PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Tribosphenida

Mammalia

Taxonomy

Tribosphenida was named by McKenna (1975). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Wang et al. (1998), Panciroli et al. (2018).

It was reranked as the infraclass Tribosphenida by McKenna (1975); it was reranked as the order Tribosphenida by Sigogneau-Russell (1992); it was reranked as the subclass Tribosphenida by Sweetman et al. (2017), Panciroli et al. (2018).

It was assigned to Cladotheria by Wang et al. (1998); to Mammalia by Flynn et al. (1999); to Boreosphenida by Luo et al. (2001); to Zatheria by McKenna (1975), Prothero (1981), Averianov et al. (2015), Panciroli et al. (2018); and to Mammalia by Sigogneau-Russell (1992), Cifelli (1993), Sweetman et al. (2017), Flannery et al. (2022).

Synonyms

Potamotelsidae was named by Nessov (1987). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Boreosphenida by Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Trituberculata by McKenna and Bell (1997).
Boreosphenida was named by Luo et al. (2001). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Rougier et al. (2007).

It was synonymized objectively with Tribosphenida by Rougier et al. (2007); it was reranked as the unranked clade Boreosphenida by Luo et al. (2003), Luo et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Holotheria by Luo et al. (2001); to Mammalia by Luo et al. (2003); and to Cladotheria by Luo et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1975	Tribosphenida McKenna p. 40
1981	Tribosphenida Prothero p. 321
1987	Potamotelsidae Nessov
1992	Tribosphenida Sigogneau-Russell p. 390
1993	Tribosphenida Cifelli p. 9413
1997	Potamotelsidae McKenna and Bell
1998	Tribosphenida Wang et al.
1999	Tribosphenida Flynn et al. p. 58
2001	Boreosphenida Luo et al. p. 56
2001	Tribosphenida Luo et al. p. 56
2003	Boreosphenida Luo et al. p. 1938
2011	Boreosphenida Luo et al. p. 444
2015	Tribosphenida Averianov et al.
2017	Tribosphenida Sweetman et al.
2018	Tribosphenida Panciroli et al.
2022	Tribosphenida Flannery et al. pp. 4-5

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Tribosphenida	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Tribosphenida McKenna 1975

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G. †Ambondro Flynn et al. 1999

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†Ambondro mahabo Flynn et al. 1999

G. †Argaliatherium Cifelli and Davis 2015

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†Argaliatherium robustum Cifelli and Davis 2015

Fm. †Ausktribosphenidae Rich et al. 1997

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G. †Ausktribosphenos Rich et al. 1997

†Ausktribosphenos nyktos Rich et al. 1997

G. †Kryoparvus Rich et al. 2020

†Kryoparvus gerriti Rich et al. 2020

Fm. †Bishopidae Flannery et al. 2022

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G. †Bishops Rich et al. 2001

†Bishops whitmorei Rich et al. 2001

G. †Brasilestes Castro et al. 2018

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†Brasilestes stardusti Castro et al. 2018

G. †Carinalestes Cifelli and Davis 2015

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†Carinalestes murensis Cifelli and Davis 2015

G. †Culicolestes Cifelli et al. 2016

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†Culicolestes kielanae Cifelli et al. 2016

Fm. †Henosferidae Rougier et al. 2007

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G. †Asfaltomylos Rauhut et al. 2002

†Asfaltomylos patagonicus Rauhut et al. 2002

G. †Henosferus Rougier et al. 2007

†Henosferus molus Rougier et al. 2007

G. †Idiogenomys Ostrander 1983

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†Idiogenomys ozziei Ostrander 1983

Fm. †Kermackiidae Butler 1978

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G. †Kermackia Slaughter 1971

†Kermackia texana Slaughter 1971

Invalid names: Trinititherium slaughteri Butler 1978 [synonym]

Invalid names: Trinititherium Butler 1978 [synonym]

G. †Kielantherium Dashzeveg 1975

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†Kielantherium gobiensis Dashzeveg 1975

G. †Potamotelses Fox 1972

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†Potamotelses aquilensis Fox 1972

Invalid names: Boreosphenida Luo et al. 2001 [objective synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

1374.7 kgs

Minimum body mass:

3 gs

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialuc

Diet:

insectivoreuc

Created:

2005-09-06 19:53:51

Modified:

2005-09-07 19:44:02

Source: s = species, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Hendy et al. 2009, Benton 1996, Dozo 1989, Luo et al. 2003, Legendre 1988, Carroll 1988, Cifelli and Villarroel 1997, Johnson and Madden 1997, Hopson 1973

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Longobardian to the top of the Holocene or 242.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 235.0 Ma

Collections (22736 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Longobardian	242.0 - 235.0	Spain (Alicante)	Theria sp. (202238)
Rhaetian	208.5 - 201.3	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Pantotheria indet. G2 (194663)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	Argentina (Chubut)	Henosferus molus, Asfaltomylos patagonicus (67434)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	Madagascar (Mahajunga)	Ambondro mahabo (92151)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Eupantotheria indet. (139746)
Early/Lower Bathonian	167.7 - 164.7	United Kingdom (England)	Eupantotheria indet. (31054)
Late/Upper Bathonian	167.7 - 164.7	United Kingdom (England)	Eupantotheria indet. (39075 57124)
Late/Upper Bathonian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	167.7 - 150.8	China (Liaoning)	Juramaia sp. (92421)
Oxfordian	163.5 - 157.3	China (Liaoning)	Juramaia sinensis (114842)
Kimmeridgian	157.3 - 152.1	Turkey	Labes atramentosa (173369)
Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian	157.3 - 145.0	Romania	Labes atramentosa (201710 201711)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	157.3 - 145.0	USA (Wyoming)	Enneodon crassus, Enneodon affinis (12816) Eupantotheria indet. (55333)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	155.7 - 150.8	Bulgaria	Labes atramentosa (215208)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	USA (Utah)	Theria indet. (57913)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	Tanzania (Lindi)	Brancatherulum tendagurense (131075)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	USA (Wyoming)	Theria indet. (39427)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	Turkey	Labes atramentosa (173370)
Late/Upper Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	Italy	Labes atramentosa (196863)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian	150.8 - 140.2	Morocco (Figuig)	Tribotherium africanum, Hypomylos micros, Hypomylos phelizoni (204936)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian	150.8 - 140.2	Morocco (Oriental)	Tribotherium africanum, Hypomylos sp., Hypomylos micros, Hypomylos phelizoni, Tribotheria indet. (45726)