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Galeomorphi

Chondrichthyes

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1973Galeomorphii Compagno
1984Selachimorpha Nelson
2002Galeomorphii Sepkoski
2003Galeomorphii Delsate p. 8
2007Galeomorphii Kriwet et al.
2009Galeomorphii Kriwet et al. p. 320
2011Galeomorphi Long p. 242
2016Galeomorphi Nelson et al. p. 58
2018Selachimorpha Kent p. 55
2018Galeomorphi Kent p. 62
2019Galeomorphi van der Laan p. 40
2022Galeomorphi Cicimurri et al.
2024Galeomorphi Ebersole et al. p. 4
2025Galeomorphi Cicimurri et al. p. 8

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
RankNameAuthor
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
subclassEuselachii()
infraclassElasmobranchii(Bonaparte 1838)
superorderGaleomorphi
superorderGaleomorphi

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. †Galeomorphi
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G. †Coquanodon Greenfield 2025
+
†Coquanodon condamyi Coquand 1859
Invalid names: Orthodon Coquand 1859 [replaced]
G. †Erquitaia Cappetta 1989
G. †Heckelodes Greenfield 2025
+
†Heckelodes priscus Heckel 1854
Invalid names: Galeodes Heckel 1854 [replaced]
Or. Heterodontiformes Berg 1940 [bullhead shark]
+
Fm. Heterodontidae Gray 1851
+
G. †Acrodonchus Fraas 1889
G. †Amacanthus St John and Worthen 1875
+
†Amacanthus gibbosus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Centracion Gray 1831
G. †Centrodus Giebel 1848
G. †Chalazacanthus Davis 1883
G. †Drepanephorus Egerton 1872
G. †Echinodus Davis 1884
G. Heterodontus de Blainville 1816 [bullhead shark]
+
†Heterodontus boussioni Guinot et al. 2013
†Heterodontus cainozoicus Pledge 1985
†Heterodontus canaliculatus Egerton and Woodward 1889
+
Invalid names: Acrodus cretaceus Dixon 1850 [synonym]
†Heterodontus carerens Kriwet 1999
†Heterodontus creamridgensis Case et al. 2001
†Heterodontus duffini Thies 1983
†Heterodontus granti Case and Cappetta 1997
†Heterodontus havreensis Herman 1977
†Heterodontus laevis Guinot et al. 2013
†Heterodontus lerichei Casier 1943
†Heterodontus lonzeensis Herman 1977
†Heterodontus paucicarinatus Landemaine 1991
Heterodontus philippi Bloch and Schneider 1801
†Heterodontus pineti Fedorowski 1912
Heterodontus portujacksoni Meyer 1793 [Port Jackson shark]
†Heterodontus rugosus Agassiz 1839
†Heterodontus semirugosus Plieninger 1847
†Heterodontus sulcatus Woodward 1889
†Heterodontus upnikensis Dalinkevičius 1935
†Heterodontus vincenti Leriche 1905
†Heterodontus wardensis Cassier 1966
Invalid names: Cestracion Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Gyropleurodus Gill 1862 [synonym], Heterodontobatis Landemaine 1991 [synonym], Tropidodus Gill 1862 [synonym]
G. †Hoplonchus Davis 1876
+
†Hoplonchus elegans Davis 1876
†Hoplonchus parvulus Newberry 1875
G. †Hybodopsis Barkas 1878
G. †Lepracanthus Agassiz 1843
+
†Lepracanthus colei Owen 1869
G. †Lispacanthus Davis 1883
+
G. †Paracestracion Koken in Zittel 1911
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†Paracestracion bellis Underwood and Ward 2004
†Paracestracion falcifer Wagner 1857
†Paracestracion pectinatus Guinot et al. 2014
†Paracestracion viohli Kriwet 2008
G. †Proheterodontus Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Proheterodontus sylvestris Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Psilacanthus Quenstedt 1858
G. †Selachidea Quenstedt 1852
G. †Strongyliscus Jordan 1925
+
†Strongyliscus robustus Jordan 1925
Invalid names: Hybodontoidei Owen 1846 [empty]
G. †Hypsobatis Cappetta 1992
Or. Orectolobiformes Applegate 1972 [carpet shark]
+
G. †Akaimia Rees 2010
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†Akaimia altucuspis Rees 2010
G. †Annea Thies 1983
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†Annea carinata Thies 1983
†Annea maubeugei Delsate and Thies 1995
+
G. Crossorhinus Muller and Henle 1841
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†Crossorhinus jurassicus Woodward 1919
G. †Dorsetoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
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†Dorsetoscyllium belbekensis Trikolidi 2024
†Dorsetoscyllium terreafullonicum Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Garrigascyllium Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Garrigascyllium aganticensis Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Heterophorcynus Underwood and Ward 2004
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†Heterophorcynus microdon Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Magistrauia Guinot et al. 2014
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†Magistrauia unicaplicata Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Mesiteia Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1885
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†Mesiteia daimeriesi Herman 1971
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Invalid names: Rhina minuta Daimeries 1888 [replaced]
†Mesiteia emiliae Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1886
†Mesiteia humboldtii Reuss 1845
†Mesiteia ypresiensis Casier 1946
Subor. Orectoloboidei Applegate 1974
+
Fm. †Brachaeluridae Applegate 1972
+
G. Brachaelurus Ogilby 1906
+
†Brachaelurus estesi Herman 1977
†Brachaelurus hornerstownensis Case et al. 2001
G. †Eostegostoma Herman and Crochard 1977
G. †Paraginglymostoma Herman 1982
+
Fm. Ginglymostomatidae Gill 1862 [nurse shark]
+
G. †Cantioscyllium Woodward 1889
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†Cantioscyllium alhaulfi Kriwet 1999
†Cantioscyllium brachyplicatum Kriwet et al. 2009
†Cantioscyllium clementsi Case et al. 2019
†Cantioscyllium decipiens Woodward 1889
†Cantioscyllium grandis Cicimurri et al. 2014
†Cantioscyllium meyeri Case and Cappetta 1997
G. †Delpitoscyllium Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
+
†Delpitoscyllium africanum Leriche 1927
†Delpitoscyllium planum Davis 1890
G. †Ganntouria Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
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†Ganntouria variabilis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. Ginglymostoma Müller and Henle 1838
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†Ginglymostoma angolense Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Ginglymostoma botmaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma chenanei Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma cuspidata Case et al. 2001
†Ginglymostoma delfortriei Daimeries 1889
†Ginglymostoma erramii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma khouribgaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma lithuanica Dalinkevičius 1935
†Ginglymostoma malembeense Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Ginglymostoma maroccanum Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma pectinatum Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma serra Leidy 1877
+
Invalid names: Acrodobatis obliquus Leidy 1877 [synonym]
†Ginglymostoma subafricanum Arambourg 1952
†Ginglymostoma thielensi Winkler 1874
Invalid names: Acrodobatis Leidy 1877 [synonym]
G. †Hologinglymostoma Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
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†Hologinglymostoma jaegeri Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. Nebrius Rüppell 1837
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†Nebrius bequaerti Leriche 1919
†Nebrius concolor Ruppel 1837
Nebrius ferrugineus Lesson 1831
†Nebrius obliquus Leidy 1877
+
Invalid names: Ginglymostoma blanckenhorni Stromer 1903 [synonym], Ginglymostoma fourtaui Priem 1905 [synonym]
G. †Plicatoscyllium Case and Cappetta 1997
+
†Plicatoscyllium antiquum Case and Cappetta 1997
†Plicatoscyllium derameei Case and Cappetta 1997
†Plicatoscyllium gharbii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Plicatoscyllium globidens Cappetta and Case 1975
†Plicatoscyllium lehneri Leriche 1938
+
Invalid names: Ginglymostoma rugosum Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [synonym]
†Plicatoscyllium youssoufiaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Protoginglymostoma Herman and Crochard 1977
+
G. Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus 1986
+
†Pseudoginglymostoma erguitaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Pseudoginglymostoma idiri Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
Fm. Hemiscylliidae Gill 1862
+
G. †Acanthoscyllium Cappetta 1980
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†Acanthoscyllium sahelalmae Pictet and Humbert 1866
G. †Adnetoscyllium Guinot et al. 2013
+
†Adnetoscyllium angloparisensis Guinot et al. 2013
G. †Almascyllium Cappetta 1980
+
†Almascyllium cheikheliasi Signeux 1949
G. Chiloscyllium Müller and Henle 1837
+
†Chiloscyllium frequens Guinot et al. 2013
†Chiloscyllium greeni Cappetta 1973
†Chiloscyllium meraense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Chiloscyllium mereretiae Werner 1989
†Chiloscyllium salvani Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Chiloscyllium vulloi Guinot et al. 2013
G. †Cirrhoscyllium Smith 1913
G. †Folipistrix Kriwet 2003
+
†Folipistrix digitulus Kriwet 2003
G. Hemiscyllium Smith 1837
+
†Hemiscyllium hermani Müller 1989
†Hemiscyllium ocellatus Bonaterre 1788
G. †Palaeobrachaelurus Thies 1983
+
†Palaeobrachaelurus mitchelli Underwood 2004
†Palaeobrachaelurus mussetti Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Pseudospinax Müller and Diedrich 1991
+
†Pseudospinax heterodon Underwood and Mitchell 1999
†Pseudospinax muftius Thies 1983
†Pseudospinax pusillus Müller and Diedrich 1991
Fm. Orectolobidae Jordan and Fowler 1903 [wobbegong]
+
G. †Cederstroemia Siverson 1995
+
†Cederstroemia havreensis Herman 1977
†Cederstroemia nilsi Siverson 1995
†Cederstroemia siverssoni Guinot et al. 2013
†Cederstroemia triangulata Siverson 1995
†Cederstroemia ziaensis Bourdon et al. 2011
G. †Cirriscyllium Ogilby 1908
G. †Columbusia Case et al. 2001
+
†Columbusia deblieuxi Kirkland et al. 2013
†Columbusia fragilis Case et al. 2001
†Columbusia roessingi Case 1987
G. †Cretorectolobus Case 1978
+
†Cretorectolobus doylei Underwood et al. 1999
†Cretorectolobus gracilis Underwood and Mitchell 1999
†Cretorectolobus robustus Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
G. †Eometlaouia Noubhani and Cappetta 2002
+
†Eometlaouia numidica Arambourg 1952
Invalid names: Metlaouia Noubhani and Cappetta 1997 [replaced]
G. †Eucrossorhinus Regan 1908
+
G. †Gryphodobatis Leidy 1877
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†Gryphodobatis uncus Leidy 1877
G. †Heteroscyllium Regan 1908
G. †Orectoloboides Cappetta 1977
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†Orectoloboides angulatus Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
†Orectoloboides parvulus Dalinkevičius 1935
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Orectolobus ziegenhinei Cappetta and Case 2016
G. †Restesia Cook et al. 2014
+
†Restesia americana Estes 1964
†Restesia monocuspilatus Wynd et al. 2020
G. †Squatiscyllium Cappetta 1980
+
†Squatiscyllium casieri Arambourg 1952
G. †Synchismus Gill 1861
Invalid names: Nebriinae [empty]
Fm. Rhincodontidae Müller and Henle 1839 [whale shark]
+
G. Rhincodon Smith 1829 [whale shark]
+
Rhincodon typus Smith 1828
Fm. †Stegostomatidae Gill 1862
+
G. Stegostoma Mueller and Henle 1838
+
†Stegostoma tethysiensis Adnet et al. 2020
Invalid names: Hemiscyllioidea Naylor 2012 [empty], Orectoloboidea Maylor 2012 [empty]
G. †Ornatoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Ornatoscyllium freemani Underwood and Ward 2004
†Ornatoscyllium rugasimulatum Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Parahemiscyllium Guinot et al. 2014
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†Parahemiscyllium underwoodwardi Guinot et al. 2014
+
Fm. Parascylliidae Gill 1862 [collared carpetshark]
+
G. †Pararhincodon Herman 1977
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†Pararhincodon crochardi Herman 1977
†Pararhincodon germaini Adnet 2006
†Pararhincodon lehmani Cappetta 1980
†Pararhincodon ornatus Guinot et al. 2013
†Pararhincodon torquis Dearden et al. 2025
G. †Parasquatina Herman 1982
+
†Parasquatina cappettai Herman 1982
†Parasquatina jarvisi Guinot et al. 2012
†Parasquatina justinensis Guinot et al. 2012
†Parasquatina zitteli Pollerspöck and Beaury 2014
Fm. †Phorcynidae Herman and van Waes 2014
+
G. †Phorcynis Thiollière 1854
Fm. †Rhinocodontidae Garman 1913
+
G. †Palaeorhincodon Herman 1975
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†Palaeorhincodon daouii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeorhincodon dartevellei Arambourg 1952
Invalid names: Palaeocarcharidae [empty]
G. †Rajorhina Jaekel 1894
G. †Reifia Duffin 1980
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†Reifia minuta Duffin 1980
Or. †Synechodontiformes Duffin and Ward 1993
+
G. †Keichouodus Li et al. 2022
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†Keichouodus nimaiguensis Li et al. 2022
G. †Mucrovenator Cuny et al. 2001
+
†Mucrovenator minimus Cuny et al. 2001
Fm. †Palaeospinacidae Regan 1906
+
G. †Antrigoulia Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Antrigoulia circumplicata Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Macrourogaleus Fowler 1947
+
†Macrourogaleus hassei Woodward 1889
G. †Nemacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
†Nemacanthus bosnensis Katzer 1916
†Nemacanthus elegans Evans 1904
†Nemacanthus filifer Agassiz 1836
†Nemacanthus minor Davis 1881
†Nemacanthus monilifer Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Desmacanthus cloacinus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
†Nemacanthus speciosus Winckler 1861
Invalid names: Desmacanthus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
G. †Palidiplospinax Klug and Kriwet 2008
+
†Palidiplospinax enniskilleni Duffin and Ward 1993
†Palidiplospinax occultidens Duffin and Ward 1993
G. †Paraorthacodus Glikman 1957
+
+
Invalid names: Synechodus striatus Case 1978 [synonym]
†Paraorthacodus arduennae Delsate 2001
†Paraorthacodus conicus Davis 1890
+
Invalid names: Paraorthacodus nerviensis Leriche 1929 [synonym]
†Paraorthacodus eocaenus Leriche 1902
+
Invalid names: Paraorthacodus turgaicus Glikman 1964 [synonym]
†Paraorthacodus jurensis Schweizer 1964
†Paraorthacodus recurvus Trautschold 1877
†Paraorthacodus rossi Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
+
†Synechodus antiquus Ivanov 2005
†Synechodus clarki Eastman 1901
†Synechodus dereki Cappetta et al. 2019
†Synechodus dubrisiensis Mackie 1863
+
Invalid names: Synechodus michaeli Thies 1981 [synonym]
†Synechodus duffini Underwood and Ward 2004
†Synechodus egertoni Woodward 1889
†Synechodus faxensis Davis 1890
†Synechodus filipi Siversson et al. 2015
†Synechodus incrementum Johns 1997
†Synechodus kessleri Sokolskyi and Guinot 2021
†Synechodus lerichei Herman 1977
†Synechodus levis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus nitidus Woodward 1912
†Synechodus paludinensis Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus plicatus Underwood 2002
†Synechodus prorogatus Kriwet 2003
†Synechodus rhaeticus Duffin 1982
†Synechodus riegrafi Thies 1983
†Synechodus rotheliusi Saugen et al. 2025
†Synechodus seinstedtensis Thies et al. 2014
†Synechodus streitzi Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus subulatus Rogovich 1861
†Synechodus subulatus Leriche 1951
†Synechodus sulcatus Davis 1888
†Synechodus tenuis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus triangulus Yamagishi 2004
†Synechodus turneri Case 1987
†Synechodus ungeri Klug 2009
†Synechodus validus Chapman 1918
†Synechodus volaticus Johns 1997
Invalid names: Hybodus bronnii Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Palaeospinax Egerton 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeospinax priscus Agassiz 1838 [nomen dubium], Paraorthacodidae Klug 2010 [synonym]
G. †Parascylloides Thies et al. 2014
+
†Parascylloides turnerae Thies et al. 2014
G. †Polyfaciodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Polyfaciodus pandus Koot and Cuny 2014
Fm. †Pseudonotidanidae Underwood and Ward 2004
+
G. †Pseudonotidanus Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Pseudonotidanus semirugosus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Pseudonotidanus terencei Delsate and Godefroit 1995
G. †Welcommia Cappetta 1990
+
†Welcommia bodeuri Cappetta 1990
G. †Rhomphaiodon Duffin 1993
+
†Rhomphaiodon minor Agassiz 1837
†Rhomphaiodon nicolensis Duffin 1993
G. †Safrodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Safrodus tozeri Koot and Cuny 2014
G. †Wimanodon Saugen et al. 2025
+
†Wimanodon marmieri Saugen et al. 2025
G. †Youssoubatis Cappetta 1992
Invalid names: Selachimorpha Nelson 1984 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: nektonicc
Diet: carnivorec
Created: 2004-08-17 13:49:23
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:31:01
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Mississippian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 358.86000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 323.4 Ma

Collections (884 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4United Kingdom Lispacanthus retrogradus (137333)
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1Russian Federation (Chelyabinsk) Synechodus antiquus (90288)
Artinskian290.1 - 283.3Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) Synechodus antiquus (90289)
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Oman Nemacanthus sp. (140660)
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5Oman Polyfaciodus pandus (173262)
Dienerian250.5 - 249.9Türkiye Palaeospinax sp. (120900)
Smithian249.9 - 248.1Russian Federation Synechodus sp. (149342)
Smithian249.9 - 248.1USA (Idaho) Cosmacanthus elegans (136684)
Smithian249.9 - 248.1Oman Safrodus tozeri (173261) Safrodus tozeri, Polyfaciodus pandus (73249)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7China (Guangxi) Safrodus tozeri, Polyfaciodus pandus (230317) Synechodus triangulus (230316)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Russian Federation Synechodus sp. (149340)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Japan (Ehime) Synechodus sp. (148441 148442 148443 148444 148445 148446 148447 148448 148449 148450 148451 148452 148453 148454 148455)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7USA (Idaho) Cosmacanthus elegans (33319)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Oman Polyfaciodus pandus (173260) Safrodus tozeri (173256 173259) Safrodus tozeri, Polyfaciodus pandus (73215 73229 173257 173258)
Spathian248.1 - 246.7Svalbard and Jan Mayen Nemacanthus sp., Synechodontiformes indet. 1, Synechodontiformes indet. 2, Synechodus incrementum, Synechodus rotheliusi, Wimanodon marmieri (196857)
Anisian246.7 - 241.464Russian Federation Synechodus sp. (149341)
Anisian246.7 - 241.464Japan (Ehime) Synechodus sp. (148432 148434 148437 148438) Synechodus sp., Synechodus triangulus (148433 148436 148439 148440)
Anisian - Carnian246.7 - 227.3Zambia (Eastern) Hybodontoidei indet. (151894)
Bithynian244.99 - 244.24USA (Nevada) Palaeospinax sp., Mucrovenator minimus (93564)
Bithynian244.99 - 244.24Poland Palaeospinax sp. (149689) Reifia minuta (149691)