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Trionychia

Reptilia - Testudines

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1890Trionychia Zittel p. 449
1893Trionychia Baur p. 672
1898Trionychia Woodward p. 141
1902Trionychia Hay p. 452
1904Trionychia Osborn p. 100
1908Trionychia Lambe
1911Trionychii Jaekel p. 186
1946Trionychia Kuhn p. 59
1954Trionychia Huene p. 24
2004Trionychia Joyce et al. p. 407
2004Trionychia Joyce et al.
2007Trionychia Joyce
2008Trionychia Danilov and Parham
2013Trionychia Hirayama et al. p. 181
2019Trionychia Kato et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
suborderTrionychia
suborderTrionychia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Trionychia
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Unr. Carettochelyidae Gill 1889
+
G. †Akrochelys Bergounioux 1935
+
†Akrochelys neuvillei Bergounioux 1935
G. †Anosteira Leidy 1871
+
†Anosteira crowcreekensis Hutchison and Westgate 2024
†Anosteira manchuriana Zangerl 1947
†Anosteira maomingensis Chow and Liu 1955
†Anosteira mongoliensis Gilmore 1931
+
Invalid names: Anosteira shantungensis Cheng 1961 [synonym]
†Anosteira ornata Leidy 1871
†Anosteira pulchra Clark 1932
†Anosteira radulina Cope 1872
†Anosteira shuvalovi Chkhikvadze 1979
Subfm. †Anosteirinae Lydekker 1889
+
G. †Kyzilkumemys Nesov 1977
G. †Pseudanosteira Clark 1932
G. †Pseudotrionyx Dollo 1886
Unr. †Carettochelyinae Boulenger 1887
+
Tr. †Allaeochelyini Godinot et al. 2018
+
G. †Allaeochelys Noulet 1867
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†Allaeochelys crassesculpta Harrassowitz 1922
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Invalid names: Anosteira gracilis Harrassowitz 1922 [synonym]
†Allaeochelys delheidi Dollo 1886
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Invalid names: Allaeochelys casasecai Jimenez Fuentes 1971 [synonym], Allaeochelys jimenezi Alonso Santiago and Alonso Andrés 2005 [synonym], Anosteira anglica Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
Allaeochelys libyca Havlik et al. 2014
†Allaeochelys lingnanica Young and Chow 1962
†Allaeochelys magnifica Hutchison et al. 2004
†Allaeochelys parayrei Noulet 1867
+
Invalid names: Allaeochelys nouleti Bergounioux 1931 [synonym], Castresia munieri De Stefano 1902 [synonym]
†Allaeochelys rouzilhacensis Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Eulalichelys Godinot et al. 2018
+
†Eulalichelys labarrerei Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Burmemys Hutchison et al. 2004
G. †Hemichelys Lydekker 1887
G. Carettochelys Ramsay 1886 [pig-nose turtle]
+
Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay 1886 [Pignose turtle]
†Carettochelys niahensis White et al. 2023
G. †Kizylkumemys Nessov 1977
+
†Kizylkumemys khoratensis Tong et al. 2005
†Kizylkumemys schultzi Nessov 1977
Invalid names: Kizylkumemys schultzi mirabilis Nessov 1981 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pseudanosteira Clark 1932
Invalid names: Allaeochelyinae Bergounioux 1952 [empty], Anosteira radulina Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Apholidemys granosa Pomel 1847 [nomen nudum], Apholidemys sublaevis Pomel 1847 [nomen nudum], Chorlakkichelys de Broin 1987 [nomen dubium], Chorlakkichelys shahi de Broin 1987 [nomen dubium]
G. †Kappachelys Hirayama et al. 2013
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†Kappachelys okurai Hirayama et al. 2013
Unr. †Pantrionychidae Joyce et al. 2004
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G. †Drazinderetes Head et al. 1999
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†Drazinderetes tethyensis Head et al. 1999
G. †Khunnuchelys Brinkman et al. 1993
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†Khunnuchelys erinhotensis Brinkman et al. 1993
†Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis Brinkman et al. 1993
†Khunnuchelys lophorhothon Danilov et al. 2015
G. †Murgonemys White 2001
+
Unr. †Plastomenidae Hay 1902
+
G. †Aspideretoides Gardner et al. 1995
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†Aspideretoides allani Gilmore 1923
†Aspideretoides robertemryi Chkhikvadze 2008
†Aspideretoides superstes Russell 1930
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Invalid names: Atoposemys entopteros Hutchison 2013 [synonym]
G. †Atoposemys Hutchison 2013
G. †Gilmoremys Joyce and Lyson 2011
+
†Gilmoremys gettyspherensis Joyce et al. 2018
†Gilmoremys lancensis Gilmore 1916
G. †Jimemys Edgar et al. 2022
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†Jimemys glaebosus Edgar et al. 2022
Unr. †Plastomenini Jasinski et al. 2022
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G. †Helopanoplia Hay 1908
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G. †Hutchemys Joyce et al. 2009
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†Hutchemys acupictus Hay 1907
†Hutchemys arctochelys Joyce et al. 2009
†Hutchemys rememdium Joyce et al. 2009
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Invalid names: Plastomenoides lamberti Hutchison 2009 [synonym]
†Hutchemys sterea Hutchison 2009
†Hutchemys tetanetron Hutchison 2009
†Hutchemys walkerorum Jasinski et al. 2022
Invalid names: Aspideretes nassau Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Derrisemys Hutchison 2009 [synonym], Plastomenoides Hutchison 2009 [synonym]
G. †Plastomenus Cope 1873
+
†Plastomenus joycei Lyson et al. 2021
†Plastomenus thomasii Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Plastomenus tantillus Hay 1908 [synonym], Plastomenus visendus Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Plastomenus vegetus Gilmore 1919
Invalid names: Amyda egregia Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Amyda salebrosa Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Anostira molopina Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Anostira oedemia Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Anostira trionychoides Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes amnigenus Hay 1910 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes perplexus Gilmore 1919 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus catenatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus coalescens Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus communis Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus corrugatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus costatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus fractus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus insignis Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus lachrymalis Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus multifoveatus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus punctulatus Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus serialis Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus torrejonensis Gilmore 1919 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis amnicola Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis antiqua Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis trepida Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Procyclanorbis sardus Portis 1901 [nomen dubium], Trionyx buiei Cope 1870 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cariosus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cellulosus Cope 1868 [nomen dubium], Trionyx concentricus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Trionyx guttatus Leidy 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx halophilus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx heteroglyptus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Trionyx leptomitus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pennatus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx priscus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx punctiger Cope 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx quinni Holman 1982 [nomen dubium], Trionyx radulus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx vagans Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ventricosus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Trionyx virginiana Clark 1895 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. Hirayama et al. 2013Anterior medial process of frontals absent; processus trochlearis oticum includes a substantial contribution from the parietal; dentary pocket present; high coronoid process located near middle of mandible; large processus retroarticularis on mandible; second to seventh cervicals opisthocoelous; last cervical opisthocoelous; prominent pitted or vermiculate shell sculpture (Hirayama 2000, 2005).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: freshwatersubo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: aquaticsubo
Diet: omnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparoussubo
Created: 2005-08-26 14:49:00
Modified: 2005-08-26 16:49:00
Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Uetz 2005

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 129.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.45 Ma

Collections (370 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Japan (Fukui) Testudinata indet. (207793)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Udon Thani) Kizylkumemys sp. (140552)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Kalasin) Kizylkumemys sp. (84443)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Japan (Fukui) Testudinata indet. (207791)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) Kizylkumemys khoratensis (99337)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Japan (Ishikawa) Kappachelys okurai (133613)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Guangxi) Kizylkumemys sp. (24901 228852)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Laos (Savannakhet) Carettochelyidae indet. (45092 118323)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Thailand (Ubon Ratchathani) Kizylkumemys khoratensis (52346)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) Kizylkumemys khoratensis (48875)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian105.3 - 93.9Uzbekistan (Navoi) Kizylkumemys schultzi (58471)
Cenomanian - Santonian100.5 - 83.6Mongolia (Omnogov) Anosteira shuvalovi (67974)
Cenomanian - Santonian100.5 - 83.6Mongolia (Dornogov) Kizylkumemys schultzi (118167)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Amyda halophila (131936) Trionyx priscus (129263)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) Kizylkumemys schultzi (58490 64689)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Uzbekistan (Navoi) Kizylkumemys schultzi (58208 64685)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Japan (Iwate) Carettochelyidae indet. (165694)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) Carettochelyidae indet. (59698)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan Carettochelyidae indet. (58596)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan (Navoi) Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis (58167 58168) Trionychidae indet. (75943)