sp. (99478) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Georgia) | Rhinoptera sp. (160397) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France | Rhinoptera sp. (69805) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Oman (Dhofar) | Rhinoptera sp. (175334) | |
| MP 22 | Germany | Rhinoptera sp. (46097) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. (224900) | |
| Rupelian | Japan (Saga) | Rhinoptera sp. (204551) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | Peru | Rhinoptera sp. (199562) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (North Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. (71651) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. (211540) Rhinoptera studeri (97550) | |
| Aquitanian | Hungary (Esztergom) | Rhinoptera studeri, Rhinoptera schultzi (186636) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Para) | Rhinoptera studera (112580) Rhinoptera studeri (65162 112593) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | India (Orissa) | Rhinoptera sherborni (42842) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Aetobatus smithii (43807) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil | Rhinoptera studeri (112581) | |
| Aquitanian - Langhian | USA (North Carolina) | Rhinoptera sp. (48887) | |
| Miocene | USA (Texas) | Rhinoptera sp. (18614) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Carolina) | Rhinoptera dubia (18506) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Rhinoptera dubia (22220) | |
| Burdigalian | Portugal (Lisbon) | Rhinoptera studeri (36628) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Bavaria) | Rhinoptera sp. (210593) | |
| Burdigalian | Saudi Arabia | Rhinoptera sp. (47026) | |
| Burdigalian | Venezuela (Lara) | Rhinoptera sp. (145379) | |
| Burdigalian | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Rhinoptera sp. (77783) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (New Jersey) | Zygobatis sp. (18587) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | USA (Maryland) | Rhinoptera sp. (18518) | |
| Langhian | Netherlands | Rhinoptera sp. (45505) | |
| Langhian | Austria (Styria) | Rhinoptera studeri, Rhinoptera schultzi (148227) | |
| MN 5 | Austria | Rhinoptera sp. (51002) | |
| MN 5 - MN 6 | Portugal | Rhinoptera studeri (65912) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Orissa) | Rhinoptera raeburni (46365) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Gifu) | Rhinoptera sp. (161445) | |
| Middle Miocene | Venezuela (Falcon) | Rhinoptera sp. (161210) | |
| Middle Miocene | Austria (Styria) | Rhinoptera schultzi (161913) Rhinoptera studeri (161938) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Hokuriku) | Rhinoptera sp. (161492) | |
| Middle Miocene | Costa Rica | Rhinoptera sp. (91357) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Rhinoptera sp. (126605 187324) | |
| Serravallian | Panama (Colon) | Rhinoptera steindachneri (160574) | |
| Serravallian | Austria (Styria) | Rhinoptera studeri, Rhinoptera schultzi (161908) | |
| Badenian | Poland | Rhinoptera sp., Rhinoptera schultzi (162017) | |
| Badenian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | Rhinoptera sp. (161996) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Virginia) | Rhinoptera sp. (152251) | |
| Tortonian | Portugal | Rhinoptera sp. (91355) | |
| Tortonian | Peru | Rhinoptera sp. (176133) | |
| Tortonian | Panama (Colon) | Rhinoptera steindachneri (160567) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Rhinoptera sp. (24237 187583) Rhinoptera steindachneri (96700 118105) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Venezuela | Rhinoptera sp. (92751) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Netherlands | Rhinoptera sp. (53889) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Costa Rica (Limon) | Rhinoptera studeri (162678) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Portugal | Rhinoptera studeri (56459) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Panama (Panama) | Rhinoptera sp. (191987 191989 191994 191995 191996) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Venezuela (Falcon) | Rhinoptera sp. (162677) | |
| Hemphillian | Costa Rica (Puntarenas) | Rhinoptera sp. (144596) | |
| Messinian | USA (Virginia) | Rhinoptera sp. (179732) | |
| Messinian | Portugal | Rhinoptera sp. (91423) | |
| MN 13 | Portugal (Alvalade) | Rhinoptera sp. (65955) | |
| MN 13 | Portugal | Rhinoptera sp. (65954) | |
| Zanclean | USA (South Carolina) | Rhinoptera bonasus (77594) | |
| Pliocene | Angola | Rhinoptera brasiliensis (154111) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (Florida) | Rhinoptera bonasus (22712) | |
| Gelasian | Ecuador | Rhinoptera sp. (204353) |