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Siricoidea

Insecta - Hymenoptera

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1820Siricoidea Billberg p. 98
2004Siricoidea Rasnitsyn and Zhang p. 13
2011Siricoidea Heraty et al.
2015Siricoidea Archibald and Rasnitsyn

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaGravenhorst 1843
—Deuteropoda
—Mandibulata
—PancrustaceaZrzavý and Štys 1997
—AltocrustaceaRegier et al. 2010
superclassAllotriocarida
—Athalassocarida
—LabiocaridaSchwentner et al. 2017
RankNameAuthor
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
—Cercofilata
classInsecta
—Dicondylia
—Paranotalia
subclassPterygota()
—NeopterygotaCrampton 1924
infraclassNeopteraMartynov 1923
—Holometabola
—Hymenopterida
orderHymenoptera
—Unicalcarida
superfamilySiricoidea
superfamilySiricoidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Siricoidea Billberg 1820
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Fm. Anaxyelidae Martynov 1925
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Subfm. †Anaxyelinae Martynov 1925
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G. †Anasyntexis Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Anasyntexis strophandra Rasnitsyn 1968
G. †Anaxyela Martynov 1925
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†Anaxyela destructa Rasnitsyn 1969
†Anaxyela gracilis Martynov 1925
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Invalid names: Anaxyela martynovi Cockerell 1928 [synonym]
†Anaxyela nana Rasnitsyn 1968
†Anaxyela parvula Rasnitsyn 1963
G. †Brachysyntexis Rasnitsyn 1969
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†Brachysyntexis acuta Kopylov et al. 2020
†Brachysyntexis brachyura Rasnitsyn 1968
†Brachysyntexis brevicornis Kopylov et al. 2020
†Brachysyntexis laticella Kopylov et al. 2020
†Brachysyntexis micrura Rasnitsyn 1969
†Brachysyntexis minuta Kopylov et al. 2020
†Brachysyntexis nova Rasnitsyn 1969
†Brachysyntexis robusta Zhang and Rasnitsyn 2006
†Brachysyntexis rohweri Kopylov et al. 2020
†Brachysyntexis sinensis Kopylov et al. 2020
†Brachysyntexis tenebrosa Kopylov 2018
†Brachysyntexis tigris Kopylov 2018
G. †Dolichostigma Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Dolichostigma tenuipes Rasnitsyn 1968
G. †Kempendaja Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Kempendaja jacutensis Rasnitsyn 1968
G. †Kulbastavia Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Kulbastavia grandis Kopylov 2018
†Kulbastavia macrura Rasnitsyn 1963
G. †Mangus Kopylov 2019
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†Mangus magnus Kopylov 2019
G. †Sphenosyntexis Rasnitsyn 1969
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†Sphenosyntexis antonovi Rasnitsyn 1963
†Sphenosyntexis pallicornis Rasnitsyn 1969
G. †Syntexyela Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Syntexyela asiatica Rasnitsyn 1968
†Syntexyela continentalis Zhang and Rasnitsyn 2006
†Syntexyela gracilicornis Rasnitsyn 1968
†Syntexyela inversa Rasnitsyn 1968
†Syntexyela media Rasnitsyn 1963
G. †Urosyntexis Rasnitsyn 1969
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†Urosyntexis depressa Rasnitsyn 1969
†Urosyntexis drepanura Rasnitsyn 1968
†Urosyntexis magna Rasnitsyn 1968
†Urosyntexis undosa Kopylov 2019
Invalid names: Dolichostigmatinae Rasnitsyn 1968 [synonym], Kempendajinae Rasnitsyn 1980 [synonym]
Subfm. Syntexinae Benson 1935
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G. †Cretosyntexis Rasnitsyn and Martínez-Delclòs 2000
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†Cretosyntexis montsecensis Rasnitsyn and Martínez-Delclòs 2000
G. †Curiosyntexis Kopylov 2019
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†Curiosyntexis magadanicus Kopylov 2019
G. †Curvitexis Jouault et al. 2022
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†Curvitexis kopylovi Jouault et al. 2022
G. †Daosyntexis Kopylov et al. 2020
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†Daosyntexis primus Kopylov et al. 2020
G. †Dolichosyntexis Kopylov 2019
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G. †Eosyntexis Rasnitsyn 1990
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†Eosyntexis catalonicus Rasnitsyn and Martínez-Delclòs 2000
†Eosyntexis conflata Li et al. 2024
†Eosyntexis parva Ortega-Blanco et al. 2008
†Eosyntexis senilis Rasnitsyn 1990
†Eosyntexis tuffinae Rasnitsyn and Jarzembowski 1998
G. †Hemisyntexis Li et al. 2024
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†Hemisyntexis lepida Li et al. 2024
G. †Karasyntexis Kopylov and Rasnitsyn 2025
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†Karasyntexis martynovi Kopylov and Rasnitsyn 2025
G. †Orthosyntexis Gao et al. 2021
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†Orthosyntexis elegans Gao et al. 2021
†Orthosyntexis mascula Li and Wei 2025
†Orthosyntexis thanti Gao et al. 2021
G. †Parasyntexis Kopylov 2019
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†Parasyntexis khasurtensis Kopylov 2019
G. †Sclerosyntexis Wang et al. 2020
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†Sclerosyntexis hirsuta Wang et al. 2020
Invalid names: Paraxiphydriinae Gao et al. 2022 [synonym]
Fm. †Protosiricidae Rasnitsyn and Zhang 2004
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G. †Protosirex Rasnitsyn 1969
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†Protosirex xyelopterus Rasnitsyn 1969
Fm. †Pseudosiricidae Handlirsch 1906
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G. †Myrmicium Westwood 1854
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†Myrmicium araripterum Freitas et al. 2020
†Myrmicium elongatum Germar 1839
†Myrmicium heerii Westwood 1854
†Myrmicium nanus Handlirsch 1906
†Myrmicium schroeteri Germar 1839
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Invalid names: Pseudosirex antiquus Germar 1839 [synonym], Pseudosirex compressus Oppenheim 1885 [synonym], Pseudosirex darwini Weyenbergh 1873 [synonym], Pseudosirex deichmuelleri Handlirsch 1906 [synonym], Pseudosirex elegans Oppenheim 1885 [synonym], Pseudosirex gracilis Oppenheim 1885 [synonym], Pseudosirex karschi Oppenheim 1885 [synonym], Pseudosirex minimus Oppenheim 1885 [synonym], Pseudosirex separatus Handlirsch 1906 [synonym], Rhipidorhabdus schroeteri Oppenheim 1885 [synonym], Sphinx snelleni Weyenbergh 1869 [synonym]
Invalid names: Apiaria Germar 1839 [replaced], Fabellovena Oppenheim 1885 [synonym], Hagenia Weyenbergh 1869 [synonym], Pseudosirex Weyenbergh 1873 [synonym], Rhipidorhabdus Oppenheim 1885 [synonym]
Invalid names: Myrmiciidae Maa 1949 [synonym]
G. †Sinanxyela Hong 1982
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†Sinanxyela dorunensis Hong 1982
Fm. †Sinosiricidae Hong 1975
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G. †Sinosirex Hong 1975
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†Sinosirex gigantea Hong 1975
Fm. Siricidae Billberg 1820 [horntail]
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Subfm. †Auliscinae Rasnitsyn 1968
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G. †Aulisca Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Aulisca odontura Rasnitsyn 1968
†Aulisca variicornis Rasnitsyn 1968
G. †Megaulisca Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Megaulisca grossa Rasnitsyn 1968
G. †Megura Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Megura magnifica Rasnitsyn 1968
Subfm. †Cratosiricinae Jouault and Nel 2020
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G. †Cratosirex Jouault and Nel 2020
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†Cratosirex sennlaubi Jouault and Nel 2020
G. †Cretosirex Wang et al. 2018
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†Cretosirex xiaoi Wang et al. 2018
G. †Emanrisca Rasnitsyn 1993
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†Emanrisca empusa Rasnitsyn 1993
G. †Eoteredon Archibald et al. 2021
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†Eoteredon lacoi Archibald et al. 2021
Subfm. †Gigasiricinae Rasnitsyn 1968
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G. †Gigasirex Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Gigasirex longipes Rasnitsyn 1968
G. †Liasirex Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Liasirex sogdianus Rasnitsyn 1968
G. †Pararchexyela Rasnitsyn 1968
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†Pararchexyela macroptera Rasnitsyn 1968
Invalid names: Pararchexyelinae Rasnitsyn 1968 [synonym]
Subfm. †Megapteritinae Maa 1949
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G. †Megapterites Cockerell 1920
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†Megapterites mirabilis Cockerell 1920
G. †Shurabica Rasnitsyn 1968
Subfm. Siricinae Billberg 1820
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G. †Eourocerus Archibald and Rasnitsyn 2022
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†Eourocerus anguliterreus Archibald and Rasnitsyn 2022
G. †Eoxeris Maa 1949
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†Eoxeris klebsi Brues 1926
G. †Proximoxeris Nel 1991
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Invalid names: Proximoxeris tripolicola Riou 1999 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Proximoxeris Riou 1999 [objective synonym]
G. Sirex Linnaeus 1761
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Invalid names: Paururus Konow 1896 [objective synonym]
G. †Urocerites Heer 1867
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G. Urocerus Geoffroy 1762
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†Urocerus dorbnikensis Manukyan 2021
Urocerus gigas Linnaeus 1758
†Urocerus ligniticus Piton 1940
†Urocerus patagonicus Fidalgo and Smith 1987
Invalid names: Eosirex Piton 1940 [synonym]
G. Xeris Costa 1894
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†Xeris muratensis Boderau et al. 2024
G. Xoanon Semenov 1921
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†Xoanon eocenicus Wedmann et al. 2014
G. †Ypresiosirex Archibald and Rasnitsyn 2015
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†Ypresiosirex orthosemos Archibald and Rasnitsyn 2015
Subfm. Tremecinae Ashmead 1898
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G. Eriotremex Benson 1943
G. Tremex Jurine 1807
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:56:18
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Toarcian to the top of the Piacenzian or 184.20000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 174.7 Ma

Collections (62 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Toarcian184.2 - 174.7Kyrgyzstan (Batken) Liasirex sogdianus (105124)
Callovian - Oxfordian165.3 - 154.8China (Nei Mongol) Brachysyntexis sp., Brachysyntexis brachyura, Daosyntexis primus, Brachysyntexis sinensis, Brachysyntexis rohweri, Brachysyntexis laticella, Brachysyntexis brevicornis, Brachysyntexis acuta, Brachysyntexis minuta (113371)
Kimmeridgian154.8 - 149.2Kazakhstan Anaxyela gracilis, Anaxyela media, Anaxyela antonovi, Anaxyela parvula (115717) Anaxyela macrura (31311) Anaxyela martynovi (122585) Anaxyelidae indet., Anaxyela destructa (106102) Anaxyelidae indet., Anaxyelinae indet., Syntexyela asiatica, Syntexyela drepanura, Megaulisca grossa, Brachysyntexis micrura (106101) Anaxyelinae indet., Brachysyntexis tigris, Kulbastavia grandis (105426) Gigasirex longipes, Anaxyelinae indet., Syntexyela brachyura, Syntexyela inversa, Syntexyela gracilicornis, Anasyntexis strophandra, Aulisca odontura, Aulisca variicornis, Brachysyntexis tenebrosa (105971) Karasyntexis martynovi (242274) Syntexyela magna, Syntexyela nana, Megura magnifica, Pararchexyela macroptera (105970) Urosyntexis depressa, Protosirex xyelopterus, Sphenosyntexis pallicornis, Brachysyntexis nova (113439)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Bayern) Fabellovena karschi, Rhipidorhabdus gracilis, Belostomum elongatum, Fabellovena elegans, Fabellovena compressa, Rhipidorhabdus minimus, Apiaria antiqua, Rhipidorhabdus schroeteri, Cryptocephalus mesozoicus (123985) Pseudosirex nanus, Pseudosirex snelleni, Myrmicium nanus, Myrmicium elongatus, Myrmicium schroeteri (123144) Pseudosirex schroeteri, Pseudosirex deichmuelleri, Pseudosirex minimus, Pseudosirex elongatus (133578) Sphinx snelleni, Cryptocephalus mesozoicus, Pseudosirex darwini, Rhipidorhabdus minimus, Rhipidorhabdus schroeteri (123906)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany Sphinx sp. (115325)
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Bavaria) Pseudosirex schroeteri (122586) Pseudosirex schroeteri, Pseudosirex nanus (139876)
Tithonian149.2 - 143.1Mongolia (Dund-Gov’ Aymag) Anaxyelidae indet. (122321)
Early/Lower Berriasian143.1 - 141.0United Kingdom (England) Eosyntexis tuffinae (104007) Myrmicium heerii (105966)
Berriasian - Barremian143.1 - 121.4Russian Federation (Yakutiya) Anaxyelidae indet., Anaxyelinae indet., Kempendaja jacutensis (110818)
Early/Lower Barremian125.77 - 121.4Spain Cretosyntexis montsecensis (152691) Eosyntexis catalonicus (104052)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4China (Liaoning) Brachysyntexis robusta, Syntexyela continentalis (111725) Cretosirex xiaoi (194296) Parasyntexis khasurtensis, Hemisyntexis lepida, Eosyntexis conflata (111710)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4China (Hebei) Sinosirex gigantea (155154)
Late/Upper Barremian125.77 - 121.4China (Nei Mongol) Sinanxyela dorunensis (155049)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57Russian Federation (Chita) Eosyntexis senilis (119499)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Russian Federation (Buryatia) Anaxyelidae indet., Brachysyntexis sp., Dolichostigma tenuipes, Dolichosyntexis transbaikalicus (105969) Anaxyelidae indet., Dolichostigma tenuipes (105536) Anaxyelidae indet., Parasyntexis sp. (118216) Brachysyntexis sp., Eosyntexis catalonicus, Urosyntexis undosa, Parasyntexis khasurtensis, Sclerostigma trimaculata (113350)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Mongolia Anaxyelidae indet., Kempendajinae indet. (103657)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Brazil (Ceará) Cratosirex sennlaubi (227841) Myrmicium araripterum (213661)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Spain (Álava) Eosyntexis parva (108769)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Myanmar Curvitexis kopylovi (179227) Orthosyntexis mascula (275567) Sclerosyntexis hirsuta, Orthosyntexis thanti, Orthosyntexis elegans, Paraxiphydria resinata (165561) Syntexinae indet. (161726)
Late/Upper Coniacian89.8 - 85.7Russian Federation (Khabarovsk) Emanrisca empusa, Siricinae indet. (123528)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Russian Federation (Tenkinskii) Anaxyelidae indet. (105375)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24France (Auvergne) Eosirex ligniticus (113685) Urocerus ligniticus (120579 166831)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Eoteredon lacoi (216597)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Washington) Eourocerus anguliterreus (104761)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Canada (British Columbia) Ypresiosirex orthosemos (147816)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Argentina (Chubut) Urocerus patagonicus (151963)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03United Kingdom (England) Megapterites mirabilis (127644)
MP 1148.07 - 41.03Germany (Hessen) Xoanon eocenicus (166830)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) Urocerus klebsi (123927) Xeris dorbnikensis, Xeris sp. (192258)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04France (Bouches-du-Rhone) Xeris sp. (113989)
MP 2827.3 - 23.04Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Tremecinae indet. (160097)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Croatia Urocerites spectabilis (117250)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09France (Ardèche) Proximoxeris tripoliensis (156164)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333France (Cantal) Xeris muratensis (122195)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Germany (Niedersachsen) Tremex sp. (155690)