PBDB Taxon

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Orthoceratoidea

Cephalopoda

Synonyms

Orthoceras shastense was named by Hyatt and Smith (1905). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Brock Mountain, 3 miles east of Madison's ranch (Trachyceras subzone), which is in a Tuvalian carbonate limestone in the Hosselkus Formation of California.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceratites blakei was named by Gabb (1864). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Buena Vista district, Humboldt mining region, which is in an Anisian carbonate limestone in Nevada.

It was recombined as Orthoceras blakei by Gabb (1864), Gabb (1870) and Meek (1877); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthocera ellipticum was named by Klipstein (1843). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is St. Cassian (Klipstein BMNH coll), which is in a Julian carbonate limestone in the Cassian Formation of Italy.

It was synonymized subjectively with Orthoceras subellipticum by von Mojsisovics (1882).
Orthoceras triadicum was named by von Mojsisovics (1873).

It was recombined as Trematoceras triadicum by Schastlivtseva (1988); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras styriacum was named by von Mojsisovics (1873).

It was recombined as Trematoceras styriacum by Schastlivtseva (1988); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras celticum was named by von Mojsisovics (1873). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Röthelstein, upper layer with Trachyceras austriacum, which is in a Julian carbonate limestone in the Halstatt Formation of Austria.

It was recombined as Trematoceras celticum by Schastlivtseva (1988); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras lateseptatum was named by Hauer (1846).

It was recombined as Trematoceras lateseptatum by Schastlivtseva (1988); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras sandlingense was named by von Mojsisovics (1873). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sandling, beds with Bucephalus subbullatus, which is in a Tuvalian carbonate limestone in the Halstatt Formation of Austria.

It was recombined as Trematoceras sandlingense by Schastlivtseva (1988); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras austriacum was named by von Mojsisovics (1873). Its type specimen is GBA 1873/005/0007, a shell, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Someraukogel, beds with Arcestes globus, which is in an Alaunian carbonate limestone in the Halstatt Formation of Austria.

It was recombined as Trematoceras austriacum by Schastlivtseva (1988); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras pulchellum was named by Hauer (1849).

It was recombined as Trematoceras pulchellum by Schastlivtseva (1988); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras multilabiatum was named by Hauer (1887). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras mojsisovicsi was named by Salomon (1895). It is not extant. Its type locality is North side of the Marmolata / Passo di Fedaia, which is in a Triassic marine horizon in the Marmolata Formation of Italy.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras spitiense was named by Diener (1907). It is not extant. Its type locality is Muth ("Muschelkalk"), which is in an Anisian marine horizon in India.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceratites lennaense was named by Stoppani (1859).

It was recombined as Orthoceras lennaense by von Mojsisovics (1882); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras subellipticum was named by d'Orbigny (1849).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras acum was named by Reis (1907).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras baconicum was named by Frech (1907).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras billiemense was named by Gemmellaro (1904).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras increscens was named by Kittl (1908).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras indoaustralicum was named by Bulow (1915).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras nodosum was named by Kutassy (1927).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras pulchristriatum was named by Bulow (1915).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras rotundulum was named by Bulow (1915).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras subtiliseptatum was named by Gemmellaro (1904).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).
Orthoceras variestriatum was named by Reis (1901).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Pohle and Klug (2024).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1843	Orthocera ellipticum Klipstein p. 144 figs. Pl 9, figs 5a,b
1846	Orthoceras lateseptatum Hauer p. 41 figs. Pl 11, figs 9,10
1849	Orthoceras pulchellum Hauer p. 1 figs. Pl 1, figs 1-3
1849	Orthoceras subellipticum d'Orbigny
1859	Orthoceratites lennaense Stoppani
1864	Orthoceras blakei Gabb p. 19 figs. Pl 3, fig 1
1870	Orthoceras blakei Gabb p. 6
1873	Orthoceras triadicum von Mojsisovics p. 4 figs. Pl 1, figs 1-3
1873	Orthoceras styriacum von Mojsisovics p. 5 figs. Pl 1, figs 6,7
1873	Orthoceras celticum von Mojsisovics p. 6 figs. Pl 1, fig 10
1873	Orthoceras lateseptatum von Mojsisovics p. 6 figs. Pl 1, fig 9
1873	Orthoceras sandlingense von Mojsisovics p. 6 figs. Pl 1, figs 11-13
1873	Orthoceras austriacum von Mojsisovics p. 7 figs. Pl 1, fig 8
1873	Orthoceras pulchellum von Mojsisovics p. 7
1877	Orthoceras blakei Meek p. 104 figs. Pl 10, fig 11
1882	Orthoceras lennaense von Mojsisovics
1882	Orthoceras subellipticum von Mojsisovics
1887	Orthoceras multilabiatum Hauer
1895	Orthoceras mojsisovicsi Salomon
1901	Orthoceras variestriatum Reis
1902	Orthoceras pulchellum von Mojsisovics p. 201 figs. Pl 16, figs 4,5
1904	Orthoceras billiemense Gemmellaro
1904	Orthoceras subtiliseptatum Gemmellaro
1905	Orthoceras shastense Hyatt and Smith p. 210 figs. Pl 48, figs 4,5
1907	Orthoceras multilabiatum Diener
1907	Orthoceras spitiense Diener
1907	Orthoceras baconicum Frech
1907	Orthoceras acum Reis
1908	Orthoceras increscens Kittl
1915	Orthoceras indoaustralicum Bulow
1915	Orthoceras pulchristriatum Bulow
1915	Orthoceras rotundulum Bulow
1927	Orthoceras nodosum Kutassy
1927	Orthoceras shastense Smith p. 102 figs. Pl 48, figs 4,5
1988	Trematoceras triadicum Schastlivtseva p. 30
1988	Trematoceras austriacum Schastlivtseva p. 31
1988	Trematoceras celticum Schastlivtseva p. 31
1988	Trematoceras lateseptatum Schastlivtseva p. 31
1988	Trematoceras pulchellum Schastlivtseva p. 31
1988	Trematoceras sandlingense Schastlivtseva p. 31
1988	Trematoceras styriacum Schastlivtseva p. 31
1994	Orthoceratoidea Zhuravleva
2012	Orthoceratoidea Kröger and Lefebvre
2013	Orthoceras austriacum Tatzreiter and Zorn p. 109 figs. Pl 1, fig 1

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia

Rank	Name	Author
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Orthoceratoidea	Zhuravleva 1994
subclass	Orthoceratoidea	Zhuravleva 1994

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. †Orthoceratoidea Zhuravleva 1994

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Or. †Pseudorthocerida Barskov 1968

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Fm. †Pseudorthoceratidae Flower and Caster 1935

G. †Buchanoceras Teichert and Glenister 1952

†Buchanoceras graviventrum Teichert and Glenister 1952

Subfm. †Cayutoceratinae Flower 1939

G. †Arpaoceras Zhuravleva 1962

G. †Bradfordoceras Flower and Caster 1935

G. †Cayutoceras Flower 1939

G. †Dnestroceras Zhuravleva 1961

G. †Metastromatoceras Zhuravleva 1957

G. †Stromatoceras Teichert and Glenister 1953

G. †Dinocycloceras Gordon 1964

†Dinocycloceras ballianum Girty 1909

†Dinocycloceras prolixum Gordon 1964

G. †Dolorthoceras Miller 1931

†Dolorthoceras caneyanum Girty 1909

†Dolorthoceras incisum Gordon 1964

†Dolorthoceras nakazawai Niko and Nishida 2000

†Dolorthoceras siphocentralis Krotow 1885

†Dolorthoceras stiliforme Shimanskiy 1948

†Dolorthoceras tenuifilosum Gordon 1964

G. †Geidoloceras Kröger 2008

†Geidoloceras ouaoufilalense Kröger 2008

G. †Hebetorthoceras Kröger and Mapes 2005

†Hebetorthoceras brokenarrowense Kröger and Mapes 2005

†Hebetorthoceras indianum Girty 1909

†Hebetorthoceras tricamerae Smith 1938

†Hebetorthoceras unicamera Smith 1938

G. †Houdongoceras Yang et al. 2021

†Houdongoceras chaohuensis Yang et al. 2021

G. †Mitorthoceras Gordon 1960

†Mitorthoceras clinatum Gordon, Jr. 1964

†Mitorthoceras crebriliratum Girty 1909

†Mitorthoceras girtyi Gordon 1964

†Mitorthoceras perfilosum Gordon 1960

Invalid names: Mooreoceras crebriliratum Girty 1909 [synonym]

†Mitorthoceras yellvillense Gordon 1964

G. †Mongoceras Miagkova 1967

†Mongoceras angustum Miagkova 1967

G. †Neocycloceras Flower and Caster 1935

†Neocycloceras obliqueannulatum Waagen 1879

†Neocycloceras obliquum Flower and Caster 1935

†Neocycloceras termierorum Kröger 2008

G. †Probatoceras Zhyravleva 1978

†Probatoceras crassum Zhuravleva 1978

Subfm. †Pseudactinoceratinae Schindewolf 1943

G. †Bergoceras Flower 1939

G. †Campyloceras M'Coy 1844

G. †Eusthenoceras Foord 1898

G. †Macroloxoceras Flower 1957

G. †Paraloxoceras Flower 1939

G. †Pseudactinoceras Schindewolf 1943

Subfm. †Pseudorthoceratinae Sweet 1964

G. †Eifeloceras Foerste 1929

G. †Pseudocyrtoceras Schindewolf 1943

G. †Pseudorthoceras Girty 1912

†Pseudorthoceras knoxense McChesney 1859

Invalid names: Mooreoceras normale Miller et al. 1933 [synonym], Orthoceras cribrosum Geinitz 1866 [synonym], Orthoceras rushensis Meek and Worthen 1873 [synonym], Pseudorthoceras seminolense Girty 1911 [synonym], Pseudorthoceras splendens Clifton 1942 [synonym]

†Pseudorthoceras neumannae Shimanskiy 1954

†Pseudorthoceras pillae Gemmellaro 1889

†Pseudorthoceras simense Shimanskiy 1954

†Pseudorthoceras stonense Gordon 1964

Invalid names: Mooreoceras Miller et al. 1933 [synonym]

G. †Simorthoceras Shimanskiy 1954

†Simorthoceras gracile Shimanskiy 1954

G. †Subdoloceras Kröger 2008

†Subdoloceras atrouzense Kröger 2008

†Subdoloceras engeseri Kröger 2008

†Subdoloceras tafilaltense Kröger 2008

G. †Subormoceras Kröger 2008

†Subormoceras dobrovljanense Kiselev 1968

†Subormoceras erfoudense Kröger 2008

†Subormoceras rashkovense Kiselev 1968

†Subormoceras rissaniense Kröger 2008

†Subormoceras skalaense Kiselev 1968

G. †Uralorthoceras Shimanskiy 1951

†Uralorthoceras tzwetaevae Shimanskiy 1951

†Uralorthoceras verneuili Moeller 1862

Invalid names: Mooreoceratidae Shimanskiy 1954 [synonym], Shikanoceratidae Shimansky 1956 [synonym]

Fm. †Spyroceratidae Shimizu and Obata 1935

G. †Adnatoceras Flower 1939

†Adnatoceras alaskense Gordon 1957

G. †Anastomoceras Flower 1939

G. †Atahococeras Niko et al. 2000

†Atahococeras timorense Niko et al. 2000

G. †Bitaunioceras Shimizu and Obata 1936

†Bitaunioceras buckhornense Niko et al. 2018

†Bitaunioceras coahuilense Miller 1944

†Bitaunioceras inordinatum Shimanskiy 1996

†Bitaunioceras krotowi Dewingthal 1951

†Bitaunioceras texanum Miller and Youngquist 1947

†Bitaunioceras undulatum Niko and Nishida 1987

†Bitaunioceras zonatum Gemmellaro 1889

G. †Cancellspyroceras Kröger 2008

†Cancellspyroceras loricatum Barrande 1868

G. †Cryptorthoceras Flower 1939

G. †Cyrtospyroceras Flower 1938

G. †Cyrtothoracoceras Turner 1964

G. †Diagoceras Flower 1936

†Diagoceras aptum Hall 1876

G. †Euloxoceras Miller et al. 1933

†Euloxoceras angustius Gordon 1964

†Euloxoceras greenei Miller et al. 1933

†Euloxoceras greenei praecursor Gordon 1964

†Euloxoceras greeni Dunbar and Condra 1933

G. †Fusicoceras Flower 1939

G. †Geisonoceroides Flower 1939

G. †Gordonoceras Teichert and Glenister 1953

G. †Lopingoceras Shimanskiy 1962

†Lopingoceras acutanolatum Zhao et al. 1978

†Lopingoceras bicinctum Abich 1878

†Lopingoceras guangdeense Zhao et al. 1978

†Lopingoceras lopingense Stoyanow 1910

G. †Palaeospyroceras Chen et al. 1981

G. †Palmeroceras Flower 1936

G. †Petryoceras Flower 1939

G. †Pseudocycloceras Barskov 1959

G. †Reticycloceras Gordon 1960

†Reticycloceras croneisi Gordon 1960

†Reticycloceras girtyi Gordon 1964

†Reticycloceras peytonense Gordon 1964

†Reticycloceras sequoyahense Snider 1915

G. †Sceptrites Flower 1939

G. †Shikhanoceras Shimanskiy 1954

†Shikhanoceras sphaerophorum Shimanskiy 1954

G. †Spyroceras Hyatt 1884

†Spyroceras baffinense Schuchert 1900

†Spyroceras bilineatum Hall 1847

†Spyroceras boreale Foerste and Savage 1927

†Spyroceras chambliense Foerste 1924

†Spyroceras clathratoannulatum Roemer 1861

†Spyroceras crotalum Hall 1879

†Spyroceras cylindratum Foerste 1932

†Spyroceras cyrtopatronus Kröger 2008

†Spyroceras damesi Krause 1877

†Spyroceras ferum Billings 1866

†Spyroceras fukuijense Niko 1996

†Spyroceras giganteum Flower 1945

†Spyroceras latepatronus Kröger 2008

†Spyroceras middlevillense Foerste 1928

†Spyroceras olorus Hall 1879

†Spyroceras patronus Barrande 1866

†Spyroceras perlaeve Strand 1934

†Spyroceras persculptum Ruedemann 1926

†Spyroceras textumarenaceum Roemer 1861

G. †Suloceras Manda 2001

†Suloceras longipulchrum Kröger 2008

†Suloceras pulchrum Barrande 1866

G. †Tripteroceroides Miller and Furnish 1940

Fm. †Trematoceratidae Zakharov 1996

G. †Paratrematoceras Schastlivtseva 1981

†Paratrematoceras ornatum Schastlivtseva 1981

†Paratrematoceras salinarium Hauer 1846

†Paratrematoceras shevyrevi Schastlivtseva 1981

G. †Phatthalungoceras Tongtherm and Nabhitabhata 2018

†Phatthalungoceras srisuki Tongtherm and Nabhitabhata 2018

G. †Pseudotemperoceras

†Pseudotemperoceras nyalamense Chen 1981

†Pseudotemperoceras pulchrum Schastlivceva 1986

G. †Trematoceras Eichwald 1851

†Trematoceras boreale Schastlivceva 1986

†Trematoceras clarum Schastlivceva 1986

†Trematoceras elegans Muenster 1831

Invalid names: Orthocera freieslebense Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Orthocera politum Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Orthoceras campanile Mojsisovics 1869 [synonym], Orthoceras dubium Hauer 1847 [synonym], Orthoceras freieslebense Klipstein 1843 [synonym]

†Trematoceras hikichii Niko 2016

†Trematoceras insperatum Schastlivceva 1988

†Trematoceras lytosiphon Gemmellaro 1904

†Trematoceras mangishlakense Schastlivceva 1981

†Trematoceras solidum Schastlivceva 1988

†Trematoceras subcampanile Kiparisova 1954

†Trematoceras vulgare Schastlivceva 1981

†Trematoceras watanabei Niko and Ehiro 2020

G. †Zhuravlevia Doguzhaeva 1994

†Zhuravlevia insperata Doguzhaeva 1994

Invalid names: Orthoceras acum Reis 1907 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras austriacum von Mojsisovics 1873 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras baconicum Frech 1907 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras billiemense Gemmellaro 1904 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras blakei Gabb 1864 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras celticum von Mojsisovics 1873 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras increscens Kittl 1908 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras indoaustralicum Bulow 1915 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras lateseptatum Hauer 1846 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras lennaense Stoppani 1859 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras mojsisovicsi Salomon 1895 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras multilabiatum Hauer 1887 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras nodosum Kutassy 1927 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras pulchellum Hauer 1849 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras pulchristriatum Bulow 1915 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras rotundulum Bulow 1915 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras sandlingense von Mojsisovics 1873 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras shastense Hyatt and Smith 1905 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras spitiense Diener 1907 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras styriacum von Mojsisovics 1873 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras subellipticum d'Orbigny 1849 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras subtiliseptatum Gemmellaro 1904 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras triadicum von Mojsisovics 1873 [nomen dubium], Orthoceras variestriatum Reis 1901 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingc

Life habit:

nektonicc

Diet:

carnivorec

Vision:

well-developedc

Created:

2004-02-28 11:51:48

Modified:

2023-08-18 17:28:37

Source: c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Darriwilian to the top of the Late/Upper Aptian or 467.30000 to 113.00000 Ma

Collections (794 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Middle Ordovician	470.0 - 458.4	USA (New York)	Spyroceras sp. (333)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	Canada (Quebec)	Orthoceras bilineatum (172350)
Whiterockian	470.0 - 457.3	USA (California)	Spyroceras sp. (119483 219321)
Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician	470.0 - 443.8	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Spyroceras sp. (24164)
Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician	470.0 - 443.8	Canada (Nunavut)	Spyroceras sp. (24125 24161 24220)
Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician	470.0 - 443.8	Canada (Manitoba)	Spyroceras sp. (24165)
Abereiddian	468.0 - 461.1	United Kingdom (Wales)	Allumettoceras sp. (89280)
Darriwilian	467.3 - 458.4	Morocco (Anti-Atlas)	Orthoceratoidea indet. (186254)
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Spyroceras sp. (188776)
Caradoc	458.4 - 449.5	Canada (Ontario)	Cycloceras persculptum (26297)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Julian	235.0 - 232.0	Romania	Orthoceras politum (160170)
Julian	235.0 - 232.0	Italy	Orthocera freieslebense, Orthocera ellipticum, Orthocera politum (145649) Orthoceras elegans, Orthoceras subellipticum (171160) Trematoceras elegans (163817)
Julian	235.0 - 232.0	Austria	Orthoceras dubium (159526 159528 159553) Orthoceras dubium, Orthoceras triadicum, Orthoceras pulchellum (159521) Orthoceras dubium, Orthoceras triadicum, Orthoceras styriacum, Orthoceras celticum, Orthoceras pulchellum (159532) Orthoceras dubium, Orthoceras triadicum, Orthoceras styriacum, Orthoceras pulchellum (159524)
Tuvalian	232.0 - 221.5	Austria	Orthoceras sandlingense (159542)
Tuvalian	232.0 - 221.5	USA (California)	Orthoceras shastense (33324)
Norian	228.0 - 208.5	Hungary	Orthoceras nodosum (73270)
Lacian	221.5 - 215.56	Austria	Orthoceras dubium, Orthoceras lateseptatum (159516 159899) Orthoceras lateseptatum (159541)
Alaunian	215.56 - 212.0	Austria	Orthoceras dubium, Orthoceras lateseptatum, Orthoceras austriacum (159515)
Sevatian	212.0 - 205.6	Austria	Orthoceras salinarium (159543 159544 159545)
Late/Upper Aptian	122.46 - 113.0	Russian Federation	Zhuravlevia insperata (65755)