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Antilopinae

Mammalia - Bovidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Antilopinae Gray
1902Antilopinae Hay p. 687
1976Etruria Hurzeler and Engesser
1976Etruria viallii Hurzeler and Engesser p. 333
1999Antilopinae Hassanin and Douzery p. 893
2001Antilopinae Grubb p. 377
2003Antilopinae Hassanin and Douzery p. 223
2008Antilopinae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5
2010Antilopinae Gentry p. 757
2016Antilopinae Wang et al. pp. e1169190-2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
superfamilyBovoidea
familyBovidae
subfamilyAntilopinaeGray 1821
subfamilyAntilopinaeGray 1821

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Antilopinae Gray 1821
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Tr. Aepycerotini Gray 1872
+
G. Aepyceros Sundevall 1847 [impala]
+
Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein 1812 [impala]
†Aepyceros premelampus Harris 2003
†Aepyceros shungurae Gentry 1985
Tr. Alcelaphini Brookes 1876
+
Subtr. †Alcelaphina Vrba 1997
+
G. †Damalops Pilgrim 1939
+
†Damalops palaeindicus Falconer 1859
†Damalops sidihakomai Vrba 1997
G. †Megalotragus van Hoepen 1932
+
†Megalotragus isaaci Harris 1991
G. Alcelaphus Blainville 1816 [hartebeest]
+
Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 [hartebeest]
Alcelaphus cokii Günther 1884 [Coke's hartebeest]
†Alcelaphus kattwinkeli Scwarz 1932
Invalid names: Bubalis Goldfuss 1820 [synonym]
G. †Awashia Vrba 1997
+
†Awashia suwai Vrba 1997
G. Beatragus Heller 1912 [hirola]
+
†Beatragus antiquus Leakey 1965
Beatragus hunteri Sclater 1889
†Beatragus whitei Vrba 1997
G. Connochaetes Lichtenstein 1812 [wildebeest]
+
†Connochaetes gentryi Harris 1991
†Connochaetes gentryi leptoceras Geraads et al. 2004
Connochaetes gnou Zimmermann 1780 [black wildebeest]
Connochaetes taurinus Burchell 1823 [blue wildebeest]
†Connochaetes tournoueri Thomas 1884
Invalid names: Catoblepas Gray 1821 [synonym], Oreonagor Thomas 1884 [synonym]
G. †Damalborea Gentry 2010
+
†Damalborea elisabethae Gentry 2010
G. Damaliscus Sclater and Thomas 1894 [antelope]
+
†Damaliscus ademassui Vrba 1997
†Damaliscus agelaius Gentry and Gentry 1978
†Damaliscus cuiculi Arambourg 1979
Damaliscus dorcas Pallas 1766 [bontebok]
†Damaliscus gentryi Vrba 1977
†Damaliscus hadari Vrba 1997
Damaliscus korrigum Ogilby 1837 [topi]
Damaliscus lunatus Burchell 1823 [common tsessebe]
Damaliscus pygargus Pallas 1766 [bontebok]
†Damaliscus strepsiceras Geraads et al. 2004
G. †Maremmia Hurzeler and Engesser 1976
+
†Maremmia haupti Major 1873
†Maremmia lorenzi Hurzeler and Engesser 1976
G. †Numidocapra Arambourg 1949
+
†Numidocapra crassicornis Arambourg 1949
Invalid names: Rabaticeras Ennouchi 1953 [synonym]
G. †Parmularius Hopwood 1934
+
†Parmularius altidens Hopwood 1934
†Parmularius ambiguus Pomel 1894
†Parmularius angusticornis Schwarz 1937
†Parmularius atlanticus Geraads and Amani 1998
†Parmularius braini Vrba 1977
†Parmularius eppsi Harris 1991
†Parmularius pachyceras Geraads 2001
†Parmularius pandatus Gentry 1987
†Parmularius parvus Vrba 1978
†Parmularius rugosus Leakey 1965
G. †Rusingoryx Pickford and Thomas 1984
+
†Rusingoryx atopocranion Pickford and Thomas 1984
G. Sigmoceros Peters 1849
Invalid names: Damaliscina Vrba 1997 [empty]
Tr. Antilopini Gray 1821
+
G. Ammodorcas Thomas 1891
+
Ammodorcas clarkei Thomas 1891
G. Antidorcas Sundevall 1847 [springbok]
+
Antidorcas marsupialis Zimmerman 1780 [springbok]
†Antidorcas marsupialis australis Hendey and Hendey 1968
G. Antilope Pallas 1766
+
Subg. Antilope (Naemorhedus) Smith 1827
+
†Nemorhoedus palmeri Cragin 1899
Subg. Antilope (Pantholops) Hodgson 1834 [chiru]
†Antilope arundinum Boddaert 1785 [southern reedbuck]
†Antilope campestris Thunberg 1811 [steenbok]
Antilope cervicapra Linnaeus 1758 [blackbuck]
†Antilope ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833 [waterbuck]
†Antilope equina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803 [roan antelope]
Antilope leptoceros Cuvier 1842
†Antilope lervia Pallas 1777 [barbary sheep]
†Antilope lindermayeri Wagner 1848
†Antilope ourebi Zimmerman 1783 [oribi]
†Antilope pallasi Wagner 1857
†Antilope patulicornis Lydekker 1878
†Antilope porrecticornis Lydekker 1878
†Antilope sivalensis Lydekker 1878
G. Dorcatragus Noack 1894
+
G. Eudorcas Fitzinger 1869
+
Eudorcas rufifrons Gray 1846 [red-fronted gazelle]
Eudorcas thomsoni Gunther 1884 [Thomson's gazelle]
G. Gazella Blaineville 1816 [gazelle]
+
†Gazella altidens Schlosser 1903
†Gazella atlantica Bourguignat 1870
Gazella bennettii Sykes 1831
†Gazella bondi Cooke and Wells 1951
Gazella cuvieri Ogilby 1841 [Cuvier's gazelle]
†Gazella dorcadoides Schlosser 1903
Gazella dorcas Linnaeus 1758 [Dorcas gazelle]
†Gazella dracula Geraads 1981
†Gazella emilii Bouvrain 1998
†Gazella gaudryi Schlosser 1904
Gazella gazella Pallas 1766
†Gazella jenenschi Dietrich 1950
†Gazella kohllarseni Dietrich 1950
Gazella leptoceros Cuvier 1842
†Gazella lydekkeri Pilgrim 1937
Gazella marica Thomas 1897 [sand gazelle]
†Gazella mytilinii Pilgrim 1926
†Gazella palaeosinensis Schlosser 1903
†Gazella paotehensis Teilhard de Chardin and Young 1931
†Gazella pilgrimi Bohlin 1935
†Gazella pomeli Arambourg 1979
†Gazella praegaudryi Arambourg 1959
†Gazella praethomsoni Arambourg 1947
†Gazella psolea Geraads and Amani 1998
†Gazella rufina Thomas 1894
Gazella saudilla Caruthers and Schwartz 1935
†Gazella setifensis Pomel 1895
†Gazella sinensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Gazella spekei Blythe 1863
Gazella subgutturosa Güldenstädt 1780
†Gazella thomasi Pomel 1895
†Gazella tingitana Arambourg 1957
+
Litocranius walleri Brooke 1878
G. Madoqua Ogilby 1837 [dikdik]
+
Madoqua guentheri Thomas 1894 [Gunther's dik-dik]
Madoqua kirkii Gunther 1880
Madoqua phillipsi Thomas 1894
Madoqua saltiana de Blainville 1816 [salt's dik-dik]
G. Nanger Lataste 1885 [gazelle]
+
Gazella (Nanger) dama mhorr Bennett 1833 [Mhorr gazelle]
Nanger dama Pallas 1766 [dama gazelle]
Nanger granti Brooke 1872 [Grant's gazelle]
Nanger soemmerringii Cretzschmar 1828 [Soemmerring's gazelle]
+
†Ourebia ourebi Zimmerman 1783 [oribi]
G. Procapra Hodgson 1846
+
Procapra gutturosa Pallas 1777
Procapra picticaudata Hodgson 1846
Invalid names: Prodorcas Pocock 1918 [synonym]
G. Raphicerus Smith 1827
+
†Raphicerus campestris Thunberg 1811 [steenbok]
Raphicerus melanotis Thunberg 1811 [Cape grysbok]
†Raphicerus paralius Gentry 1980
Raphicerus sharpei Thomas 1897 [Sharpe's grysbok]
G. Saiga Gray 1843 [saiga]
+
Saiga tatarica Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Saiga ricei Frick 1937 [synonym]
Tr. Caprini Gray 1821
+
+
†Ammotragus lervia Pallas 1777 [barbary sheep]
G. Arabitragus Ropiquet and Hassanin 2005
+
G. †Bootherium Harlan 1825
+
†Bootherium bombifrons Harlan 1825
+
Invalid names: Bison appalachicolus Rhoads 1895 [synonym], Bootherium brazosis Hesse 1942 [synonym], Bootherium nivicolens Hay 1915 [synonym], Bootherium sargenti Gidley 1908 [synonym], Liops zuniensis Gidley 1906 [synonym], Ovibos cavifrons Leidy 1852 [synonym], Ovibos giganteus Frick 1937 [synonym], Scaphoceros tyrelli Osgood 1905 [synonym], Symbos australis Brown 1908 [synonym], Symbos convexifrons Barbour 1934 [synonym], Symbos promptus Hay 1920 [synonym]
Invalid names: Symbos Osgood 1905 [synonym]
G. †Bouria Vrba 1997
+
†Bouria anngettyae Vrba 1997
G. Budorcas Hodgson 1850 [takin]
+
†Budorcas churcheri Gentry 1996
Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson 1850
G. Capra Linnaeus 1758 [goat]
+
Capra aegagrus Erxleben 1777 [wild goat]
Capra caucasica Güldenstaedt and Pallas 1779
Capra falconeri Wagner 1839
Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758 [domestic goat]
+
Invalid names: Capra mambrica Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Capra ibex Linnaeus 1758 [Alpine ibex]
Capra nubiana Cuvier 1825
†Capra perimensis Lydekker 1878
†Capra primaeva Arambourg 1979
Capra pyrenaica Schinz 1838
Capra sibirica Pallas 1776
†Capra sivalensis Lydekker 1878
+
Capricornis crispus Temminck 1845
+
Invalid names: Capricornis milneedwardsii David 1869 [synonym]
G. Hemitragus Hodgson 1841
+
†Hemitragus cedrensis Crégut-Bonnoure 1989
G. Naemorhaedus Smith 1827
+
Naemorhedus caudatus Milne-Edwards 1867
Naemorhedus goral Hardwicke 1825
Nemorhaedus goral Hardwicke 1825
Invalid names: Caprina Wagner 1844 [synonym], Kemas Ogilby 1837 [synonym], Urotragus Gray 1871 [synonym]
G. Nilgitragus Ropiquet and Hassanin 2005
+
G. Oreamnos Rafinesque 1817 [mountain goat]
+
Oreamnos americanus Blainville 1816
+
Invalid names: Mazama dorsata Rafinesque 1817 [synonym], Ovis montanus Ord 1815 [synonym]
†Oreamnos harringtoni Stock 1936
Invalid names: Aplocerus Hamilton-Smith 1827 [synonym], Haplocerus Wagner 1844 [synonym]
G. Ovibos Blainville 1816 [muskox]
+
Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann 1780 [muskox]
+
Invalid names: Ovibos proximus Bensley 1923 [synonym]
†Ovibos yukonensis Gidley 1908
G. Ovis Linnaeus 1758 [sheep]
+
Ovis ammon Linnaeus 1758 [argali]
Ovis ammon darwini Przewalski 1883
Ovis aries Linnaeus 1758 [domestic sheep]
+
Invalid names: Ovis guineensis Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Ovis strepsiceros Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Ovis burrhel Blyth 1841
Ovis canadensis Shaw 1804 [bighorn sheep]
+
†Ovis canadensis auduboni Merriam 1901
Invalid names: Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw 1804 [synonym], Ovis canadensis cremnobates Elliot 1903 [synonym], Ovis catclawensis Hibbard and Wright 1956 [synonym], Ovis cervina Desmarest 1804 [synonym], Ovis montana Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Ovis pygarus Griffith 1827 [synonym]
Ovis dalli Nelson 1884 [Dall sheep]
†Ovis dorshi Frick 1937
Ovis europea Kerr 1792
Ovis gmelini Blyth 1841 [mouflon]
†Ovis mamillaris Foster 1837
Ovis nivicola Eschscholtz 1829
†Ovis shantungensis Mastumoto 1926
Ovis sheldoni Merriam 1916
Ovis vignei Blyth 1841
Invalid names: Ovis orientalis Gmelin 1774 [nomen nudum]
G. Pantholops Hodgson 1834 [chiru]
+
G. †Protovis Wang et al. 2016
+
†Protovis himalayensis Wang et al. 2016
+
Pseudois nayaur Hodgson 1833
Pseudois schaeferi Haltenorth 1963
G. Rupicapra de Blainville 1816
+
Rupicapra pyrenaica Bonaparte 1845
Rupicapra rupicapra Linnaeus 1758 [chamois]
G. †Sinocapra Chen 1991
+
†Sinocapra willdownsi Mead and Taylor 2005
Tr. Cephalophini Blyth 1863
+
G. Cephalophus Smith 1827 [duiker]
+
Cephalophus adersi Thomas 1918
Cephalophus dorsalis Gray 1849 [bay duiker]
Cephalophus harveyi Thomas 1893
Cephalophus monticola Thunberg 1789 [blue duiker]
Cephalophus ogilby Waterhouse 1838
Cephalophus rubidus Thomas 1901
Cephalophus sylvicultor Afzelius 1815 [yellow-backed duiker]
Cephalophus weynsi Thomas 1901
G. Philantomba Blkyth 1840
+
Philantomba maxwellii Hamilton Smith 1827 [Maxwell's duiker]
Philantomba monticola Thurnburg 1789 [blue duiker]
G. Sylvicapra Ogilby 1837 [duiker]
+
Sylvicapra grimmia Linnaeus 1758 [common duiker]
G. †Etruria Abbazzi et al. 2008
Tr. Hippotragini Sundevall 1845
+
G. Addax Laurillard 1841
+
Addax nasomaculatus de Blainville 1816
G. †Damalacra Gentry 1980
+
†Damalacra acalla Gentry 1980
†Damalacra neanica Gentry 1980
G. Hippotragus Sundevall 1845
+
†Hippotragus bohlini Pilgrim 1939
†Hippotragus brevicornis Pilgrim 1933
†Hippotragus cookei Vrba 1987
†Hippotragus equinus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803 [roan antelope]
†Hippotragus gigas Leakey 1965
†Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas 1766 [bluebuck]
Hippotragus niger Harris 1838 [sable antelope]
†Hippotragus niro Hopwood 1936
†Hippotragus priscus Arambourg 1979
G. Oryx de Blainville 1816 [oryx]
+
Oryx algazel Oken 1816
+
Invalid names: Antilope dammah Cretzschmar 1826 [synonym]
Oryx beisa Rüppell 1835 [East African oryx]
Oryx dammah Cretzschmar 1827
†Oryx eleulmensis Arambourg 1979
Oryx gazella Linnaeus 1758 [gemsbok]
Oryx leucoryx Pallas 1777 [Arabian oryx]
+
Invalid names: Oryx beatrix Gray 1857 [synonym]
†Oryx sivalensis Pilgrim 1939
G. †Praedamalis Dietrich 1950
+
†Praedamalis deturi Dietrich 1950
†Praedamalis howelli Vrba and Gatsey 1994
G. †Saheloryx Geraads et al. 2008
+
†Saheloryx solidus Geraads et al. 2008
G. †Tchadotragus Geraads et al. 2008
+
†Tchadotragus sudrei Geraads et al. 2008
G. †Homoiodorcas Thomas 1981
+
†Homoiodorcas tugenium Thomas 1981
Tr. †Neotragini Sclater and Thomas 1894
+
G. Neotragus Hamilton Smith 1827
+
Neotragus pygmaeus Linnaeus 1758 [royal antelope]
Invalid names: Tragulus Pallas 1767 [synonym], Tragulus Boddaert 1785 [synonym]
G. Oreotragus Smith 1834 [klipspringer]
+
Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann 1783 [klipspringer]
G. †Tyrrhenotragus Thomas 1984
+
†Tyrrhenotragus gracillimus Weithofer 1888
G. †Parantidorcas Arambourg 1979
+
†Parantidorcas latifrons Arambourg 1979
Tr. Reduncini Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
+
G. Kobus Smith 1840
+
†Kobus barbarus Geraads and Amani 1998
†Kobus basilcookei Vrba 2006
Kobus defassa Rüppell 1835 [Defassa waterbuck]
†Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogilby 1833 [waterbuck]
Kobus kob Erxleben 1777 [kob]
†Kobus korotorensis Geraads 2001
†Kobus laticornis Harris 2003
†Kobus leche Gray 1850
Kobus megaceros Fitzinger 1855
†Kobus oricornus Gentry 1985
†Kobus presigmoidalis Harris 2003
†Kobus sigmoidalis Arambourg 1941
†Kobus subdolus Gentry 1980
†Kobus tchadensis Gerrads 2001
Kobus vardoni Livingstone 1857
G. †Menelikia Arambourg 1941
+
†Menelikia leakeyi Harris 1991
†Menelikia lyrocera Arambourg 1941
G. Pelea Gray 1851
+
†Pelea capreolus Forster 1790 [grey rhebok]
G. Redunca Smith 1827 [reedbuck]
+
†Redunca ancystrocera Arambourg 1947
†Redunca arundinum Boddaert 1785 [southern reedbuck]
†Redunca darti Wells and Cooke 1956
†Redunca eulmensis Arambourg 1979
Redunca fulvorufula Afzelius 1815 [mountain reedbuck]
†Redunca khroumirensis Arambourg 1979
Redunca redunca Hamilton Smith 1827 [bohor reedbuck]
G. †Sivacobus Pilgrim 1939
+
†Sivacobus palaeindicus Lydekker 1885
†Sivacobus sankaliai Vrba et al. 2015
Invalid names: Gangicobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Hydaspicobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Indoredunca Pilgrim 1939 [synonym], Sivadenota Pligrim 1939 [synonym], Vishnucobus Pilgrim 1939 [synonym]
G. †Thaleroceros Reck 1935
+
G. †Zephyreduncinus Vrba and Haile-Selassie 2006
+
†Zephyreduncinus oundagaisus Verba and Haile- Selassie 2006
G. †Urmiatherium Rodler 1888
+
†Urmiatherium intermedium Schlosser 1903
†Urmiatherium kassandriensis Lazaridis et al. 2017
†Urmiatherium rugosifrons Sickenberg 1932
Invalid names: Etruria Hurzeler and Engesser 1976 [nomen nudum], Pantholopini [empty], Peleini Gray 1872 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Langhian to the top of the Holocene or 15.97000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma

Collections (1217 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France Antilope cristata (200296)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France (Vaucluse) Gazella deperdita (201497 201500)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Antidorcas sp., Raphicerus sp., Antilopini indet., Connochaetes taurinus, Gazella praethomsoni, Antidorcas australis, Kobus porrecticornis (22229) Damalacra acalla (22232) Damalacra neanica, Parmularius angusticornis (22224) Damaliscus sp., Oreotragus sp., Redunca sp. (22220) Gazella sp. (22228)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Aepyceros sp. (22365 22371) Alcelaphini indet. (22384) Kobus sp. (22385 22399)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Tanzania Alcelaphini indet. (22150)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117Ethiopia Aepyceros sp., Gazella janenschi (22128)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117South Africa Gazella sp., Redunca ancystrocera (22230)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Kenya (Nyanza) Gazella sp. (21339)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Kenya Gazella sp. (22071 22082)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Saudi Arabia Gazella sp. (41818)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Pakistan (Chakwal) Gazella lydekkeri (225195)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Greece (Aegean) Gazella stehlini (182752)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Namibia Homoiodorcas sp. (21855)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Pakistan (Punjab) Gazella lydekkeri (13472)
Middle Miocene - Tortonian15.97 - 7.246Pakistan (Minanwali) Gazella sp. (13489)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya Cephalophini indet. (22320) Homoiodorcas tugenium (22287 22295 22297) Reduncini indet. (22292)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Ukraine (Odessa) Gazella brevicornis (75786)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Ukraine Antilope sp. (75788) Gazella sp. (75789)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya (Central Nyanza) Gazella sp. (21340)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Ukraine (Cherson) Gazella sp., Procapra sp. (60256)