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Vitis (grapevine)
Taxonomy
Vitis was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant. Its type is Vitis vinifera.
It was assigned to Vitaceae by Knowlton (1919), Brown (1959), Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964), Chandler (1978), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Tiffney (1999).
It was assigned to Vitaceae by Knowlton (1919), Brown (1959), Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964), Chandler (1978), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Tiffney (1999).
Species
V. aestivalis, V. alaskana (syn. V. rotundifolia), V. ambigua, V. aquila, V. arborea, V. arnensis, V. bilobata, V. bracknellensis, V. crenata, V. cuneata, V. cuspidata, V. elegans, V. excavata, V. florissantella, V. fragmenta, V. glabra, V. goodharti, V. heeriana (syn. V. crenata), V. hesperia, V. indica, V. inominata, V. islandica, V. labrusca, V. laciniosa, V. lakensis, V. leei, V. lobata, V. magtiisperma, V. messelensis, V. obovoidea, V. olriki, V. platanifolia, V. platyformis, V. platysperma, V. poolensis, V. pseudorotundifolia, V. pygmaea, V. rectisulcata, V. romanetii, V. rotundifolia, V. semenlabruscoides, V. sparsa, V. stipitata, V. subglobosa, V. symmetrica, V. triangularis, V. trifolia, V. venablesi, V. vinifera (type species), V. vulpina
Species lacking formal opinion data
V. bognorensis, V. cordifolia, V. globosa, V. hookeri, V. ludwigi, V. lusatica, V. magnisperma, V. minuta, V. muscadinioides, V. naumannii, V. palaeomuscadinia, V. pannosa, V. parasilvestris, V. parasylvestris, V. silvestris, V. stantoni, V. stantonii, V. stricta, V. sylvestris, V. teutonica, V. tiffneyi, V. tiffneyi, V. tomskiana, V. uncinata, V. washingtonensis
Synonymy list
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Vitis Linnaeus 1753 [grapevine]
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Vitis aestivalis Michaux 1803
†Vitis ambigua Chandler 1962
†Vitis aquila Chaney 1920
Vitis arborea Linnaeus 1753
†Vitis arnensis Chandler 1962
†Vitis bilobata Chandler 1961
†Vitis bracknellensis Chandler 1961
Vitis crenata Thunberg 1825
†Vitis cuneata Chandler 1962
†Vitis cuspidata Ward 1885
†Vitis elegans Chandler 1961
†Vitis excavata Chandler 1962
†Vitis florissantella Cockerell 1908
†Vitis fragmenta Knowlton 1918
†Vitis glabra Chandler 1962
†Vitis goodharti Chandler 1962
†Vitis hesperia Knowlton 1916
Vitis indica Linnaeus 1753
†Vitis inominata Knowlton 1918
†Vitis islandica Heer 1868
Vitis labrusca Linnaeus 1753
Vitis laciniosa Linnaeus 1753
†Vitis lakensis Chandler 1962
†Vitis leei Knowlton 1918
†Vitis lobata Knowlton 1924
†Vitis magtiisperma Chandler 1961
†Vitis messelensis Collinson et al. 2012
†Vitis obovoidea Chandler 1961
†Vitis olriki Heer 1868
†Vitis platanifolia Knowlton 1918
†Vitis platyformis Chandler 1961
†Vitis platysperma Chandler 1962
†Vitis poolensis Chandler 1962
†Vitis pseudorotundifolia Berry 1910
†Vitis pygmaea Chandler 1961
†Vitis rectisulcata Chandler 1961
Vitis romanetii Romanet du Caillaud 1883
Vitis rotundifolia Michaux 1803
†Vitis semenlabruscoides Reid and Chandler 1933
†Vitis sparsa Lesquereux 1878
†Vitis stipitata Chandler 1957
†Vitis subglobosa Reid and Chandler 1933
†Vitis symmetrica Chandler 1962
†Vitis triangularis Chandler 1962
Vitis trifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Vitis venablesi Chandler 1961
Vitis vinifera Linnaeus 1753
Vitis vulpina Linnaeus 1753
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 100.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma
Collections (186 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Canada (Alberta) | Vitis sp. (35072) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Vitis stantoni (34973) | |
| Lancian | USA (North Dakota) | Vitis stantonii (25911 25912 48191 48194 48200 48202 48204 48205 48207 48211 48220 48223 48224 48225 48227 48228 48232 48241 48245 48246 48248 48251 48263 48273 48274 48277 48279 48291) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Vitis stantoni (60169) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Vitis stantonii (54105) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Vitis stantoni (34967 34969 34970) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Vitis stantonii (96781) | |
| Puercan | USA (Wyoming) | Vitis stantoni (11334 11366 11389) | |
| Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Vitis lobata (53692) Vitis olriki (53691) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Colorado) | Vitis lobata (53079) Vitis olriki (40057 40061 43413 43415 52954 52963 53067) | |
| Paleocene | Canada (Alberta) | Vitis sp. (34887) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Wyoming) | Vitis indet. (58001) Vitis olriki (40132 57993 57996) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Vitis olriki (40092 53961) | |
| Tertiary | Japan (Aichi) | Vitis naumannii (22819) | |
| Torrejonian | USA (Wyoming) | Vitis stantoni (11367) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | France (Oise) | Vitis sp. (166598) | |
| Thanetian | United Kingdom (Surrey) | Vitis pygmaea (23320) | |
| Thanetian - Ypresian | Belgium | Vitis rectisulcata (32342) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Vitis bognorensis, Vitis sp., Vitis subglobosa, Vitis semenlabruscoides, Vitis obovoidea, Vitis venablesi, Vitis elegans, Vitis bracknellensis, Vitis rectisulcata (21249) Vitis bracknellensis (22743) Vitis minuta (21248) Vitis pygmaea, Vitis goodharti, Vitis cuneata, Vitis lakensis, Vitis glabra, Vitis platysperma, Vitis symmetrica, Vitis poolensis, Vitis ambigua, Vitis excavata (23398) Vitis sp. (21244) Vitis sp. 1, Vitis sp. 2, Vitis pygmaea, Vitis obovoidea (22810) Vitis sp., Vitis pygmaea, Vitis goodharti, Vitis glabra, Vitis platysperma, Vitis triangularis, Vitis arnensis (23397) Vitis subglobosa (22806) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Virginia) | Vitis sp. (22775) | |
| Eocene | USA (Alaska) | Vitis olriki (112312) | |
| Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Vitis sp. (27721) | |
| Eocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Vitis sp. (179231) | |
| Eocene | China (Guangxi) | Vitis sp. (223907) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Vitis sp. (24108) Vitis sp. 1, Vitis sp. 2, Vitis sp. 3, Vitis pygmaea (24106) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Vitis magnisperma, Vitis tiffneyi, Vitis sp. (21220) | |
| Middle Eocene | Germany (Hesse) | Vitis messelensis (140304) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Vitis sp. (24109) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Washington) | Vitis sp. (22901) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Vitis uncinata (27663) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Vitis sp. (35237) | |
| Rupelian | Czechia | Vitis stricta (31643) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Vitis sp. (45777) | |
| Oligocene | USA (Montana) | Vitis muscadinioides, Vitis washingtonensis, Vitis sp. (23793) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | United Kingdom (England) | Vitis hookeri, Vitis stipitata (27665) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Vitis teutonica (26748) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Sachsen) | Vitis lusatica (24183 24184 24185) Vitis teutonica (24533 26508) | |
| Chattian | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Vitis sp. (22889) Vitis tomskiana (23114 23663 23669 23673 23888 23891) | |
| Chattian - Aquitanian | Germany (Sachsen) | Vitis teutonica (26765) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Vitis tomskiana, Vitis cordifolia, Vitis silvestris, Vitis sp.1 (23908) Vitis tomskiana, Vitis sp. (23906) Vitis tomskiana, Vitis sp.3 (23907) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Vitis sp. (23897) Vitis tomskiana, Vitis sp.3 (23894) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Burdigalian | USA (Vermont) | Vitis sp. (22776) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Vitis naumannii (22789) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Gunma) | Vitis sp. (22786) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Bayern) | Vitis globosa, Vitis lusatica, Vitis parasilvestris, Vitis silvestris, Vitis teutonica (28282) Vitis globosa, Vitis lusatica, Vitis parasilvestris, Vitis teutonica, Vitis sylvestris (28280) Vitis globosa, Vitis lusatica, Vitis sylvestris (28283) Vitis lusatica, Vitis parasilvestris, Vitis silvestris, Vitis teutonica (28284) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Vitis romanetii (223803) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Vitis pannosa (23401) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Vitis palaeomuscadinia (23052) Vitis parasilvestris (23060) Vitis parasilvestris, Vitis teutonica (23062) Vitis sp. (27518) | |
| Langhian | Germany (sachsen) | Vitis lusatica, Vitis parasilvestris (27519) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Saxen) | Vitis teutonica (23674) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Denmark (Jylland) | Vitis silvestris (28313) Vitis sylvestris (28404) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Vitis sp. (28443) Vitis teutonica, Vitis ludwigi, Vitis silvestris, Vitis sp. (28442) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Vitis teutonica (27547 27551 27552) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Vitis tomskiana (24081) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Brandenburg) | Vitis teutonica (27275 27516) | |
| Langhian - Messinian | Japan (Hirakata) | Vitis naumannii (22744) | |
| MN 6 | Portugal (Santarém) | Vitis sp. (38137) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Sachsen) | Vitis parasilvestris, Vitis palaeomuscadinia (27381) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Vitis lusatica, Vitis teutonica (23598) Vitis palaeomuscadinia, Vitis lusatica (23056) Vitis palaeomuscadinia, Vitis teutonica (27524) Vitis parasilvestris (23025 23055 23348 23666 27013 27526 27528) Vitis sp. (27512) Vitis sp., Vitis teutonica (22899) Vitis teutonica (23661 27514) Vitis teutonica, Vitis parasilvestris (23042) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Saxen) | Vitis lusatica, Vitis palaeomuscadinia (22898) Vitis teutonica, Vitis lusatica (22897) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Vitis sp. (126605) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Gunma) | Vitis naumannii (22755) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine) | Vitis lusatica (28053 28113 28131) Vitis lusatica, Vitis parasylvestris, Vitis teutonica (28046) Vitis lusatica, Vitis teutonica (28051 28114 28115) Vitis sp. (28132) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine Westphalia) | Vitis lusatica (27921) Vitis parasylvestris, Vitis teutonica (27919) Vitis sp. (27922 27927 28044) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Japan (Gunma) | Vitis naumannii (21234 21265) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | France (Elsass) | Vitis parasilvestris, Vitis silvestris, Vitis teutonica (21222) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Indiana) | Vitis sp. (18320) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Germany (Sachsen) | Vitis parasilvestris (27277) | |
| Zanclean | Germany (North Rhine) | Vitis teutonica (28134) | |
| Zanclean - Pliocene | Germany (North Rhine) | Vitis teutonica (28171) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Italy (Umbria) | Vitis sylvestris (51756 51757 51758) | |
| Piacenzian - Zanclean | Germany (North Rhine) | Vitis teutonica (28197) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (North Rhine) | Vitis sp. (28198) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringen) | Vitis sp. (22783) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringia) | Vitis sylvestris (22778) | |
| Villafranchian | Slovakia | Vitis teutonica (41029) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Vitis vinifera (50523) | |
| Quaternary | India (Uttarakhand) | Vitis sp. (228809) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Michigan) | Vitis sp. (70131) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Vitis sp. (103991) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Vitis sp., Vitis rotundifolia (34269) | |
| Holocene | Bahamas (Great Abaco Island) | Vitis sp. (144662) |